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Interventions in the Online Classroom
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Justin Cheng
May 29, 2014
Research
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Interventions in the Online Classroom
Presented at HCI Lunch in 2012.
Justin Cheng
May 29, 2014
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Transcript
interventions NLINE CLASSROOM in the JUSTIN CHENG SCOTT KLEMMER CHINMAY
KULKARNI 1
How do we increase student retention in online classes? (Assignment
Completion) 2
Retention is important Interested students may need an additional push
to complete a course Important metric in measuring how engaging a class is 3
Sociality Feedback · Peer Assessment Individual / Group · Grades
· Action Plans · Contextual Hints · Commitment Contracts · Office Hours · Generic Hints · Personalized Email · 1-on-1 tutors Passive / Active · Co-located group work 4
Social Effects People are consistent in their actions [Cialdini ‘01]
People are influenced by what their friends do [Cialdini ‘07] – “Scott and 4 other friends completed this assignment” 5
6
Commitment Sign a commitment contract [Werner, et. al ‘95] A
small commitment followed by a larger one [Taylor & Booth-Butterfield ‘93] Bet on your success [Giné, et. Al ‘08] 7
We find that The effects of commitment is affected by
social influence Using checklists encourages task completion … 8
So what did we do? 9
Experimental Setup Conducted on Fall 2012 Stanford HCI Online class
Waitlist control to minimize participant backlash 10
Social Feedback / not Commitment / not Exp. 1 Social
Feedback + Commitment 2384 participants 2 x 2 conditions • How does social feedback and commitment affect student retention? • How do these interact with each other? 11
Exp. 1 Social Feedback + Commitment Both Social Feedback +
Commitment Condition “I’ve started button” + List of friends (on Announcements Page & Assignment Page) 12
Exp. 1 Social Feedback + Commitment Both Social Feedback +
Commitment Condition Email before due date - friends who’ve started Email after due date – see your friends’ work 13
Exp. 1 Social Feedback + Commitment Social Feedback Only Condition
List of friends (on Announcements Page & Assignment Page) Generic email before due date See friends’ work email after due date 14
Exp. 1 Social Feedback + Commitment Commitment Only Condition “I’ve
started” button (on Announcements Page & Assignment Page) Generic email before due date Generic email after due date 15
Exp. 1 Social Feedback + Commitment No Social, No Commitment
Condition 16
Exp. 2 Personalized & Generic Email Personalized Emails Generic Emails
No Email 1439 participants 3 conditions • Does sending emails affect retention? • Are personalized emails more effective than generic emails? 17
Exp. 2 Personalized & Generic Email Generic Email Condition Generic
encouragement Examples of good work 18
Exp. 2 Personalized & Generic Email Personalized Email Condition Number
of videos watched, quiz score reporting Use of student’s name Generic encouragement Examples of good work 19
Exp. 2 Personalized & Generic Email No Email Condition 20
Exp. 3 Action Plans Action Plans No Action Plans 1439
participants 2 conditions • Do interactive checklists help people complete assignments? 21
Exp. 3 Action Plans Interactive checklist at the top of
an assignment Inline step completion 22
Facebook Friends have no noticeable impact on retention 23
An “I’ve started” Button reduces assignment completion (and retention) 24
But both together increase completion! (p < 0.05) 25
Control Commitment 0 20 40 60 80 100 Control Social
Control Social social_feedback_condition count 26
Emails that we sent have no noticeable impact on retention
27
0 500 1000 None Generic Personalized intervention_condition count 28
But! Personalized Emails discourage people from clicking on examples! (p
< 0.05) Assignment Link Example Link Example Link 29
3 4 5 0 50 100 150 Generic Personalized Generic
Personalized Generic Personalized factor(intervention_condition) count 30
Action Plans increase assignment completion (and retention) (p < 0.05)
31
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Control Action plan
Experimental condition Number of submissions 32
To conclude, Commitment goes hand-in-hand with social influence Action plans
or interactive assignments in general are promising 33
What’s next? What are other ways to increase retention? 34