Ruby MVC from scratch with Rack

Ruby MVC from scratch with Rack
I
Marco Schaden | @donschado | 23.08.2014
RedFrog Conf

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there was a rack application
handling 10.000+ req/sec
once upon a time
http://www.madebymarket.com/blog/dev/ruby-web-benchmark-report.html

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DISCLAIMER
no live coding: but we write and refactor a lot of code!
simple codez: examples try to be more obvious than "SOLID"!
• a newbie will learn some cool tricks!
• a pro will ﬁnd a lot to complain ;)!
!seriously: this presentation contains all the memes, sorry

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Rack is the foundation of all modern Ruby web frameworks

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the future?

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(this was less than a week before my talk @froscon)

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https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rack-devel/P8oOycVBaH0

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no worries

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Rack 2.0, or Rack for the Future
https://gist.github.com/raggi/11c3491561802e573a47
https://docs.google.com/document/d/ 
1Ltwk-NJeJHIZy7yqLi5XBxAnclRqWwOQBOzb4EYJGO4/
https://gist.github.com/rkh/d99f0bf820de79b8d59b
https://github.com/tenderlove/the_metal
http://tenderlovemaking.com/2011/03/03/rack-api-is-awkward.html

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status quo

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http://chneukirchen.org/talks/euruko-2007/neukirchen07introducingrack.pdf
• speciﬁcation!
• implementation!
• minimal abstract API for HTTP!
• Request: CGI environment!
• Response: status, headers, body
common interface
between
server and application

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Write once, run "everywhere"
WEBrick!
Thin!
Puma!
Unicorn!
Passenger!
Torqbox / Torquebox!
Trinidad!
Mongrel!
Pow!
CGI!
SCGI!
FastCGI!
Ebb!
Fuzed!
Litespeed!
…

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RackApp
+call(env)
A rack application is any Ruby object that responds to call. !
!
It takes the environment hash as argument!
and returns an array of exactly three values: !
the status, the headers and the body*!
!
*which must respond to each

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<<"show"me"the"code">>

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!
->(env) { }

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!
->(env) { }
[ ]

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!
->(env) { }
[ ]
200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ['Hello World!']

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!
->(env) { }
*run means "call that object for each request"
run [ ]

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!
->(env) { }
# config.ru
run [ ]

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!
->(env) { }
$ rackup
127.0.0.1 - - [23/Aug/2014 10:50:07] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0007
[2014-08-23 10:50:00] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2014-08-23 10:50:00] INFO ruby 2.1.1 (2014-02-24) [x86_64-darwin13.0]
[2014-08-23 10:50:00] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=11802 port=9292
# config.ru
run [ ]

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!
->(env) { }
$ rackup
127.0.0.1 - - [23/Aug/2014 10:50:07] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0.0007
[2014-08-23 10:50:00] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2014-08-23 10:50:00] INFO ruby 2.1.1 (2014-02-24) [x86_64-darwin13.0]
[2014-08-23 10:50:00] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=11802 port=9292
SHIP IT
# config.ru
run [ ]

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, read it: https://github.com/rack/rack
How does it work?
seriously

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HTML + ERB

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# config.ru
run -> e { [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/html'}, ['Hello World!']] }

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# config.ru
run -> e { Rack::Response.new('Hello World!') }

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# config.ru
run -> e { Rack::Response.new(view) }

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# config.ru
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
view = <<-HTML

Rack with HTML

Hello World!

HTML

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# config.ru
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
require 'erb'
view = <<-HTML

Rack with

Hello World!

HTML
ERB
Current time: <%= Time.now %>

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# config.ru
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
require 'erb'
view = <<-HTML

Rack with

Hello World!

HTML
ERB
Current time: <%= Time.now %>
ERB.new(view).result) }

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Current time: 2014-08-23 10:54:29 +0200

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MVC

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froscon-rack-mvc

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frack-mvc

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" " &$ application.html.erb
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
source "https://rubygems.org"
!
gem 'rack'
gem 'thin'
gem 'tilt'

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru

Frack MVC

application#layout
<%= yield %>

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
users#index

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
# Your code goes here...
end
end
end
end
!
use Rack::CommonLogger
use Rack::ContentLength
run Frack::Application
*use adds a middleware to the rack application stack created by Rack::Builder.

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
Rack::Response.new(env)
*use adds a middleware to the rack application stack created by Rack::Builder.

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["SERVER_SOFTWARE",."thin.1.6.2.codename.Doc.Brown"]
["SERVER_NAME",."localhost"]["rack.input",.
#@input=#>]["rack.version",.[1,.
0]]["rack.errors",.#0x007fc0421e1cc0.@error=#>>]
["rack.multithread",.false]["rack.multiprocess",.false]
["rack.run_once",.false]["REQUEST_METHOD",."GET"]
["REQUEST_PATH",."/"]["PATH_INFO",."/"]["REQUEST_URI",."/"]
["HTTP_VERSION",."HTTP/1.1"]["HTTP_USER_AGENT",."curl/
7.30.0"]["HTTP_HOST",."localhost:9292"]["HTTP_ACCEPT",."*/
*"]["GATEWAY_INTERFACE",."CGI/1.2"]["SERVER_PORT",."9292"]
["QUERY_STRING",.""]["SERVER_PROTOCOL",."HTTP/1.1"]
["rack.url_scheme",."http"]["SCRIPT_NAME",.""]
["REMOTE_ADDR",."127.0.0.1"]["async.callback",.#Thin::Connection#post_process>]["async.close",.
#]

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
Rack::Response.new( )
end
end
end
end
!
env

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
Rack::Response.new(render 'users/index')
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
!

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
render 'users/index'
end
end
end
!

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
end
!

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
render_template('layouts/application') do
end
end
end
!

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
render_template(view)
end
end
end
end
end
!

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
def render_template(path, &block)
end
end
end
!

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
Tilt.new("app/views/#{path}.html.erb").render(&block)
end
end
end
end
!

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application#layout!
!
users#index

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application#layout!
!
users#index
but can I haz style?

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
end

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
!
!
!
!
!
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
!
!
!
!
!
&$ config.ru
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru
html { font-family: sans-serif; }
h1 { color: #008040; }
h2 { color: #ff0080; }

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

Frack MVC
!

application#layout
<%= yield %>

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
end
end
end
!
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
end
use Rack::Static, root: 'public', urls: ['/images', '/js', '/css']
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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application#layout
!
users#index

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application#layout
!
users#index
what about simple routing?

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application#layout
!
users#index
what about simple routing?
and list some users?

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["SERVER_SOFTWARE",."thin.1.6.2.codename.Doc.Brown"]
["SERVER_NAME",."localhost"]["rack.input",.
#@input=#>]["rack.version",.[1,.
0]]["rack.errors",.#0x007fc0421e1cc0.@error=#>>]
["rack.multithread",.false]["rack.multiprocess",.false]
["rack.run_once",.false]["REQUEST_METHOD",."GET"]
["REQUEST_PATH",""/"]["PATH_INFO",""/"]["REQUEST_URI",."/"]
["HTTP_VERSION",."HTTP/1.1"]["HTTP_USER_AGENT",."curl/
7.30.0"]["HTTP_HOST",."localhost:9292"]["HTTP_ACCEPT",."*/
*"]["GATEWAY_INTERFACE",."CGI/1.2"]["SERVER_PORT",."9292"]
["QUERY_STRING",.""]["SERVER_PROTOCOL",."HTTP/1.1"]
["rack.url_scheme",."http"]["SCRIPT_NAME",.""]
["REMOTE_ADDR",."127.0.0.1"]["async.callback",.#Thin::Connection#post_process>]["async.close",.
#]
remember env?

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
if env['PATH_INFO'] == '/'
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
else
Rack::Response.new('Not found', 404)
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new("app/views/#{path}.html.erb").render(
end
end
end
end
!
else
end
&block)
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
else
end
@users = ['Anthony Stark', 'Peter Parker', 'Bruce Wayne']
&block)
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
else
end
&block)
self,
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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users#index
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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users#index
!
!
!
!
!

<% @users.each do |user| %>
<%= user %>
<% end %>

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru

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not sure if MVC…

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new("app/views/#{path}.html.erb").render(self, &block)
end
end
end
end
!
render 'users/index')
Rack::Response.new(
else
end
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
Rack::Response.new(
else
end
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
end
!
Rack::Response.new(
else
end
end
UsersController.new.index)

View Slide

$LOAD_PATH << '.'
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
Rack::Response.new(UsersController.new.index)
else
end
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru
end
end
class BaseController
def render(view)
end
end
!
end

View Slide

end
end
end
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru
class UsersController < Frack::BaseController
def index
@users = User.all
end
end

View Slide

end
end
end
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
&$ config.ru
def index
@users = User.all
end
end
class User
def self.all
['Anthony Stark', 'Peter Parker', 'Bruce Wayne']
end
end

View Slide

View Slide

PROVE IT!

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
!
!
!
!
&$ config.ru

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
!
!
!
!
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru

View Slide

require 'spec_helper'
!
Capybara.app = Rack::Builder.new do
eval(File.read(File.expand_path('./config.ru')))
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
!
!
!
!
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru

View Slide

require 'spec_helper'
!
Capybara.app = Rack::Builder.new do
eval(File.read(File.expand_path('./config.ru')))
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
!
!
!
!
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
describe 'users#index' do
before { visit '/' }
it 'renders layout' do
expect(page).to have_content('application#layout')
end
it 'renders index view' do
expect(page).to have_content('users#index')
end
it 'shows a list of users' do
expect(page).to have_selector('li',
text: /Stark|Parker|Wayne/, count: 3)
end
end
&$ config.ru

View Slide

$ rspec
!
users#index
renders layout
renders index view
shows a list of users
!
Finished in 0.02326 seconds
3 examples, 0 failures
!
Randomized with seed 13626

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
else
end
end
end
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
!
def index
@users = User.all
end
end
!
class User
def self.all
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
module Frack
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
else
end
end
end
end
!
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end
end
!
def index
@users = User.all
end
end
!
class User
def self.all
end
end
REFACTOR
ALL THE FRACK

View Slide

!
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app

View Slide

" #$ controllers
" " &$ users_controller.rb
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " #$ application.rb
" " #$ base_controller.rb
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
!
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def index
@users = User.all
end
end
class User
def self.all
end
end
module Frack
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
else
end
end
end
end
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def index
@users = User.all
end
end
class User
def self.all
end
end
require 'app/controllers/users_controller'
module Frack
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
else
end
end
end
end
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def index
@users = User.all
end
end
class User
def self.all
end
end
require 'app/models/user'
module Frack
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
else
end
end
end
end
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
def index
@users = User.all
end
end
class User
def self.all
end
end
require 'lib/frack'
module Frack
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
class Application
class << self
def call(env)
else
end
end
end
end
def render(view)
end
end
!
end
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
!
require 'lib/frack'
!

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
!
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
autoload :Application, 'frack/application'
autoload :BaseController, 'frack/base_controller'
end

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
"app/views/#{ }.html. ).render(self, &block)
end
end
erb"
path

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
"app/views/#{ }.html. ).render(self, &block)
end
end
*"
path

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
).render(self, &block)
end
end
path

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
end
end
file( )
path

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
end
end
def file(path)
Dir[ ]
end
file( )
path

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
end
end
def file(path)
Dir[ ]
end
File.join('app', 'views', "#{path}.html.*")
file( )
path

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
end
end
def file(path)
Dir[ ]
end
File.join('app', 'views', "#{path}.html.*") .first
file( )
path

View Slide

module Frack
def render(view)
end
end
!
Tilt.new(
end
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
end
end
def file(path)
Dir[ ]
end
File.join('app', 'views', "#{path}.html.*") .first
file( )
path
AWESOME! 
support all the template engines

View Slide

MVC

View Slide

better routing?
MVC

View Slide

better routing?
magic?
MVC

View Slide

What if the router could be middleware?

View Slide

Middleware Stack
*a middleware is a rack application that wraps up an inner application.

View Slide

Middleware Stack
HTTP request

View Slide

Middleware Stack
use Rack::Static
HTTP request

View Slide

Middleware Stack
use Rack::Static
HTTP request
HTTP response

View Slide

Middleware Stack
use Rack::Static
HTTP request
HTTP response
module Rack
class ContentLength
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
status, headers, body = @app.call(env)
# [...]
# headers['Content-Length'] = length.to_s
# [...]
[status, headers, body]
end
end
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
!
require 'lib/frack'
!
!

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
!
require 'lib/frack'
!
!
use Frack::Router

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
!
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
!
end

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
!
require 'rack'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
!
end
autoload :Router, 'frack/router'

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
app.call(env)
end
end
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
app.call(env)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
{ 'controller' => 'users', 'action' => 'index' },

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
if (mapping = ROUTES[env['PATH_INFO']])
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(mapping)
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(mapping)
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(mapping)
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
mapping)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
def controller_action(mapping)
mapping)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
controller_action( )
mapping)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
Hash[ %w(controller action).zip mapping.split('#') ]
end
mapping)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
end
mapping)
!
!
end
or keep it simple…

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
end
mapping)
!
!
end
controller, action = mapping.split('#')

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
end
end
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
end
mapping)
!
!
end
{ 'controller' => controller, 'action' => action }

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
else
end
Rack::Response.new(
end
end
end
def call(env)
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
Rack::Response.new(
end
end
end
def call(env)
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
*dispatch)
Rack::Response.new(
end
end
end
def call(env)
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
*dispatch)
Rack::Response.new(
end
end
end
def call(env)
attr_accessor :env
self.env = env
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
*dispatch)
Rack::Response.new(
end
end
end
def call(env)
attr_accessor :env
self.env = env
end
def dispatch
controller.new.public_send(env['action'])
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
*dispatch)
Rack::Response.new(
end
end
end
def call(env)
attr_accessor :env
self.env = env
end
def dispatch
end
def controller

View Slide

module Frack
class Application
class << self
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
*dispatch)
Rack::Response.new(
end
end
end
def call(env)
attr_accessor :env
self.env = env
end
def dispatch
end
def controller
Object.const_get(env['controller'].capitalize + 'Controller')
end

View Slide

What if the router could take a block?

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
!
require 'lib/frack'
!
!
!
!
!
use Frack::Router

View Slide

frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH << '.'
!
require 'lib/frack'
!
!
!
!
!
use Frack::Router do
match '/' => 'users#index'
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
if (mapping = [env['PATH_INFO']])
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
end
mapping)
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end
ROUTES

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
ROUTES = {
'/' =>
}
app.call(env)
'users#index'
end
mapping)
, :routes
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end
ROUTES

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
app.call(env)
end
mapping)
, :routes
routes
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
app.call(env)
end
mapping)
, :routes
routes
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end
, &block)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
app.call(env)
end
mapping)
, :routes
@routes = {}
routes
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end
, &block)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
app.call(env)
end
mapping)
, :routes
@routes = {}
instance_eval(&block) if block_given?
routes
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end
, &block)

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module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
app.call(env)
end
mapping)
, :routes
@routes = {}
routes
def match(route)
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end
, &block)

View Slide

module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
def call(env)
!
!
!
!
!
end
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
env.merge!(
else
end
app.call(env)
end
mapping)
, :routes
@routes = {}
routes
def match(route)
self.routes.merge!(route)
end
def initialize(app)
@app = app
end
end
, &block)

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what do we have now?

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH.unshift '.'
!
require 'lib/frack'
!
# use Rack::CommonLogger
use Frack::Router do
match '/' => 'users#index'
end
!

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
$LOAD_PATH.unshift File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
!
require 'rack'
require 'erb'
require 'tilt'
!
module Frack
autoload :Router, 'frack/router'
end

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
module Frack
class Router
attr_reader :app, :routes
!
def initialize(app, &block)
@app = app
@routes = {}
end
!
def call(env)
if (mapping = routes[env['PATH_INFO']])
env.merge!(controller_action(mapping))
app.call(env)
else
end
end
!
{ 'controller' => controller, 'action' => action }
end
!
def match(route)
self.routes.merge!(route)
end
end
end

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
module Frack
class Application
class << self
attr_accessor :env
!
def call(env)
self.env = env
Rack::Response.new(*dispatch)
end
!
def dispatch
controller.new(env).public_send(env['action'])
end
!
def controller
Object.const_get(env['controller'].capitalize + 'Controller')
end
end
end
end

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frack-mvc
"
#$ Gemfile
#$ app
" #$ controllers
" #$ models
" " &$ user.rb
" &$ views
" #$ layouts
" &$ users
" &$ index.html.erb
#$ lib
" #$ frack
" " &$ router.rb
" &$ frack.rb
#$ public
" #$ css
" " &$ style.css
" #$ images
" &$ js
#$ spec
" #$ integration
" " &$ user_spec.rb
" &$ spec_helper.rb
&$ config.ru
module Frack
attr_reader :env
!
def initialize(env)
@env = env
end
!
def render(view)
render_template(layout) do
end
end
!
Tilt.new(file(path)).render(self, &block)
end
!
def file(path)
Dir[File.join('app', 'views', "#{path}.html.*")].first
end
!
def layout
File.join('layouts', 'application')
end
end
end

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in ~ 50-100 LOC
MVC

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I haven't shown you all of it

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Rebuilding Rails features, is a great opportunity to learn how they work.

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Challenges for the curious ones:
!
• params!
• redirect_to!
• partial rendering!
• implicit call to render!
• routing with placeholders!
• routing with speciﬁc http verbs!
• error handling!
• session management!
• ﬂash messages!
• persistence!
• security stuff and protection!
• different mime types!
• url helper!
• better class loading / autoloading!
• asset management
Rebuilding Rails features, is a great opportunity to learn how they work.

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YES, you should deﬁnitely do this at home
*but maybe not in production
or just <3 the Rails core team
deﬁnitely checkout: http://lotusrb.org/
WHY?
maybe you come up with the next big framework…

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2014.RailsCamp.de

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RedFrog Conf
kthxbye

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RedFrog Conf
Marco @DonSchado - 17 Std. 
rackup -r rack/lobster -b 'run Rack::Lobster.new'

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Backup

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Appendix: Rack in the wild

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http://guides.rubyonrails.org/rails_on_rack.html

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\m/
ActionController::Metal

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http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Metal.html
class HelloController < ActionController::Metal
def index
self.response_body = "Hello World!"
end
end
get 'hello', to: HelloController.action(:index)
*returns a valid Rack application for the Rails router to dispatch to

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def index
end
end
OMG WHY?

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def index
end
end
• maybe to extract lightweight micro services
OMG WHY?

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def index
end
end
• to improve the performance of any API endpoint
OMG WHY?

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def index
end
end
• because all beneﬁts of rails are "just a few" includes away
OMG WHY?

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def index
end
end
• because all beneﬁts of rails are "just a few" includes away
OMG WHY?
include AbstractController::Rendering
include ActionView::Layouts
append_view_path "#{Rails.root}/app/views"
!
def index
render "hello/index"
end
!
# Ensure ActiveSupport::Notifications events are fired
include ActionController::Instrumentation
end

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Backup Backup

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http://www.madebymarket.com/blog/dev/ruby-web-benchmark-report.html
"every possible rack server on every possible Ruby, every possible web framework"

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Spoiler Alert!

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"The fastest framework is Rack. !
Plain old Rack with no framework at all."
Ruby 2.1 + Thin + Rack can hit 6301 req/sec
=> Sinatra only manages !! ! 2505 req/sec.
=> Rails only does ! ! ! ! 1455 req/sec
"So, by simply using those frameworks on top of Rack,  
you give up over 60% of your maximum possible throughput."
Spoiler Alert!

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Spoiler spoiler Alert!
On a plain old Rack app it did 10.159 req/sec.
+
"Standard Ruby + Thin/Unicorn + Rails !
is about the slowest possible combination"
the fastest:

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*I think these benchmarks are a little bit unfair, !
when you compare a full rails stack vs. a rack one-liner.!
But I think the main message is valid:!
Do you need the full stack for every request?
Logging
Sessions
Cookies
Security
Caching
Error Handling
Routing

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that’s all

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Ruby MVC from scratch with Rack

Ruby MVC from scratch with Rack

DonSchado

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