Annotation Processing Boilerplate Destruction (Square Waterloo 2014)

Annotation Processing
Jake Wharton
Boilerplate Destruction!

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JSR 269

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JSR 269
• 6 months after Java 5 released

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JSR 269
• “Pluggable Annotation Processing API”

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JSR 269
• Preceded by doclet and apt standalone tools

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JSR 269
• Google, Oracle, Sun, BEA Systems sponsored

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JSR 269
• Simplify and standardize processing annotations

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JSR 269
• Simplify and standardize processing annotations
• No standalone tool, part of javac

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AutoValue
@AutoValue 
abstract class Animal { 
static Animal create(String name, int numberOfLegs) { 
return new AutoValue_Animal(name, numberOfLegs); 
}
 
abstract String name(); 
abstract int numberOfLegs(); 
}
github.com/google/auto/

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AutoValue github.com/google/auto/
final class AutoValue_Animal extends Animal { 
private final String name; 
private final int numberOfLegs; 
 
AutoValue_Animal( 
String name, 
int numberOfLegs) { 
if (name == null) { 
throw new NullPointerException("Null name"); 
} 
this.name = name; 
this.numberOfLegs = numberOfLegs; 
} 
 
@Override 
String name() { 
return name; 
} 
 
@Override 
int numberOfLegs() { 
return numberOfLegs; 
} 
 
@Override 
public String toString() { 
return "Animal{" 
+ "name=" + name 
+ ", numberOfLegs=" + numberOfLegs 
+ "}"; 
} 
 
@Override 
public boolean equals(Object o) { 
if (o == this) { 
return true; 
} 
if (o instanceof Animal) { 
Animal that = (Animal) o; 
return (this.name.equals(that.name())) 
&& (this.numberOfLegs == that.numberOfLegs()); 
} 
return false; 
} 
 
@Override 
public int hashCode() { 
int h = 1; 
h *= 1000003; 
h ^= name.hashCode(); 
h *= 1000003; 
h ^= numberOfLegs; 
return h; 
} 
}

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AutoValue github.com/google/auto/
final class AutoValue_Animal extends Animal { 
 
AutoValue_Animal( 
String name, 
} 
} 
 
@Override 
String name() { 
return name; 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
 
@Override 
return "Animal{" 
+ "name=" + name 
+ "}"; 
} 
 
@Override 
if (o == this) { 
return true; 
} 
} 
return false; 
} 
 
@Override 
int h = 1; 
h *= 1000003; 
h *= 1000003; 
return h; 
} 
}
Final ﬁelds
Constructor
Getters
.toString()
.equals()
.hashCode()

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AutoParcel github.com/frankiesardo/auto-parcel/
@AutoParcel 
abstract class Animal implements Parcelable { 
static Animal create(String name, int numberOfLegs) { 
return new AutoParcel_Animal(name, numberOfLegs); 
}
 
abstract String name(); 
abstract int numberOfLegs(); 
}

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AutoParcel
final class AutoParcel_Animal extends Animal { 
 
AutoParcel_Animal( 
String name, 
} 
} 
 
@Override 
String name() { 
return name; 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
 
@Override 
return "Animal{" 
+ "name=" + name 
+ "}"; 
} 
 
@Override 
if (o == this) { 
return true; 
} 
} 
return false; 
} 
 
@Override 
int h = 1; 
h *= 1000003; 
h *= 1000003; 
return h; 
} 
 
public static final Parcelable.Creator CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator() { 
@Override public Animal createFromParcel(Parcel in) { 
return new AutoParcel_Animal(in); 
} 
@Override public Animal[] newArray(int size) { 
return new Animal[size]; 
} 
}; 
 
private final static ClassLoader CL = AutoParcel_Animal.class.getClassLoader(); 
 
private AutoParcel_Animal(Parcel in) { 
this( 
(String) in.readValue(CL), 
(Integer) in.readValue(CL)); 
} 
 
@Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { 
dest.writeValue(name); 
dest.writeValue(numberOfLegs); 
} 
 
@Override public int describeContents() { 
return 0; 
} 
}
github.com/frankiesardo/auto-parcel/

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AutoParcel
final class AutoParcel_Animal extends Animal { 
 
AutoParcel_Animal( 
String name, 
} 
} 
 
@Override 
String name() { 
return name; 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
 
@Override 
return "Animal{" 
+ "name=" + name 
+ "}"; 
} 
 
@Override 
if (o == this) { 
return true; 
} 
} 
return false; 
} 
 
@Override 
int h = 1; 
h *= 1000003; 
h *= 1000003; 
return h; 
} 
 
public static final Parcelable.Creator CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator() { 
@Override public Animal createFromParcel(Parcel in) { 
return new AutoParcel_Animal(in); 
} 
@Override public Animal[] newArray(int size) { 
return new Animal[size]; 
} 
}; 
 
private final static ClassLoader CL = AutoParcel_Animal.class.getClassLoader(); 
 
private AutoParcel_Animal(Parcel in) { 
this( 
(String) in.readValue(CL), 
(Integer) in.readValue(CL)); 
} 
 
@Override public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { 
dest.writeValue(name); 
dest.writeValue(numberOfLegs); 
} 
 
@Override public int describeContents() { 
return 0; 
} 
}
Final ﬁelds
Constructor
Getters
.toString()
.equals()
.hashCode()
github.com/frankiesardo/auto-parcel/
CREATOR
Parcel constructor
Parcel writer

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Butter Knife
class SimpleActivity extends Activity { 
@InjectView(R.id.title)
TextView title; 
@InjectView(R.id.hello)
Button hello; 
@InjectView(R.id.list_of_things)
ListView listOfThings; 
@OnClick(R.id.hello)
void sayHello() { 
Toast.makeText(this, "Hello, views!", LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
}
!
 
// ... 
}
jakewharton.github.io/butterknife/

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Butter Knife jakewharton.github.io/butterknife/
static void inject(Finder finder, final SimpleActivity target,
Object source) { 
View view; 
view = finder.findRequired(source, 2130968576, "field 'title'"); 
target.title = (android.widget.TextView) view; 
view = finder.findRequired(source, 2130968578,
"field 'hello' and method 'sayHello'"); 
target.hello = (android.widget.Button) view; 
view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { 
@Override public void onClick(View p0) { 
target.sayHello(); 
} 
}); 
view = finder.findRequired(source, 2130968579, "field 'listOfThings'");
target.listOfThings = (android.widget.ListView) view; 
}

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Dagger square.github.io/dagger/
@Module(injects = CoffeeApp.class) 
class DripCoffeeModule { 
@Provides @Singleton Heater provideHeater() { 
return new ElectricHeater(); 
} 
 
@Provides Pump providePump(Thermosiphon pump) { 
return pump; 
} 
} 

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Dagger
class CoffeeMaker { 
@Inject Lazy heater; 
@Inject Pump pump; 
 
public void brew() { 
heater.get().on(); 
pump.pump(); 
System.out.println(" [_]P coffee! [_]P "); 
heater.get().off(); 
} 
} 
square.github.io/dagger/

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class DripCoffeeModule$$ModuleAdapter
extends ModuleAdapter {
 
@Override 
public void getBindings(BindingsGroup bindings,
DripCoffeeModule module) { 
bindings.contributeProvidesBinding("coffee.Heater",
new ProvideHeaterAdapter(module));
bindings.contributeProvidesBinding("coffee.Pump", 
new ProvidePumpAdapter(module)); 
}
}

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class ProvideHeaterProvidesAdapter
extends ProvidesBinding {
 
private final DripCoffeeModule module; 
 
public ProvideHeaterProvidesAdapter(DripCoffeeModule module) { 
this.module = module; 
} 
 
@Override 
public Heater get() { 
return module.provideHeater(); 
} 
}

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class CoffeeMaker$$InjectAdapter 
extends Binding { 
 
private Binding> heater; 
private Binding pump; 
 
CoffeeMaker$$InjectAdapter() { 
super("coffee.CoffeeMaker", CoffeeMaker.class); 
} 
 
@Override public void attach(Linker linker) { 
heater = linker.requestBinding("dagger.Lazy"); 
pump = linker.requestBinding("coffee.Pump"); 
}
!
// ... 
}

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// ... 
 
@Override public CoffeeMaker get() { 
CoffeeMaker result = new CoffeeMaker(); 
injectMembers(result); 
return result; 
} 
 
@Override public void injectMembers(CoffeeMaker object) { 
object.heater = heater.get(); 
object.pump = pump.get(); 
} 
}

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} 
 
return pump; 
} 
}
// ... 
}

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} 
 
return pump; 
} 
}
// ... 
}
 
 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
}

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} 
 
return pump; 
} 
}
// ... 
}
 
@Override 
}
}
 
 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
}

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} 
 
return pump; 
} 
}
// ... 
}
 
@Override 
}
}
 
 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
}
class ObjectGraph { 
// ... 
}

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} 
 
return pump; 
} 
}
// ... 
}
 
@Override 
}
}
 
 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
}
 
}
 
}
!
// ... 
}
class ObjectGraph { 
// ... 
}

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} 
 
return pump; 
} 
}
// ... 
}
 
@Override 
}
}
 
 
} 
 
@Override 
} 
}
 
}
 
}
!
// ... 
}

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Schematic
interface NoteColumns { 
 
@DataType(INTEGER) @PrimaryKey @AutoIncrement 
String _ID = "_id"; 
 
@DataType(INTEGER) @References(table = NotesDatabase.LISTS, 
column = ListColumns._ID) 
String LIST_ID = "listId"; 
 
@DataType(TEXT) String NOTE = "note"; 
}
github.com/SimonVT/schematic/

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Schematic
@Database(version = NotesDatabase.VERSION) 
public final class NotesDatabase { 
 
public static final int VERSION = 1; 
 
@Table(ListColumns.class) 
public static final String LISTS = "lists"; 
 
@Table(NoteColumns.class) 
public static final String NOTES = "notes"; 
 
}

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Schematic
@ContentProvider(authority = NotesProvider.AUTHORITY, 
database = NotesDatabase.class) 
public final class NotesProvider { 
// ... 
}

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Execution

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Execution
• Happens automatically when javac runs.

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Execution
• ServiceLoader ﬁnds and creates Processor instances.

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interface Processor { 
Set getSupportedOptions(); 
 
Set getSupportedAnnotationTypes(); 
 
SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion(); 
 
void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv); 
 
boolean process(Set extends TypeElement> annotations, 
RoundEnvironment roundEnv); 
 
Iterable extends Completion> getCompletions(Element element, 
AnnotationMirror annotation, 
ExecutableElement member, 
String userText); 
}

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public class ExampleProcessor extends AbstractProcessor { 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
}

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@Override public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() { 
 
} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
}

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return SourceVersion.latestSupported(); 
} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
}

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} 
 
@Override public Set getSupportedAnnotationTypes() { 
 
} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
}

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} 
 
return Collections.singleton(Example.class.getName()); 
} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
}

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} 
 
} 
 
@Override public boolean process( 
Set extends TypeElement> annotations, 
RoundEnvironment env) { 
 
} 
}

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// ... 
!
!
!
!
!
 
} 
}

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// ... 
 
Set extends Element> elements 
= env.getElementsAnnotatedWith(Example.class); 
 
 
 
 
 
} 
}

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// ... 
 
for (Element element : elements) { 
System.out.println(element); 
} 
 
 
} 
}

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// ... 
 
} 
 
return false; 
} 
}

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} 
 
} 
 
} 
return false; 
} 
}

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Execution

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Execution
• Inside a full JVM.

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Execution
• Compiled sources and its dependencies not available.

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Execution
• Compiled sources and its dependencies not available.
• Bring your own dependencies.

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Environment
interface Processor { 
Set getSupportedOptions(); 
 
Set getSupportedAnnotationTypes(); 
 
SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion(); 
 
void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv); 
 
boolean process(Set extends TypeElement> annotations, 
RoundEnvironment roundEnv); 
 
Iterable extends Completion> getCompletions(Element element, 
AnnotationMirror annotation, 
ExecutableElement member, 
String userText); 
}

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Processing Environment
interface ProcessingEnvironment { 
Map getOptions();
 
SourceVersion getSourceVersion(); 
 
Locale getLocale(); 
 
Messager getMessager(); 
 
Filer getFiler(); 
 
Elements getElementUtils(); 
 
Types getTypeUtils(); 
}

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Elements
@Example 
public class ExampleClass implements Runnable {
 
 
public ExampleClass(String name) { 
} 
 
@Override
public void run() { 
System.out.println("Hello, " + name); 
} 
}

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Elements
@Example 
 
 
} 
 
@Override
} 
}
TypeElement

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Elements
@Example 
 
 
} 
 
@Override
} 
}
TypeElement
VariableElement

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Elements
@Example 
 
 
} 
 
@Override
} 
}
TypeElement
VariableElement
ExecutableElement

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Elements
@Example 
 
 
} 
 
@Override
} 
}
TypeElement
VariableElement
ExecutableElement
ExecutableElement

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Types
@Example 
 
 
} 
 
@Override
} 
}

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Environment
// ... 
 
System.out.println(element 
} 
return false; 
} 
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
); 
 
 
 

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Environment
// ... 
 
System.out.println( ); 
} 
return false; 
} 
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
element.asType() 
 
 
 

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Environment
// ... 
 
System.out.println(element.asType()); 
} 
return false; 
} 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
public class RandomClass { 
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
ExampleProcessor OtherProcessor
javac

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
javac

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
ExampleProcessor

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
public class GeneratedClass { 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
ExampleProcessor

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
OtherProcessor

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
GeneratedClass.class
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
ExampleProcessor

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
OtherProcessor

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
OtherProcessor
public class OtherGenClass { 
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
// ... 
}
OtherGenClass.class
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
// ... 
}
ExampleProcessor
OtherGenClass.class
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
// ... 
}
OtherProcessor
OtherGenClass.class
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
javac
// ... 
}
OtherGenClass.class
// ... 
}

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Processing Rounds
@Example 
// ... 
}
javac
RandomClass.class
out/
@Other 
// ... 
}
@Example 
// ... 
}
@Other 
// ... 
}
// ... 
}
OtherGenClass.class
// ... 
}

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JavaCompiler

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ExampleProcessor
JavaCompiler
OtherProcessor

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ProcessingEnvironment
ExampleProcessor
JavaCompiler
Filer
OtherProcessor

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ExampleProcessor
JavaCompiler
Filer
OtherProcessor
init()
init()

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ExampleProcessor
JavaCompiler
RoundEnvironment
Filer
OtherProcessor
init()
init()

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ExampleProcessor
JavaCompiler
RoundEnvironment
Filer
OtherProcessor
init() process()
init()

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ExampleProcessor
JavaCompiler
RoundEnvironment
Filer
OtherProcessor
init() process()
init() process()

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Parsing and Generation
// ... 
 
 
 
 
} 
return false; 
} 
}

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// ... 
 
 
 
 
} 
return false; 
} 
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
// Look at attributes of 'element'. 
 
 
 
 

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// ... 
 
 
 
 
} 
return false; 
} 
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
// Look at attributes of 'element'. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
// Generate some code based on attributes. 
 
 
 

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return false; 
} 

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return false; 
} 
 
 
 
List models = parseExampleAnnotations(env);

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return false; 
} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
List parseExampleAnnotations(RoundEnvironment env) { 
// ... 
}

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return false; 
} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
for (ExampleModel model : models) { 
emitExampleCode(model); 
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
// ... 
}

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return false; 
} 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
for (ExampleModel model : models) { 
emitExampleCode(model); 
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
// ... 
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!
!
 
 
void emitExampleCode(ExampleModel model) { 
// ... 
}

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Element

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Element
ExampleModel
!
name: “Foo”
package: “com.example”
public: true

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Element
ExampleModel
!
name: “Foo”
public: true
ExampleModel
!
name: “Foo”
public: true
element:

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Element
ExampleModel
!
name: “Foo”
public: true
ExampleModel
!
name: “Foo”
public: true
element:
GeneratedClass

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Bring Your Own Dependencies

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• Guava, Guava, Guava!

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• JavaWriter

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• JavaWriter
• google/auto ‘common’

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• JavaWriter
• google/auto ‘common’
• AutoService (google/auto)

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JavaWriter

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JavaWriter
JavaFileObject sourceFile
= filer.createSourceFile(name, element);

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JavaWriter
!
!
!
JavaWriter writer = new JavaWriter(sourceFile.openWriter()); 
writer.emitPackage("com.example") 
.emitAnnotation(Other.class) 
.beginType("GeneratedClass", "class") 
.emitSingleLineComment("...") 
.endType();

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JavaWriter
!
!
@com.example.Other 
// ... 
}
!
!
!
.endType();

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JavaWriter
import com.example.Other;
!
@Other 
// ... 
}
!
!
!
.emitImports(Other.class) 
.endType();

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AutoService

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AutoService
• Remember “ServiceLoader ﬁnds and creates”

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AutoService
• AutoService generates service ﬁles from annotations

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AutoService
!
public class ExampleProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
// ...
}

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AutoService
!
public class ExampleProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
// ...
}
@AutoService(Processor.class)

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Testing and Debugging

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• Google to the rescue!

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• compile-testing

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• compile-testing
• Truth

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final class TestProcessors { 
static Iterable extends Processor> exampleProcessors() { 
return Collections.singletonList( 
new ExampleProcessor() 
); 
} 
}

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String input = Joiner.on('\n').join( 
"package test;", 
"import com.example.Example;", 
"@Example", 
"public class ExampleClass {", 
"}" 
);

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"package test;", 
"@Example", 
"}" 
);
JavaFileObject inputFile = 
JavaFileObjects.forSourceString("test.Test", input);

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JavaFileObject inputFile = 
JavaFileObjects.forSourceString("test.Test", input);
String input = """\ 
package test;
 
import com.example.Example;
 
@Example 
public class ExampleClass { 
}
"""
.stripIndent()

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String expected = Joiner.on('\n').join( 
"package test;", 
"import com.example.Other;", 
"@Other", 
"public class GeneratedClass {", 
"}" 
);

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"package test;", 
"@Other", 
"}" 
);
JavaFileObject expectedFile = 
JavaFileObjects.forSourceString("test.GeneratedClass", expected);

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ASSERT.about(javaSource()) 
.that(inputFile) 
.processedWith(exampleProcessors()) 
.compilesWithoutError() 
.and() 
.generatesSources(expectedFile);

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.that(inputFile) 
.and() 
"package test;", 
"@Example", 
"}" 
);

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.that(inputFile) 
.and() 
"package test;", 
"@Example", 
"}" 
);
); 
} 
}

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.that(inputFile) 
.and() 
"package test;", 
"@Example", 
"}" 
);
); 
} 
}
"package test;", 
"@Other", 
"}" 
);

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// ... 
 
System.out.println(element 
} 
return false; 
} 
}
Debugging

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Now What?

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Questions?

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Annotation Processing Boilerplate Destruction (Square Waterloo 2014)

Annotation Processing Boilerplate Destruction (Square Waterloo 2014)

Jake Wharton
PRO

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Transcript

Annotation Processing Boilerplate Destruction (Square Waterloo 2014)

Annotation Processing Boilerplate Destruction (Square Waterloo 2014)

Jake Wharton PRO

More Decks by Jake Wharton

Other Decks in Technology

Featured

Transcript

Jake Wharton
PRO