Evolving Battery Technologies - Safety Considerations

Benoit HELLEBUYCK, IPF - Belgium

Transcript

1. Evolving Battery Technologies Safety Considerations BENOIT HELLEBUYCK, MSC ELECTROMECHANICAL ENGINEER. INTERNATIONAL POLAR FOUNDATION WWW.POLARFOUNDATION.ORG
2. Evolving Battery Technologies Safety Considerations Benoit Hellebuyck, Msc electromechanical engineer. International polar foundation www.polarfoundation.org
3. Denis Hellebuyck, Ir. Benoit Hellebuyck, Ing. • Master’s degree in Fire Safety Engineering • Fire Safety Consultant Battery Technologies • EU Infrastructure and Transportation expertise • Research and development of dielectric liquids and fire safety • Multiple startups • MSC Industrial Engineering - EM • Founder Lelieur BV – Energy Systems & ML Vision projects • Safety Engineer IPF • Formerly composites protoyping at GKN Aerospace and Intern at FAO of the UN
4. Our built environment is wholly not designed for batteries 4
6. Energy Storage Technologies Mechanical • Compressed Air • Flywheel • Gravity Storage Technologies Electrochemical • Lead Acid • Li-Ion (LCO, LMO, NMC, LFP, • Flow (Zinc Bromine, Vanadium) • Zinc (Zn-Air, ZnMnO2) Thermal • Molten Salt • Latent Ice- Storage • Thermochemical Electrical • Super capacitors • Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage Hydrogen Based • Power-to-Power (fuel cells, etc) • Power to Gas 6 batteries
7. Why Batteries? Credit: X-Change Batteries. The Domino Effect. Dec 2023. RMI 7
8. Why Lithium Ion? Credit: X-Change Batteries. The Domino Effect. Dec 2023. RMI; Benchmark Mineral Intelligence 8
9. Lithium Ion Chemistries & Needs Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) https://www.flashbattery.tech/en/types-of-lithium-batteries-which-chemistry-use/ 9 Energy Capacity Supply Chain Life Cycle Cost Recycling Safety Charging Power
10. Relative Size (kWh) 60-100 Wh 150-750 Wh 5-20 kWh 40-80 kWh 212 kWh 80 kWh – 5 MWh+ 1200 MWh+ Moss Landing 10 700-900 kWh
11. ESS Arrangements • Cells • Modules • Racks • Units Cell Module Rack 11
12. THE PROBLEM(S) 13
13. THE PROBLEM(S) FIRE 14
14. Explosion Hazards – UT Video (3) 15
15. THE PROBLEM(S) FIRE DEFLAGRATION 16
16. Thermal Runaway Heating Venting Thermal Runaway Propagation Venting ~ 120 - 160 ° C TR Usually ~160-200 °C1 17
17. APPROACHING THE PROBLEM FIRE 18
18. APPROACHING THE PROBLEM FIRE 19 SEPARATE
19. APPROACHING THE PROBLEM FIRE DEFLAGRATION 20 STOICHIOMETRIC RATIO 29,5 VOL%
20. APPROACHING THE PROBLEM FIRE DEFLAGRATION 21 STOICHIOMETRIC RATIO 29,5 VOL% VENT IGNITE
21. Layered Approach to Safety! Chemistry Mfg. QC Listings HVAC Battery Mgmt. System Comms Locations Exposures Explosion Control Detection Suppression Water Supply Emergency Response Signage Training Commission & Maint. 22
23. Construction Documents Location/Layout Mfg Specs, Ratings, and Listings Active Systems Fire Ratings Batery Management System Support (Seismic, pads, etc) ESS Quantity/Type Signage 24 Emergency evacuation
24. Failure Mechanisms – Mechanical Abuse 25
25. THANK YOU! Benoit Hellebuyck, Ing. www.polarfoundation.org Benoit.Hellebuyck@polarfoundation.org +32 498 358 965
26. Denis Hellebuyck, Ir. www.atarfire.com Denis@atarfire.com +39 347 917 9805