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RubyConf.ph 2014 - ZOMGSCALE! With Celluloid & JRuby
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Ben Lovell
March 29, 2014
Programming
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RubyConf.ph 2014 - ZOMGSCALE! With Celluloid & JRuby
Ben Lovell
March 29, 2014
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Transcript
zomgscale! with Celluloid and JRuby Ben Lovell
benlovell _j
113581334398839860922 !
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“I HAVE KILLED, AND I WILL KILL AGAIN”
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HEY LADIES
❤️
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zomgscale! with Celluloid and JRuby Ben Lovell
Moore’s Law
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I don’t like bungee jumping... ! ...but I do like
skiing Roger Moore
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every few years CPU clocks have doubled
but recently this growth has stalled
cores ++++++++
the free lunch is over Herb Sutter
harness the POWER in those cores
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concurrency parallelism
so there’s a difference?
concurrent!
parallel?
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processes or threads
processes memory constraints communication x cores == x processes?
processes what about fork(2) and CoW friendly GC ?
not CoW friendly
threads shared state locks and lock granularity race conditions can
be hard to reason about
zomg! I love multithreaded code - NOBODY EVER
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so what’s up with MRI?
well, nothing but...
GIL
some things the GIL is responsible for...
San Francisco Bay oil spillage
...maritime disasters
THANKS, GIL!
GIL
MRI not so bad if you’re I/O bound
MRI but what about computation?
meh. thread-level parallelism is available right now! ...just not with
MRI
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rubinius 2.0.0 due for release 2042 OLD SLIDE ALERT!
so now that we have truly parallel threads is the
problem solved?
! ! rules of threading
Don’t do it!
If you must do it don’t share data across threads
If you must share data across threads don’t share mutable
data
If you must share mutable data across threads synchronise access
to this data
don’t communicate by sharing memory... ! ...share memory by communicating
go
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painless multithreaded programming for ruby
Tony Arcieri Tim Carey-Smith Ben Langfeld @bascule @halorgium @benlangfeld The
Maintainers
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a concurrent object oriented programming framework which lets you build
multithreaded programs out of concurrent objects just as easily as you build sequential programs out of regular objects
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based upon the actor model
actor model first proposed way back in 1970
actor model actors are isolated within lightweight processes
actor model actors possess identity
actor model absolutely no shared state
actor model actors don’t need to compete for locks
actor model are sent messages asynchronously
actor model messages are buffered by a mailbox
actor model the actor works off each message sequentially
actor model has implementations in many languages
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celluloid actors automatically synchronize state
1 class Actor! 2 attr_reader :counter! 3 ! 4 def
initialize! 5 @counter = 0! 6 @mutex = Mutex.new! 7 end! 8 ! 9 def increment! 10 @mutex.synchronize do! 11 @counter += 1! 12 end! 13 end! 14 end!
with celluloid the same example...
1 require "celluloid"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 attr_reader :counter! 6 ! 7 def initialize! 8 @counter = 0! 9 end! 10 ! 11 def increment! 12 @counter += 1! 13 end! 14 end!
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celluloid actors are active objects living within threads
1 require "celluloid"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 end! 6 ! 7 actor = Actor.new! 8 actor.inspect! 9 #=> <Celluloid::ActorProxy(Actor:0x3feaecbb38e0)>! 10 ! 11 Thread.main! 12 #=> <Thread:0x007f86290b8ce8 run>! 13 ! 14 actor.thread! 15 #=> <Thread:0x007f862ad27a78 sleep>!
1 module Celluloid! 2 module ClassMethods! 3 # Create a
new actor! 4 def new(*args, &block)! 5 proxy = Actor.new(allocate, actor_options).proxy! 6 proxy._send_(:initialize, *args, &block)! 7 proxy! 8 end! 9 #...! 10 end! 11 #...! 12 end!
celluloid actors messages you send are buffered via the actor’s
mailbox...
celluloid actors ... until the actor is ready to act
upon them
______________! < ETOOMANYACTS >! --------------! \ ^__^! \ (oo)\_______! (__)\
)\/\! ||----w |! || ||! !
celluloid actors no pattern matching just regular messages
celluloid actors poll their mailbox in a message loop
1 class Actor! 2 # Wrap the given subject with
an Actor! 3 def initialize(subject, options = {})! 4 @subject = subject! 5 @mailbox = options[:mailbox] || Mailbox.new! 6 @running = true! 7 ! 8 @thread = ThreadHandle.new(:actor) do! 9 setup_thread! 10 run! 11 end! 12 #...! 13 end! 14 #...! 15 end!
1 class Actor! 2 def run! 3 #...! 4 while
@running! 5 if message = @mailbox.receive(timeout_interval)! 6 handle_message message! 7 else! 8 # No message indicates a timeout! 9 @timers.fire! 10 @receivers.fire_timers! 11 end! 12 end! 13 #...! 14 shutdown! 15 end! 16 end!
celluloid actors act upon messages sequentially
what about ordering? no guarantees
celluloid actors dispatch calls within fibers
fibers? cooperative lightweight user space some gotchas...
celluloid actors can dispatch synchronously
1 require "celluloid"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 ! 6 def compute_all_the_things! 7 sleep 2! 8 puts "42"! 9 end! 10 end! 11 ! 12 actor = Actor.new! 13 actor.compute_all_the_things! 14 puts "done!"! ! #=> 42! #=> done!! blocking
celluloid actors can dispatch asynchronously
1 require "celluloid"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 ! 6 def compute_all_the_things! 7 sleep 2! 8 puts "42"! 9 end! 10 end! 11 ! 12 actor = Actor.new! 13 actor.async.compute_all_the_things! 14 puts "done!"! 15 ! 16 #=> done!! 17 #=> 42! returns immediately
celluloid actors can perform tasks in futures
1 require "celluloid"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 ! 6 def compute_all_the_things! 7 sleep 2! 8 "42"! 9 end! 10 end! 11 ! 12 actor = Actor.new! 13 future = actor.future.compute_all_the_things! 14 puts "done!"! 15 puts future.value! 16 ! 17 #=> done!! 18 #=> 42! returns immediately blocks until a value is yielded
celluloid actors are accessible by reference or name
1 require "celluloid"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 ! 6 def compute_all_the_things! 7 sleep 2! 8 puts "42"! 9 end! 10 end! 11 ! 12 actor = Actor.new! 13 Celluloid::Actor[:foo] = actor! 14 ! 15 actor.inspect! 16 #=> <Celluloid::ActorProxy(Actor:0x3feb3ec11308)>! 17 Celluloid::Actor[:foo].inspect! 18 #=> <Celluloid::ActorProxy(Actor:0x3feb3ec11308)>!
celluloid actors are fault tolerant ... let it crash!
1 require "celluloid/autostart"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 ! 6 def compute_all_the_things! 7 puts "42"! 8 end! 9 ! 10 def zomg_crash! 11 raise "derp!"! 12 end! 13 end! 14 ! 15 supervisor = Actor.supervise_as :foo! 16 ! 17 begin! 18 Celluloid::Actor[:foo].zomg_crash! 19 rescue! 20 puts "whoops"! 21 end! 22 ! 23 Celluloid::Actor[:foo].compute_all_the_things! 24 ! 25 #=> whoops! 26 #=> 42! crash the actor fresh actor take care of me!
celluloid actors can be arranged as pooled workers
1 require "celluloid"! 2 ! 3 class Actor! 4 include
Celluloid! 5 ! 6 def compute_all_the_things! 7 sleep 1! 8 puts "42"! 9 end! 10 end! 11 ! 12 pool = Actor.pool! 13 ! 14 4.times { pool.compute_all_the_things }! 15 ! 16 #=> 42! 17 #=> 42 and so on...! size*cores load up the workers
there’s more timers links supervision groups pub/sub conditions
that low hanging fruit? yeah, about that...
but there is one tip! blocking I/O... don’t
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an event-driven IO system for building fast, scalable network applications
that integrate directly with celluloid actors
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unlike certain other evented I/O systems which limit you to
a single event loop per process Celluloid::IO lets you make as many actors as you want system resources permitting
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a distributed extension to celluloid which provides distributed and concurrent
objects for ruby that are both robust and fault-tolerant
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a fast non-blocking and evented web server. Thanks to celluloid,
Reel works great for multithreaded applications and provides traditional multithreaded blocking IO support too.
EXPERIMENTAL or broken as it is known outside of OSS
to summarise...
the future of ruby concurrency and parallelism?
thanks! @benlovell ?