萌典：開源協作改造社會

Ꟛ彂⼿⡲ 佖鸤爢剚 moedict.tw

萌典 moedict.tw

瘘갫 ⹛殥萌典 moedict.tw

瘘갫 ⹛殥岤갉 萌典 moedict.tw

瘘갫 ⹛殥岤갉 溫➃涮갉 萌典 moedict.tw

瘘갫 ⹛殥岤갉 溫➃涮갉 薊䗞岁ꠊ㹐㢵铃㼩撑萌典 moedict.tw

瘘갫 ⹛殥岤갉 溫➃涮갉 薊䗞岁ꠊ㹐㢵铃㼩撑騗䎂〵App 萌典 moedict.tw

2 “ ” ꨫ儘佟䏎僽➊랃

䓹㣐僱

⡹錏䖤茁剅剚⤛⢪Ⱇ字  ⿮莅佟屛㌨ 䓹㣐僱

⡹錏䖤茁剅剚⤛⢪Ⱇ字  ⿮莅佟屛㌨ 穪㼩♶剚㸐剚雊  խխ⟃捀荈䊹⿮莅✫ 䓹㣐僱 Ⱇ字

⡹錏䖤茁剅剚⤛⢪Ⱇ字  ⿮莅佟屛㌨ 穪㼩♶剚㸐剚雊  խխ⟃捀荈䊹⿮莅✫ 䧮鼩僽䟝♶ⴀ⢵♧⦐雊  㣐㹻⿶䧀⿶〳⟃⿮莅涸  溫姻涸遤⹛涸㻜驏 䓹㣐僱 Ⱇ字

Ⱇ字

Ⱇ字㼭儘Ⰹ ⟨俒⟝  瘘խխխխխ鳺陏㸤䧭 ꀀ字蠝➃⿮莅  0UBLV$IBSBDUFS3FDPHOJUJPO 佟屛桐ꆄ

佟屛桐ꆄ

佟屛桐ꆄ须俲稣湡佟屛桐ꆄ

NGO 佟屛桐ꆄ须俲稣湡佟屛桐ꆄ

鸏酭剤䪡㥪叞 銴䍲䘑瀷㌨ NGO 佟屛桐ꆄ须俲稣湡佟屛桐ꆄ

  銴饥鹎姽Ꟍ⴪⽫佟屛桐ꆄ须俲稣湡

ⴕ魨⠄埠彋⪔⚥

佟屛桐ꆄ侸⡙⻋

ꨫ儘佟䏎用㨽陾㆞䫏牱䭸⽂

  Ꟛ彂  垸䒭   遤⹛ ⚺纏 Ⱇ字礶牟爢麌㕰넓 纈滞㯯넓
荈歋鮿넓

100,000+ 7,500+ 1,000+ 700+ 200+ 100+ 50+ 30+ 20+ 茁剅磌窣鎎ꠗ
茁剅爢㕰䧭㆞ 㼠呪顀桐罏翝㣔㹔涮鎊罏䌢꽏⿮莅罏 ꅾ䏞⿮莅罏怵闍來㷸 랱㹐匡闍罏   Ꟛ彂  垸䒭   遤⹛ ⚺纏 Ⱇ字礶牟爢麌㕰넓 纈滞㯯넓 荈歋鮿넓

100,000+ 7,500+ 1,000+ 700+ 200+ 100+ 50+ 30+ 20+ Ⱏ瘘管⥜私ꏗ
Ⱏ瘘顀桐罏 Ⱏ瘘俒⟝ 彂焺䏨 Ꟛ涮㼠呪佟䏎❜崩㕜ꥹ怵闍㙹䋑崞⹛ 㣐㷸ざ⡲铭玑茁剅磌窣鎎ꠗ 茁剅爢㕰䧭㆞ 㼠呪顀桐罏翝㣔㹔涮鎊罏䌢꽏⿮莅罏 ꅾ䏞⿮莅罏怵闍來㷸 랱㹐匡闍罏 13,000+ 3,500+ 1,000+ 200+ 100+ 10+ 5+ 5+ 2+   Ꟛ彂  垸䒭   遤⹛ ⚺纏 Ⱇ字礶牟爢麌㕰넓 纈滞㯯넓 荈歋鮿넓

100,000+ 7,500+ 1,000+ 700+ 200+ 100+ 50+ 30+ 20+ Ⱏ瘘管⥜私ꏗ
Ⱏ瘘顀桐罏 Ⱏ瘘俒⟝ 彂焺䏨 Ꟛ涮㼠呪佟䏎❜崩㕜ꥹ怵闍㙹䋑崞⹛ 㣐㷸ざ⡲铭玑茁剅磌窣鎎ꠗ 茁剅爢㕰䧭㆞ 㼠呪顀桐罏翝㣔㹔涮鎊罏䌢꽏⿮莅罏 ꅾ䏞⿮莅罏怵闍來㷸 랱㹐匡闍罏 13,000+ 3,500+ 1,000+ 200+ 100+ 10+ 5+ 5+ 2+ 椕⿮莅鋊垸剓㣐Ꟛ佞佟䏎Ꟛ彂爢纈   Ꟛ彂  垸䒭   遤⹛ ⚺纏 Ⱇ字礶牟爢麌㕰넓 纈滞㯯넓 荈歋鮿넓

100,000+ 7,500+ 1,000+ 700+ 200+ 100+ 50+ 30+ 20+ Ⱏ瘘管⥜私ꏗ
Ⱏ瘘顀桐罏 Ⱏ瘘俒⟝ 彂焺䏨 Ꟛ涮㼠呪佟䏎❜崩㕜ꥹ怵闍㙹䋑崞⹛ 㣐㷸ざ⡲铭玑茁剅磌窣鎎ꠗ 茁剅爢㕰䧭㆞ 㼠呪顀桐罏翝㣔㹔涮鎊罏䌢꽏⿮莅罏 ꅾ䏞⿮莅罏怵闍來㷸 랱㹐匡闍罏 13,000+ 3,500+ 1,000+ 200+ 100+ 10+ 5+ 5+ 2+ —— Tom Steinberg, 椕⿮莅鋊垸剓㣐Ꟛ佞佟䏎Ꟛ彂爢纈   Ꟛ彂  垸䒭   遤⹛ ⚺纏 Ⱇ字礶牟爢麌㕰넓 纈滞㯯넓 荈歋鮿넓

2012-10

2012-10 痧ꨫ妄⹛㆞䨃✥랱㹐匡

2 “ ” ➊랃僽խխխ 랱㹐匡 Hack Marathon

ⴕꗻ䲿呪穉꥙Hack ⴕꗻ涮邍鹎䏞

9½¿V6O l .E* »mf » ¶… 2/144§º/R©rmf ¡
{U ¬ ²¡»=¡»¡»³¡ -½¡¿0[.E*

⿮莅顀桐

尝剤笪鮪尝剤穉籽尝剤➿邍

尝剤笪鮪尝剤穉籽尝剤➿邍尝剤➃

僽蠝腋涸尝剤➃ ! JI (H

㛇燊넓颶䱇奚 Ꟛ彂

㛇燊넓颶 ⰗꟚ鎣锸䱇奚 Ꟛ彂

㛇燊넓颶 ⰗꟚ鎣锸 Ⱏ瘘⼿⡲ 䱇奚 Ꟛ彂

㛇燊넓颶 ⰗꟚ鎣锸 GitHub Ⱏ瘘⼿⡲ 䱇奚 Ꟛ彂

‣ Release early, release often ⭽傍ꅼⴀꦑ儘ꅼⴀ խխꆃ〣 Ꟛ彁

‣ Release early, release often ⭽傍ꅼⴀꦑ儘ꅼⴀ ‣ Patches welcome! 姹鵔⹛䩛⥜姻
խխꆃ〣 Ꟛ彁

t^ (^ ³¡ x \w cx ²¡ ´H FN
Z =¡

28⦐剢涸⸗⸂

2 “ ” 䙦랃⨞խխխխ Ꟛ佞须俲

2013-01-26 衞䎂յ鼩俒倴字ն 䧮剚黇騅⿮⸈랱㹐匡  䋞劆䪾㶶鑂䧭铃㹁纏  ⢿〣瘞瘞姻넓⚥俒须俲欽  Ꟛ佞涸俒㶶"1*ꅼ佞ⴀ⢵

2013-01-26 衞䎂յ鼩俒倴字ն 䧮剚黇騅⿮⸈랱㹐匡  䋞劆䪾㶶鑂䧭铃㹁纏  ⢿〣瘞瘞姻넓⚥俒须俲欽  Ꟛ佞涸俒㶶"1*ꅼ佞ⴀ⢵ շ來肬鿈ꅾ管㕜铃鴀Ⱙ⥜鎎劥ո Ministry of Education

2013-01-26 衞䎂յ鼩俒倴字ն 䧮剚黇騅⿮⸈랱㹐匡  䋞劆䪾㶶鑂䧭铃㹁纏  ⢿〣瘞瘞姻넓⚥俒须俲欽  Ꟛ佞涸俒㶶"1*ꅼ佞ⴀ⢵ շ來肬鿈ꅾ管㕜铃鴀Ⱙ⥜鎎劥ո Ministry of Education
MoeDict.tw

շ來肬鿈ꅾ管㕜铃鴀Ⱙ⥜鎎劥ո 1945 㱺 1996

շ來肬鿈ꅾ管㕜铃鴀Ⱙ⥜鎎劥ո 넞麨⼧Ⱉ蠝瘘鑂哭 1945 㱺 1996

շ來肬鿈ꅾ管㕜铃鴀Ⱙ⥜鎎劥ո 넞麨⼧Ⱉ蠝瘘鑂哭娜〷欽岁鞮㺢䒸欽竤Ⱙ剅阮 1945 㱺 1996

շ來肬鿈ꅾ管㕜铃鴀Ⱙ⥜鎎劥ո 넞麨⼧Ⱉ蠝瘘鑂哭娜〷欽岁鞮㺢䒸欽竤Ⱙ剅阮姻넓⚥俒涸奚㪮㹁纏⿮罌 1945 㱺 1996

㱺 ⁈ 1996

⁈ 鑂哭尝剤ꕖ穡搂岁ⴕ❧ 㱺 ⁈ 1996

⁈ 鑂哭尝剤ꕖ穡搂岁ⴕ❧ ⁈ 縂欽㶶 խ 〫腋欽㕮晚곏爚㱺 ⁈ 1996

⁈ 鑂哭尝剤ꕖ穡搂岁ⴕ❧ ⁈ 縂欽㶶 խ 〫腋欽㕮晚곏爚 ⁈ ♶佅䴂䩛堥䎂匢ꨶ舡㱺 ⁈
1996

⁈ 鑂哭尝剤ꕖ穡搂岁ⴕ❧ ⁈ 縂欽㶶 խ 〫腋欽㕮晚곏爚 ⁈ ♶佅䴂䩛堥䎂匢ꨶ舡㱺 ⁈
劥禺窡꨾⢪欽Internet Explorer 5.0⟃♳  䧴Netscape 4.7⟃♳晝劥涸懳錒㐼 1996

笪갤♶꨾涬Ⰵ⽿剚荈⹛涬ⴀ

Ꟛ佞须俲涸❀겎僤

Ꟛ佞须俲涸❀겎僤 ⭐ ☆☆☆☆ Ꟛ佞䱇奚

Ꟛ佞须俲涸❀겎僤 ⭐ ☆☆☆☆ Ꟛ佞䱇奚 ⭐⭐ ☆☆☆ 穡圓奌⡙

Ꟛ佞须俲涸❀겎僤 ⭐ ☆☆☆☆ Ꟛ佞䱇奚 ⭐⭐ ☆☆☆ 穡圓奌⡙ ⭐⭐⭐ ☆☆ Ⱇ欽呔䒭

⭐⭐⭐⭐ ☆ 䭸㹁笪㖧

⭐⭐⭐⭐ ☆ 䭸㹁笪㖧 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ ❜✽ꕖ穡

贫〮꧌넓瀷畀

痧㡸妄Ⱇ㖒佞걆랱㹐匡 2013-01-27

痧㡸妄Ⱇ㖒佞걆랱㹐匡 2013-01-27 《䖤䧭铃ⰩⰟ갤 @tonyq @mno2

痧㡸妄Ⱇ㖒佞걆랱㹐匡 2013-01-27 《䖤䧭铃ⰩⰟ갤 《䖤㕜铃鴀Ⱙ 갤 @au @tonyq @mno2

痧㡸妄Ⱇ㖒佞걆랱㹐匡 2013-01-27 《䖤䧭铃ⰩⰟ갤 《䖤㕜铃鴀Ⱙ 갤 鏤鎙+40/须俲꧌呔䒭 @pingooo @au @tonyq @mno2

痧㡸妄Ⱇ㖒佞걆랱㹐匡 2013-01-27 《䖤䧭铃ⰩⰟ갤 《䖤㕜铃鴀Ⱙ 갤 鏤鎙+40/须俲꧌呔䒭鏤鎙42-须俲䏨呔䒭 @albb0920 @pingooo @au
@tonyq @mno2

痧㡸妄Ⱇ㖒佞걆랱㹐匡 2013-01-27 《䖤䧭铃ⰩⰟ갤 《䖤㕜铃鴀Ⱙ 갤 鏤鎙+40/须俲꧌呔䒭鏤鎙42-须俲䏨呔䒭罹唚笪갤鱲捀须俲 @albb0920 @pingooo
@au @tonyq @mno2 @kcwu

⼿⡲鳺陏㶶㕮

磧殜涸Ⱏ陏 Rough Consensus

磧殜涸Ⱏ陏鹎乹ך玑䒭 Rough Consensus Running Code

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽蟠Ⱙ笪畀

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽蟠Ⱙ笪畀懳錒㐼䒂⠽

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽蟠Ⱙ笪畀懳錒㐼䒂⠽ 管鱀㐼侮ざ

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽蟠Ⱙ笪畀懳錒㐼䒂⠽ 管鱀㐼侮ざ鱒Ⰵ岁鴀䏨

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽蟠Ⱙ笪畀懳錒㐼䒂⠽ 管鱀㐼侮ざ鱒Ⰵ岁鴀䏨 96-呲꬗玑䒭

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽蟠Ⱙ笪畀懳錒㐼䒂⠽ 管鱀㐼侮ざ鱒Ⰵ岁鴀䏨 96-呲꬗玑䒭 .BD禺窡鴀Ⱙ

䒂糵ぐ䒭䥰欽蟠Ⱙ笪畀懳錒㐼䒂⠽ 管鱀㐼侮ざ鱒Ⰵ岁鴀䏨 96-呲꬗玑䒭 .BD禺窡鴀Ⱙ iOS, Android, Firefox
OS, Windows 8…

2 “ ” 鸏垺⨞ざ岁㌨ 衽⡲奚岁

⟃⚥㣜䧴㖒倰堥ꡠ䧴Ⱇ岁➃⛓そ纏 ⰗꟚ涮邍⛓衽⡲ 㖈ざ椚眕㕠Ⰹ 䖤ꅾ醢ⰗꟚ久鷑䧴ⰗꟚ⫄鱒 捀ꬌ斊ⵄ⛓來肬湡涸 ⣜շխխխխո痧哭 衽⡲奚岁

须俲꧌ CC0 1.0Ⱇ滞걆㚖顀桐㹒デ劥湡ꏗ♴涸䨾剤Ⱖ➮墂呪 歋⡲罏㇫뒉㖈岁䖒鏪〳涸眕㕠Ⰹ 䬚唳鑪衽⡲⣜衽⡲奚岁䨾❧剤⛓奚ⵄ ⺫䭍䨾剤湱ꡠ莅ꁈ䱺涸岁䖒奚ⵄ ⚛㹒デ㼟鑪衽⡲顀桐荛Ⱇ滞걆㚖 玑䒭焺姽贖鱲䳖呔䒭ꅾ倞管䱖涸管鱀衽⡲奚
㥶卓剤涸鑨歋@kcwu⟃CC0ꅼⴀ

䱇奚⢵彂 moedict.tw/about.html

䱇奚⢵彂㕜铃鴀Ⱙ瘘갫涮갉 moedict.tw/about.html ざ椚⢪欽

䱇奚⢵彂㕜铃鴀Ⱙ瘘갫涮갉 荩抓ꠊ⽂铃䌢欽鑂鴀Ⱙ moedict.tw/about.html ざ椚⢪欽

䱇奚⢵彂㕜铃鴀Ⱙ瘘갫涮갉 荩抓ꠊ⽂铃䌢欽鑂鴀Ⱙ ⚥螠俒⻋籏剚Ⰽ䁘鑂Ⱙ moedict.tw/about.html ざ椚⢪欽

䱇奚⢵彂㕜铃鴀Ⱙ瘘갫涮갉 荩抓ꠊ⽂铃䌢欽鑂鴀Ⱙ ⚥螠俒⻋籏剚Ⰽ䁘鑂Ⱙ 薊俒岁俒䗞俒㼩撑 moedict.tw/about.html ざ椚⢪欽

㹐㹻铃䌢欽鑂鴀Ⱙ 荈鎎䱇奚劤鳿Ⱙ㿁ⰕꟚ项鎜⢪欽罏〳⣛꨽実ⵃ欽ⰦⰉ㺁 嫜갭歍锜䱇奘䟁锜黼㸚չ垥鏼⳿贔ծ♶〳何⡲ծ ♶〳⡲㉀噟ⵃ欽պ瘝✲갪կ ꬊ㉀噟欽鷿涸垥彊 ♧♶〳⾱㼓♶⹛㼝Ⰹ㺁⿹禸窟湫䱸顋㈑կ ✳Ⰹ㺁ꅾ倜侭椚⚂垥岣侄肪鿇䱇奘罏կ

蟠Ⱙ㕰莅來肬鿈鎣锸䶰銴 2013-11-23 ⥃䭰鋊眕䚍⽰捀鴀Ⱙ⟃ꅼⴀ捀湡垦ざ椚⢪欽

蟠Ⱙ㕰莅來肬鿈鎣锸䶰銴 2013-11-23 ⥃䭰鋊眕䚍⽰捀鴀Ⱙ⟃ꅼⴀ捀湡垦ざ椚⢪欽⼿⡲ 纈滞 격䠑䱺「խխխխ㻤呍鎎姻

蟠Ⱙ㕰莅來肬鿈鎣锸䶰銴 2013-11-23 ⥃䭰鋊眕䚍⽰捀鴀Ⱙ⟃ꅼⴀ捀湡垦ざ椚⢪欽⼿⡲ 纈滞 격䠑䱺「խխխխ㻤呍鎎姻 2015-03-04 շꅾ管㕜铃鴀Ⱙ⥜鎎劥ո
շ矦管劥ոշ㼭㶶ⰩոⰗ滞䱇奚ꅼⴀ

2 “ ” խխ㥶⡦խխ ⼿⡲ 纈滞

⼿⡲ ざ⡲͒

⼿⡲

permalink share collaborate Тꕖ穡 Ф⼿⡲ Уⴕ❧ ⼿⡲

permalink Тꕖ穡 moedict.tw/

share Уⴕ❧

collaborate Ф⼿⡲ dodo.moedict.tw

collaborate Ф⼿⡲ dodo.moedict.tw 茁 ꦖ 倞

collaborate Ф⼿⡲ dodo.moedict.tw 茁 ꦖ 㣔 ➃妄⿮莅吥鎎倞

2 “ ” 齡⾲⡞字鑂Ⱙヤ

恎铃鑂哭涰猰䒭哭⴪

恎铃鑂哭涰猰䒭哭⴪ 停铃䭨갉꣡欽岁眕⢿

꣚繡停1BOHDBI

痧䭫妄须俲猰㷸랱㹐匡 2014-08-30,31

痧䭫妄须俲猰㷸랱㹐匡 2014-08-30,31 䰿䲾秶劥鑂ⰩⰟ갤 @miaoski

痧䭫妄须俲猰㷸랱㹐匡 2014-08-30,31 䰿䲾秶劥鑂ⰩⰟ갤 ⴗ䧭堾哭Ⱏ⴪ @CindyLinz @miaoski

痧䭫妄须俲猰㷸랱㹐匡 2014-08-30,31 䰿䲾秶劥鑂ⰩⰟ갤 ⴗ䧭堾哭Ⱏ⴪ ⴲ姿堥㐼俒㶶鳺陏 @x4base @CindyLinz @miaoski

痧䭫妄须俲猰㷸랱㹐匡 2014-08-30,31 䰿䲾秶劥鑂ⰩⰟ갤 ⴗ䧭堾哭Ⱏ⴪ ⴲ姿堥㐼俒㶶鳺陏停铃剅㻨禺窡吥㼩 @laﬁn @x4base @CindyLinz @miaoski

痧䭫妄须俲猰㷸랱㹐匡 2014-08-30,31 䰿䲾秶劥鑂ⰩⰟ갤 ⴗ䧭堾哭Ⱏ⴪ ⴲ姿堥㐼俒㶶鳺陏停铃剅㻨禺窡吥㼩䒊縨ꀀ字0$3䎂〵 @laﬁn @x4base @CindyLinz
@miaoski @miaoski

㼭儘Ⰹ 갪哭湡  㶶խ꣚繡铃蟠Ⱙխ鳺陏㸤䧭䠮闒ぐ⡙ꀀ字骈鬪⿮莅  0UBLV$IBSBDUFS3FDPHOJUJPO

amis.moedict.tw♳箁

馱佟屛⻋

Online Communities, Regierungen & Transparenz Die Sonnenblumen Bewegung au @
metalab, 2014-10-04

Hong Kong seit 26. September 200k Demonstranten Selbstorganisierten Actocracy

Hackfoldr: Bearbeiten

黇騅⼿⸔㽳屯晋佹担 hackfoldr.org/nepal-hot

黇騅⼿⸔㽳屯晋佹担 hackfoldr.org/nepal-hot 㼭儘Ⰹ ➃⼿⡲醢㕮  哭麥騟 갪䒊眡 ⴲ姿鳺陏㸤䧭

But what makes Internet telegardening interesting, and what makes it
a cousin of traditional gardening, is that it affords a direct link with a real garden — not, of course a causally direct link, but an epistemically direct link. And it is this epistemic directness that matters. When telerobotic engagement is epistemically direct, it gives us uninferred knowledge of a garden thousands of miles away, and with it a desire to tend that garden and see it grow. – Michael Idinopulos, «Telepistemology, Mediation, and the Design of Transparent Interfaces» & & $ %

www.slideshare.net/autang/0th-sunﬂower-digital-camp

3/19 荈⥃갭濼暟须꨾宠Ⱏ瘘箁騟匡

Ⱇ字镪鑉涸♲㣐ꥻ燘㼩倴姻㖈䲿呪⚥莅荈䊹剤ⵄ㹳ꡠ⤚涸  岁鋊ⵖ㹁緄⛘✫鍑 倞⿮莅罏妁緄爢纈鎣锸稇귢ꨈ⟃✫鍑  㥶⡦剤佪鐱锸 歋倴岁鋊ⵖ㹁须俲涸眕㕠莅醳꧹玑䏞  㼬荞须鎝麕ꆀ

vTaiwan.tw

䊨⡲穉痧♧妄翹剚䱰湬久俒久♲ぢ䕀⫄倰䒭鹎遤

1 7 2 : 0 0 ~5 /

9 0 6 : ~5

Next Steps 8 4 m

黇騅來肬Ꟛ佞须俲镪鑉剚陾湬久黇畮俒久䕀⫄剚䖕鱲㻨

䊨⡲穉翹剚䱰湬久俒久꧱ぢ䕀⫄倰䒭鹎遤

Ꟛ㨥Ⰵ㜥崩玑铞僈荈䧮➝稲黇騅來肬ⴕꗻ ⚥㜥⠅䜂 Ꟛ佞须俲⢿㢫佐顥⾲⵱ 佐久 NJO陾겗矦㜡 NJOⴲ姿䠑鋅鎣锸 NJO箁♳Ⱏ瘘鎣锸 NJO㻜넓䒊陾䕀侮
NJO箁♳Ⱏ瘘䕀侮 NJO⚺䭰➃竸侮 NJO䠑鋅焷钢

黇騅來肬 㣐㘗箁♳Ꟛ佞䒭铭玑 . 0 0 $ (Objective)(Reﬂective)(Interpretive)

黇騅㷸ⴕ♳ꣳ籏㷸ⴕ| ˖0湡⵹搂岁黇騅䱇✮㷸⡙ ӳ3⨋ꀀ嵳㢫魨ꥻ䔞䚍䊨儘罏鿪剤꨾宠 ӳ*䱇✮㷸⡙〳⟃佐顥⟃醢⡲刿㥪涸Ⰹ㺂
ӳ*䱇✮嵳㢫➃㡦㷸⡙〳⟃㟞鹎俒⻋䕧갠⸂ ӳ3爢剚➃俒넓腋铭玑꨾銴㻜넓铭㛔 ӳ*〳㖈䱇✮㷸⡙儘鏽僈捀չ黇騅⥜噠俒䤊պ

黇騅嫦㷸ⴕ儘侸 ˖0㻜넓㷸ⴕ〳歍锞鞓⯝黇騅穅魨㷸绢♶遤 ӳ3㕜㢫黇騅铭玑㷸ⴕ《䖤鯱剤佪桧 ӳ3乽⡲㘗涸猰湡ㄤ㷸遯㘗涸眏㤉♶ず
ӗ*罌䣂ꅾ倞增鎣㷸䎃㷸ⴕⵖ佖捀㷸ⴕⵖ ӗ*黇騅⼿⸔⨋ꀀ㷸欰⛳䥰〳《䖤㷸ⴕ

騗吥⥜铭꨾劥吥⿻➮吥ず䠑 ˖0㻜⹡♳♶兜麒➛䎃來肬鿈렽⺑騗吥穉䧭耢湅 ӳ3僽や剤⢵荈㷸欰涸䧭佪鐱⠮ ӗ*〳黇騅㸤䧭铭玑䖕歋劥吥⨞腋⸂增㹁
ӳ3蕰Ꟛ佞嵳㢫㷸欰⛳꨾罌䣂䪭钢嵳㢫㷸ⴕ ӗ*㖈Ꟛ佞⛓⵹䗳갭⯓焷⥃铭玑涸ㅷ颶

Ⱖ➮䒊陾 ӳ3箁♳罌鑑涸㉏겗㖈倴ꨈ⟃焷钢魨ⴕ ӗ*䥰銴宠넞걽㻫넞鍑區䏞涸⽰儘䕧⫹ ӗ*䥰銴宠䭸秙瘞欰椚陏ⴽ须鎝 ӳ3䥰侮ざ箁♳穅魨㷸绢㖈耷鹎⥜爢⼦㣐㷸
ӗ*〳Ꟛ佞字꟦堥圓鹎遤黇騅铭玑钢阮 ӗ*〳Ꟛ佞字꟦堥圓鹎遤㷸⡙䱇✮

㖈焷⥃來㷸ㅷ颶涸⵹䲿⛓♴䥰㼩ㅷ颶麨垦涸⛓暶㹁㷸吥㷸⡙  䱖ꤑ黇騅㷸ⴕ䱰钢♳ꣳ 黇騅铭玑㷸ⴕ䨾꨾儘侸䒊陾⟃㷸绢㋲⯋捀㋲⡙鎙皿  ⚛⟃鐱ꆀ倰䒭䱰钢 黇騅鐱ꆀ䱰钢㷸ⴕ儘䖤銴宠넞걽㻫넞鍑區䏞⽰儘䕧⫹  ⡎❠䥰⥃隌㷸欰⦐须⿻ꦡ猙奚 騗吥⥜绢黇騅铭玑䥰䖰歍锞鏪〳ⵖ佖捀㜡⪔ⵖ  劥禺䨾來䱇♶⿾㼩⽰〳䱰钢 䋞劆來肬鿈增鎣㣐㷸ず瘞㷸⸂湱ꡠ岁鋊  ⢪黇騅㷸绢罏腋莅♧菛㷸ⵖ䱺鮨

Ꟛ佞须俲 ⢿㢫佐顥⾲⵱ (Objective)(Reﬂective)(Interpretive)

鋊顥岁须俲䧭劥㞅酢 ˖0莇䒊飑縨䧭劥 ӳ3颪须俲⢵귢禺窡佦㹨孵韍㖒椚㕮须 ӳ*植剤갸皿噠⹡欴欰涸须俲♶䥰ⱄ妄鎙顥 ˖0笞隌⫄鱒䧭劥
ӳ3Ꟛ佞⯝顥鸤䧭涸佪渤鸒䌢嫲鼹ꥹ䧭劥넞 ӳ*⽰儘㣐ꆀ须俲〳欽崩ꆀ鎙顥鋕欽鸁幾⯝

箁♳须俲佐顥ⴼ彋 ˖0植遤禺窡鸒䌢尝剤僤㋲瘘笪㖧ꡠ鸮须俲 ӳ3僤秹僽鯺Ⱘ涸ꨈ僒玑䏞莅须俲ㅷ颶搂ꡠ ӗ*䲿넞须俲鵜欽僽姻䌢噠⹡♶䥰겙㢫佐顥
ӳ3㥶卓僤须俲佐顥佟䏎剚騈字꟦畹昰 ˖0植遤䲿⣘窍暶㹁䑖㉂斊ⵄ⢪欽儘剤佐䱇奚顥 ӳ3⽰⢪⯝顥䲿⣘欽粿玅涸倰䒭⛳腋㔐ⵌ㕜䏨 ӳ3䪮遯Ꟍ壋넞黠欽眕㕠瑻儘〳黠欽鋊顥岁

镪鑉ⵖ䏞字꟦⼿⡲ ˖0字꟦⚺⹛䲿ⴀ须俲꨾宠⤛锞堥ꡠ灇陾Ꟛ佞 ӳ3〳⿮罌稙㢫箁湌庠䨼㖒须俲佟屛桐ꆄ ӗ*꨾銴騗鿈剚㻤叆㥶麥騟屎䊛须俲瘞
˖0爢纈Ⱇ⼿剚㼠㹻⿮莅鿈剚须俲Ꟛ佞镪鑉 ӳ3㢫❜㕜꣈⦐须瘞併䠮须俲䥰⮛⯓鎣锸 ӗ*须俲竤镪鑉䖕♶♧㹁Ꟛ佞⛳〳⟃鎙顥

Ⱖ➮䒊陾 ˖3ぐ堥ꡠⰗデ佐顥⯝顥⾲⵱䥰♧荞 ӳ*ぐ堥ꡠ䥰㹁劍Ⱇデ꨾佐顥갪湡莅鎙顥倰䒭 ӳ*劢Ⱇデ捀꨾佐顥罏䥰♧䖒⯝顥䲿⣘ ˖3չꟚ佞须俲պ莅չ须鎝ⰗꟚպ䥰僈焷⼦ⴽ
ӳ*Ꟛ佞须俲♶䖤ꣳⵖ䖕糵⥜佖⿻㉂噠ⵄ欽 ӳ*Ꟛ佞须俲僽ぢչ♶暶㹁㼩韍պ⚺⹛䲿⣘ ӳ*㔔姽♶黠欽ぢչ暶㹁㼩韍պ涸鋊顥岁

堥ꡠぢ㣐滞䲿⣘须俲儘䥰痘ざ♴⴪銴宠 Ꟛ佞䱇奚䥰⟃㺂鏪㉂噠ⵄ欽管鱀佖⡲ⱄ侕䋒♶ ꣳⵖ⢪欽湡涸♶⡲䊴ⴽ䖊麂⛓倰䒭䲿⣘✮Ⱇ滞 Ꟛ佞鵜欽鷴麕笪騟䲿⣘须俲儘Ⱖ⮭㶸⫄鱒瘞鼹ꥹ 䧭劥䥰⟃⯝顥捀⾲⵱蕰⟃秶劥⯕焈瘞䲿⣘须俲 䖤佐《鯺넓湱ꡠ䧭劥顥欽 暶⢿笪騟䲿⣘⽰儘㣐ꆀ须俲堥ꡠ蕰腋莊阮Ⱖ 湱ꡠ䧭劥㣐倴〳腋欴欰⛓Ⱇ渤竤㻤呍钢〳䖕 䖤ꂀ佐鋊顥

ꤑꟚ佞䱇奚Ꟛ佞鵜欽㢫须俲갭痘ざꟚ佞呔䒭  搂㼠㿂䪮遯ꣳⵖ⛓呔䒭倰〳珖捀Ꟛ佞须俲  堥ꡠ植剤갸皿噠⹡䨾欴欰⛓须俲䧴䥰⚺⹛䲿⣘⛓ 须俲Ⱖ欴欰䧭劥⿻Ꟛ佞须俲禺窡⛓䒊縨笞麌  䧭劥♶䥰ぢ⢪欽罏佐《鋊顥 㕜ꥹꟚ佞㹁纏5IF0QFO%FOJUJPO

堥ꡠ䖤㔔䥰字꟦暶㹁➃⛓꨾宠䲿⣘ꬌ傂䧭⛓㹐醢⻋须俲 蕰䲿⣘㼩韍⫦捀歍锞⛓暶㹁➃䧴㔔㼠ⵄ斊噠牍㺙䧴Ⱖ ➮⾲㔔♶痘ざꟚ佞呔䒭㹁纏⵱䥰〥鎎䱇奚倰䒭䲿⣘ ⵄ欽⚛鋊ⷔ佐顥垦彋⚂♶䥰珖捀չꟚ佞须俲պ ꬌꟚ佞须俲⛓㹐醢须俲禺窡䖤佐《鋊顥  ⟃㞅酢䒊縨笞麌䧭劥 蕰䲿⣘㼩韍捀歍锞⛓暶㹁➃⿻Ⱇ滞䲿⣘Ꟛ佞须俲⵱䖤 ⣜䧭劥㞅酢⾲⵱ぢ歍锞➃佐《♧妄䚍㼠噠剪⹡顥 Ꟛ佞须俲禺窡⛓䒊縨笞麌䧭劥♶䥰佐《鋊顥

佟䏎䥰䒊用镪鑉堥ⵖ⟃㻤呍字꟦䲿ⴀ⛓须俲꨾宠 㻤呍麕玑䥰秝Ⰵ爢纈Ⱇ⼿剚湱ꡠ걆㚖⛓㼠㹻 㻤呍麕玑䖤鋕须俲꨾宠騗鿈剚騗㋲⡙鎣锸⺫䭍  遤佟ꤎ⟃㢫涸Ⱖ➮ぐ㾵秹佟䏎堥ꡠ 须俲꨾宠竤㻤呍䖕䖤ⴼ㹁捀չ♶䥰Ꟛ佞պ  չꟚ佞须俲պ䧴չ㹐醢⻋须俲պ ず䪡꨾宠⚥䥰⮛⯓㻤呍넞併䠮䚍须俲⿻Ⱇ渤佪卓鯱넞⛓须俲 㻤呍麕玑䥰鷷恸䒊用⥃ꥻ⦐须⿡陏ⴽ⻋涸ⴼ彋

⟃遤佟ꤎ⿻䨾㿂ぐ秹堥ꡠ佟䏎须俲Ꟛ佞⡲噠⾲⵱捀㛇燊 堥ꡠ䥰䲿傍荛㼱傈갸デ佐顥须俲갪湡⿻鎙顥倰䒭 堥ꡠ笪畀♳劢Ⱇデ捀꨾佐顥⛓须俲䥰♧䖒⯝顥䲿⣘ 堥ꡠ⯝顥䲿⣘须俲罜劢耫僈䱇奚儘䥰⚺⹛耫僈䱇奚 堥ꡠ⯝顥䲿⣘⛓须俲Ⱖ䱇奚䥰莅Ꟛ佞须俲㹁纏湱㺂 䥰鷷姿䒊用ⵖ䏞⻋须俲䱇奚哭妵䥰鎹鯺♶䖤鎹鯺✲갪

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