Elixirでプログラミング言語を作ろう #tokyoex / Let's Make Your Own Language in Elixir

tokyo.ex Reboot
https://beam-lang.connpass.com/event/227103/

Transcript

1. ElixirͰϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠΛ࡞Ζ͏
   ܀ྛ ݈ଠ࿠ / GMO Pepabo, Inc.
   2021.11.20 tokyo.ex Reboot
   1
   

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2. 2
   ࣗݾ঺հ
   GMOϖύϘגࣜձࣾ
   ιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞ
   ܀ྛ ݈ଠ࿠ a.k.a. ͋ΜͪΆ
   ● GMOϖύϘऔక໾CTO
   ● JAISTത࢜લظ՝ఔ
   ● Twitter : @kentaro
   ElixirConf US 2021Ͱൃදͨ͠Γ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
   
   
   → ձࣾͷςοΫϒϩά / YouTubeͷಈը
   

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3. ͜ͷτʔΫʹࢸ͖͔͚ͬͨͬ
   3
   ● ͖͔͚ͬ͸ɺWEB+DB PRESS Vol.125
   ʢӈਤʣͷಛूΛಡΜͩ͜ͱ
   ● पғʢࣾ಺ʣͰ΋ಠࣗݴޠΛ࡞ΔࢼΈ͕
   ੝Γ্͕͍ͬͯΔ
   ɹˠ RBSʢԾʣʢby @udzuraʣ
   ɹˠ EVMͰಈ͘εϚʔτίϯτϥΫτهड़ݴޠΛ
   ࡞Γ͍ͨʢby @akht_ikdʣ
   ࣗ࡞ݴޠͷ੝Γ্͕Γ
   ӈਤͷग़ॴɿWEB+DB PRESS Vol.125ʛٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ
   

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4. 4
   ElixirͰϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷࣗ࡞Λ࢝Ί·ͨ͠
   ग़ॴɿkentaro/rorty: Yet Another Language Implementation using Elixir.
   Elixir 100%ʂ
   

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5. 5
   ͲΜͳݴޠ͔ʁʢ۩৅ߏจ͔Βʣ
   def factorial(n) {
   if (n < 2) {
   1
   } else {
   n * factorial(n - 1)
   }
   }
   puts(factorial(5))
   ࣜϕʔεɺ৚݅෼ذɾ܁Γฦ͠ɺؔ਺ݺͼग़͠ɺσʔλ͸੔਺ͱจࣈྻ
   for (i in 1 to 100) {
   if (i % 15 == 0) {
   puts("FizzBuzz")
   } else {
   if (i % 5 == 0) {
   puts("Buzz")
   } else {
   if (i % 3 == 0) {
   puts("Fizz")
   } else {
   puts(i)
   }
   }
   }
   }
   ※ ্ه͸ߨԋऀ͕࡞ͬͨݴޠʹΑΔίʔυྫͰ͋ΓɺWEB+DB PRESS Vol.125ͷಛूهࣄͰղઆ͞Ε͍ͯΔݴޠʢToysʣͱ͸΍΍ҟͳΔɻ
   

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6. 6
   WEB+DB PRESSಛूͷըظతͳͱ͜Ζ
   ۩৅ߏจ͔ΒͰ͸ͳ͘ந৅ߏจ͔Βݴޠ࣮૷Λ࢝ΊΔ
   ۩৅ߏจ
   ந৅ߏจ
   ҙຯ࿦
   Α͋͘Δઆ໌ͷྲྀΕ
   ந৅ߏจ
   ۩৅ߏจ
   ҙຯ࿦
   ຊಛूͷઆ໌ͷྲྀΕ ͜ͷྲྀΕͷϝϦοτ
   
   
   ʮΠϯλϓϦλͷຊ࣭͸ந
   ৅ߏจ໦ʯʢp.21ʣ
   
   
   ۩৅ߏจ͔ΒೖΔͷ͸ɺ΍
   Δ΂͖͜ͱ͕ෳࡶͰɺ࠳ં
   ͠΍͍͢ɻ
   
   
   ந৅ߏจ͔ΒೖΔํ͕ɺී
   ஈͷϓϩάϥϛϯάʹۙ͘
   ͯͱ͖ͬͭ΍͍͢ʢͱࢥ͏ʣ
   ग़ॴɿWEB+DB PRESS Vol.125 p.21Λݩʹ࡞ਤͨ͠ɻ
   

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7. 7
   ·ͣ࡞Γ࢝ΊΔՕॴ
   1.࢛ଇԋࢉΛදݱ͠ಘΔந৅ߏจ໦Λɺ
   Structͱͯ͠ఆٛ͢Δ
   2.ந৅ߏจ໦Λड͚औͬͯɺ࠶ىతʹղ
   ऍɾ࣮ߦ͢Δʢӈਤͷinterpretؔ
   ਺ʣ
   3.ࣜʹؚ·ΕΔૢ࡞ͷछผʹԠͯ͡ॲཧ
   ͠Θ͚Δ
   4.ͦͷૢ࡞ʹରԠ͢ΔElixirͷૢ࡞Λ࣮ߦ
   ͢Δ
   ந৅ߏจ໦ͷσʔλߏ଄ͱɺͦΕΛ࣮ߦ͢ΔΠϯλϓϦλ͔Β࡞Γ࢝ΊΔ
   def interpret(%Rorty.Ast.Expression.Binary{} = expr) do
   case expr.operator do
   Rorty.Operator.Add ->
   interpret(expr.left) + interpret(expr.right)
   Rorty.Operator.Divide ->
   interpret(expr.left) / interpret(expr.right)
   Rorty.Operator.Multiply ->
   interpret(expr.left) * interpret(expr.right)
   Rorty.Operator.Subtract ->
   interpret(expr.left) - interpret(expr.right)
   end
   end
   ࠶ؼ࣮ߦ
   

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8. 8
   ந৅ߏจͷछྨΛ૿΍͍ͯ͘͠
   1.લड़ͷ௨Γɺinterpretؔ਺͸࠶
   ىతʹந৅ߏจ໦Λղऍɾ࣮ߦ͢
   Δ
   ɹʢӈਤͷ࠷্෦ͷinterpretؔ਺Λࢀরʣ
   1.ifจͷཏྻͰ͸ͳ͘ɺύλϯϚο
   νΛ࢖ͬͯɺࣜͷछผʹԠͨ͡ॲ
   ཧΛɺએݴతʹهड़͍ͯ͘͠ͱ
   ElixirͬΆ͍
   ૿͑ଓ͚Δந৅ߏจͷछྨʹରͯ͠ElixirΒ͘͠ύλϯϚονͰରԠ
   

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9. 9
   ۩৅ߏจΛ࡞͍ͬͯ͘
   ● ந৅ߏจΛ࡞͍ͬͯ͘ͱɺͦΕΛ࢖ͬͨϓϩάϥϜͦͷ΋ͷΛಈ͔͍ͨ͠ؾ࣋ͪʹͳͬͯ͘
   ΔͷͰɺ͋Δఔ౓ͷͱ͜ΖͰ۩৅ߏจʹͱΓ͔͔Δ
   ○ ࣮ࡍʹ͸ɺ࢛ଇԋࢉͷந৅ߏจΛ࡞ͬͨΒɺରԠ͢Δ۩৅ߏจΛఆٛ͠·ͨ͠
   ● ۩৅ߏจͷهड़ʹ͸PEGΛར༻ʢଞͷબ୒ࢶ͸BNFͱYeccɺNimbleParsec౳ʣɻ
   ● ͦͷར఺͸ҎԼͷ௨Γ
   ͋Δఔ౓ந৅ߏจ͕Ͱ͖ͨΒɺύʔαδΣωϨʔλͰ۩৅ߏจΛ࡞Δ
   ग़ॴɿWEB+DB PRESS Vol.125 p.30
   1. ߏจղੳͱࣈ۟ղੳΛ۠ผ͠ͳ͍ʢ͠ͳͯ͘Α͍ʣ
   2. BNF͔Β୯७ʹߏจղੳثΛ࡞ͬͨ৔߹ͷ໘౗͍͘͞໰୊ʹ൥Θ͞Εͳ͍
   3. PEG͔ΒߏจղੳثΛ࡞Δͷ͸؆୯Ͱ͋Δ
   

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10. 10
    PEGΛElixirͰ࢖͏ʹ͸
    PEGͷElixirʹΑΔ࣮૷͕͋Δʢ΍΍ݹ͍͚Ͳʣ
    ग़ॴɿjtmoulia/neotomex: A PEG parser/transformer with a pleasant Elixir DSL.
    

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11. 11
    Neotomexೖ໳
    PEGʹΑΔจ๏هड़ΛElixirͷDSLͰॻ͚Δʂʢ਺ࣈΛύʔε͢Δྫʣ
    defmodule Number do
    use Neotomex.ExGrammar
    @root true
    define :number, "digit+" do
    digits -> digits |> Enum.join |> String.to_integer
    end
    define :digit, "[0-9]"
    end
    42 = Number.parse! "42"
    ग़ॴɿjtmoulia/neotomex: A PEG parser/transformer with a pleasant Elixir DSL.
    

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12. 12
    DSLʹΑΔจ๏ఆ͔ٛΒAST΁
    1.PEGͷจ๏͕DSLԽ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷ
    ͰɺͦΕʹԊͬͯݴޠͷจ๏ͱϚο
    νͨ࣌͠ͷૢ࡞Λॻ͍͍ͯ͘
    2.طʹ࡞ͬͨந৅ߏจʹϚον͢ΔΑ
    ͏จ๏Λఆٛͯ͠ɺ۩৅ߏจΛந৅
    ߏจʹม׵͍ͯ͘͠
    PEG-LikeͳDSLͰจ๏Λهड़͠ɺ۩৅ߏจΛந৅ߏจʹม׵͍ͯ͘͠
    @root true
    define :additive, "multitive <'+'> additive / multitive" do
    int when is_struct(int, Rorty.Ast.Expr.IntegerLiteral) -
    > int
    [x, y] -> Rorty.Ast.add(x, y)
    end
    # ʢলུʣ
    define :decimal, "[0-9]+" do
    digits ->
    Enum.join(digits)
    |> String.to_integer()
    |> Rorty.Ast.integer()
    end
    ۩৅ߏจΛந৅ߏจ
    ʹม׵͢Δ
    

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13. 13
    ग़དྷ্͕ͬͨ΋ͷΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ
    ۩৅ߏจʹΑΓهड़͞ΕͨιʔείʔυΛந৅ߏจʹม׵ͯ͠ɺղऍɾ࣮ߦ
    def run(src) do
    {result, _} =
    src
    |> parse()
    |> Rorty.Interpreter.interpret(%Rorty.Env{})
    result
    end
    def parse(src) do
    try do
    src |> String.trim() |> Rorty.Grammar.parse!()
    rescue
    e in Neotomex.Grammar.ParseError ->
    e |> handle_exception()
    end
    end
    

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14. 14
    What's Next?
    ● Erlang VMʢBEAMʣ্Ͱಈ͘ݴޠ͸BEAM Languagesͱݺ͹ΕΔ
    ● ୅දతͳBEAM Languages͸Erlang/OTP΍Elixir
    ● ଞɺLispʹӨڹΛड͚ͨ΋ͷ΍੩తܕ෇͚ͷ΋ͷͳͲɺগͳ͘ͱ΋33Ҏ্͕͋Δ
    ͜͜Ͱ঺հͨࣗ͠࡞ݴޠ΋ɺElixirͰ࣮ߦ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰBEAM্Ͱಈ͍ͯ͸͍ΔͷͰɺ
    BEAM Languagesͱ͍͑͹͍͑Δ͚Ͳ……ɻ
    → ͡Ό͋ɺͪΌΜͱͨ͠BEAM Languagesͱ΍ΒΛ࡞ͬͯΈΑ͏͡Όͳ͍͔
    ؆қͳΠϯλϓϦλݴޠ͔ΒYet Another BEAM Language΁
    ग़ॴɿllaisdy/beam_languages: Languages, and about languages, on the BEAM
    

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15. 15
    BEAM Languagesͷ࣮૷ํࣜ͋Ε͜Ε
    ҰޱʹBEAM Languagesͱ͍ͬͯ΋͍ΖΜͳ΍Γํ͕͋Δ
    ग़ॴɿImplementing languages on the BEAM by Robert Virding & Mariano Guerra | #OpenErlang webinar
    

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16. 16
    BEAM Languages΁޲͚ͯ
    1.ࣗ࡞ݴޠͷASTΛElixirͷAST΁τϥϯε
    ύΠϧ͢Δʢӈ্ʣ
    2.τϥϯεύΠϧͨ݁͠ՌΛɺ
    Code.eval_quoted/3Ͱ࣮ߦ
    ElixirͷASTΛ࢖͏ͱɺࣗ࡞ݴޠͷந৅ߏจΛElixir
    ʹௐ੔͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͠ɺElixirͷҙຯ࿦ʹറΒ
    Εͯɺ݁ہElixirͷαϒηοτΛ࡞Δ͜ͱʹͳͬͯ͠
    ·͏ɻ
    → ࠓޙͲ͏͢Δ͔͸໎ͬͯΔͱ͜Ζ
    ·ͣ͸ࣗ࡞ݴޠͷASTΛElixirͷAST΁τϥϯεύΠϧͯ͠Έͨ
    defmodule Rorty.Transpiler do
    def transpile(exprs) do
    exprs |> Enum.map(fn expr ->
    Rorty.Protocol.ElixirAst.to_elixir_ast(expr)
    end)
    end
    end
    def run(src, transpile: true) do
    {result, _} =
    src
    |> parse()
    |> transpile()
    |> Code.eval_quoted([], __ENV__)
    result
    end
    

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17. 17
    ·ͱΊ
    ● ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷ࡞Γํʹ͍ͭͯઆ໌͍ͯ͠Δॻ੶΍هࣄ͸ͨ͘͞Μ͋Δ͕ɺ
    WEB+DB PRESS Vol.125ͷಛू͸ɺͦͷઆ໌ͷελΠϧʹ͓͍ͯग़৭
    ○ ந৅ߏจˠ۩৅ߏจͱ͍͏આ໌ͷྲྀΕ
    ○ ࣈ۟ղੳͱ͔BNFͱ͔ͦ͏͍͏࿩Λ͠ͳ͍
    ● جຊతʹɺͦ͜Ͱॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛຊτʔΫͰઆ໌ͨ͠Α͏ʹElixirతʹಡΈସ͑ͯ
    ࣮૷͍ͯ͘͠ͱɺϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͬΆ͍΋ͷ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    ● ͜ͷઌ͸ɺૉ๿ͳΠϯλϓϦλ͔ΒBEAM Languages΁ঢ՚͍͖͍ͤͯͨ͞ͱ͜Ζ
    ElixirͰϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠΛ࡞Ζ͏ʂ
    

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18. 18
    ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷࣗ࡞͸ָ͍͠
    ग़ॴɿhttps://twitter.com/kentaro/status/1454798625603612682
    

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19. 19
    Thank You!
    Thank You!
    

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