the four photopig- ments in the normal human retina. (Recall that light is defined as electro- magnetic radiation having wavelengths between ~400 and 700 nm.) The solid curves indicate the three kinds of cone opsins; the dashed curve shows rod rhodopsin for comparison. Absorbance is defined as the log value of the inten- sity of incident light divided by inten- sity of transmitted light. such sources are needed to match (nearly) all the perceived colors is strong 100 Short Medium Long 50 0 Wavelength (nm) 400 450 500 550 600 650 Relative spectral absorbance Rods hotoreceptor cell to bipolar cell to ganglion cell—is the ormation flow from photoreceptors to the optic nerve. ypes of photoreceptors in the retina: rods and cones. Both er segment composed of membranous disks that contain otopigment and lies adjacent to the pigment epithelium, ment that contains the cell nucleus and gives rise to synap- contact bipolar or horizontal cells (see also Figure 10.8). ht by the photopigment in the outer segment of the pho- s a cascade of events that changes the membrane potential d therefore the amount of neurotransmitter released by the Vision: The Eye 235 Ganglion Ganglion cell cell Horizontal Horizontal cell cell Amacrine Amacrine cell cell Amacrine cell Horizontal cell Rod Rod Ganglion cell Rod Rod Rod Rod Light Light Ganglion cell layer Distal Virtical information flow Virtical information flow To optic nerve To optic nerve Inner plexiform layer Outer plexiform layer Inner nuclear layer Outer nuclear layer Nerve fiber layer Photo- receptor outer segments Pigment epithelium Vertical information flow To optic nerve Proximal Lateral Lateral information information flow flow Lateral information flow Bipolar Bipolar cell cell Bipolar cell Cone Cone Cone Cone Cone Cone Cone Cone Cone Rod Rod Rod (B) ure of the retina. (A) showing overall nal layers. (B) Dia- cuitry of the retina. n—photoreceptor, glion cell—provides e for transmitting o the brain. Hori- crine cells mediate n the outer and rs, respectively. The r designate relative enter of the eye er of the eye; outer, r, or toward the pig- (Neuroscience 3rdEd) ⼈間の⽬の網膜には,⾚,緑, ⻘それぞれの⾊に対応したセン サーがある. ⻘ 緑 ⾚