New Wave PHP

Features arriving in the most recent versions of PHP, along with gotchas and advice for upgrading your existing platforms.

Transcript

1. New Wave PHP
   Lorna Mitchell, PHPUK 2015
   (these slides are already online
   http://lrnja.net/new-wave-php)
   

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2. Recent Versions of PHP
   

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3. New Wave PHP
   Data from http://w3techs.com
   

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4. Changes in PHP
   

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5. Register Globals is Gone (5.4)
   Upgrade PHP and see many undefined (simple) variables.
   To fix each undefined variable:
   •replace $username with $_GET['username'] or
   $_POST['username'] in each case
   

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6. Echo Shortcut (5.4)
   PHP 5.4 removes short_open_tag config option
   • is never valid - s//•= is always valid
   = is the same as:

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7. Error Reporting: E_STRICT
   E_ALL includes E_STRICT in PHP 5.4+
   You can either:
   1.Fix your errors
   2.Turn it off again using E_ALL & ~E_STRICT
   

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8. Timezone Settings (5.4)
   PHP refuses to guess the timezone and will warn you.
   It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings.
   You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the
   date_default_timezone_set() function.
   In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this
   warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier.
   Fix it by setting date.timezone in php.ini:
   date.timezone = "Europe/London"
   

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9. Call Time Pass By Reference
   PHP Fatal error: Call-time pass-by-reference has been removed
   This error says "don't pass references in when the function didn't
   expect them, you fool"
   

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10. Call Time Pass By Reference
    You can pass by reference. Declare function:
    1 function inspire(&$person) {
    2 // be inspiring
    3 }
    Call with just $ and not &
    1 inspire($current_user);
    

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11. Traits (5.4)
    Traits are building blocks for classes
    Traits can:
    •build on one another
    •be used together
    •are inherited by child classes
    

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12. Traits
    1 namespace Silex\Application;
    2 use Monolog\Logger;
    3
    4 trait MonologTrait {
    5 public function log($message, $context = array(), $level) {
    6 return $this['monolog']->addRecord(
    7 $level, $message, $context);
    8 }
    9 }
    

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13. Traits
    To use a trait:
    1 use Silex\Application;
    2 class MyApplication extends Application {
    3 use Application\MonologTrait;
    4
    5 public function myAwesomeMethod() {
    6 ...
    7 $this->log("Something happened");
    8 ...
    

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14. DateTimeImmutable (5.5)
    DateTime is awesome
    1 $important_date = new DateTime();
    2 print_r($important_date);
    3 $result = $important_date->add(new DateInterval('P4D'));
    4 print_r($important_date);
    5 print_r($result);
    DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-14 20:28:20 ... )
    DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-18 20:28:20 ... )
    DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-18 20:28:20 ... )
    

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15. DateTimeImmutable
    DateTimeImmutable does what you'd expect
    1 $important_date = new DateTimeImmutable();
    2 print_r($important_date);
    3 $result = $important_date->add(new DateInterval('P4D'));
    4 print_r($important_date);
    5 print_r($result);
    DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-14 20:28:20 ... )
    DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-14 20:28:20 ... )
    DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-18 20:28:20 ... )
    

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16. Easy Password Hashing (5.5)
    Strongly hash your passwords with a built-in salt. Please?
    1 $pass = "secretpassword";
    2 $hashed = password_hash($pass, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
    3 echo $hashed;
    Output:
    $2y$10$Q7Rm.Cmcu4lbvI7.C2q4Z.1LLoh4C63vBSfflQtfjs52GxhAc.s/G
    (make your password columns wider! 255 chars recommended)
    

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17. Easy Password Hashing
    1 $existing_hash = '$2y$10$Q7Rm.Cmcu4lbvI7.C2q4Z.1LLoh4C63vBSfflQt
    2 $pass = "secretpassword";
    3
    4 if(password_verify($pass, $existing_hash))
    5 echo "All good";
    6 else
    7 echo "Go away";
    For PHP < 5.5: http://github.com/ircmaxell/password_compat
    

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18. Generators (5.5)
    Functions with the ability to emit a sequence of values
    

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19. Generators
    1 function readLogsFromDatabase() {
    2 $db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', $user, $p
    3 $stmt = $db->query("select message from logs");
    4 while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
    5 yield $row['message'];
    6 }
    7 }
    8
    9 foreach (readLogsFromDatabase() as $msg) {
    10 echo $msg."\n";
    11 }
    

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20. Coroutines
    Coroutines are a way of separating interacting concerns
    Generators let us achieve this
    

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21. Coroutines
    1 function dbLogWriter() {
    2 $db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test');
    3 $stmt = $db->prepare(
    4 "insert into logs (message) values (:msg);");
    5 while (true) {
    6 $msg = yield;
    7 $stmt->execute(array("msg" => $msg));
    8 }
    9 }
    

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22. Coroutines
    1 $logger = dbLogWriter();
    2 $logger->send("Hello world!");
    3 $logger->send("Something notable happened");
    

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23. MySQL Extension is Deprecated (5.5)
    The original mysql extension now emits E_DEPRECATED warnings.
    Instead, use:
    •PDO - excellent OO database handling
    •The mysqli extension, quite similar to the original mysql one
    

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24. Built-in OpCache (5.5)
    Replaces APC - be aware that OpCache is disabled by default.
    Turn on opcache.enable and opcache.enable_cli
    

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25. DebugInfo (5.6)
    Magic method __debugInfo() to change what is given to
    var_dump()
    1 class MyBuggyClass {
    2 public function __debugInfo() {
    3 return $this->problemData;
    4 }
    5 }
    6
    7 ...
    8 var_dump(new MyBuggyClass()); // custom output
    

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26. Variadic Functions (5.6)
    1 function combine($transform, ...$strings) {
    2 $string = '';
    3
    4 foreach($strings as $piece) {
    5 $string .= $piece;
    6 }
    7 return($transform($string));
    8 }
    9
    10 echo combine("strtoupper", "I'd ", "like ", 4 + 2, " apples");
    11 // I'D LIKE 6 APPLES
    

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27. Argument Unpacking (5.6)
    Let PHP unpack your function parameters
    1 function display_product($name, $id, $price) {} // cool stuffs
    2
    3 $db = new PDO("mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test");
    4 $sql = "select p.name, p.id, p.price from products p";
    5 $stmt = $db->query($sql);
    6
    7 while(false !== ($prod = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM))) {
    8 display_product(...$prod);
    9 }
    

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28. Upgrading An Existing System
    

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29. Performance Comparison
    

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30. How To Upgrade
    Turn on E_DEPRECATED and watch the logs of your existing platform
    Set with: error_reporting = E_ALL
    

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31. How To Upgrade
    Use the PHPCompatibility PHPCS standard
    Install from https://github.com/wimg/PHPCompatibility and
    include in your standards directory
    

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32. How To Upgrade
    Syntax check your code with new version of PHP
    Use phing (http://www.phing.info/):
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Or try my one-liner: find . -name '*.php' | xargs -n1 php -l
    

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33. How To Upgrade
    Compile new PHP and run test suite with it
    Run tests: /path/to/php/sapi/cli/php phpunit.phar
    

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34. How To Upgrade
    Run application with PHP's webserver (5.4+)
    php -S localhost:8080
    

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35. PHP's Own Webserver
    php -S dev.project.local:8080
    -t /var/www/cool-project/web
    -c php-ini.development
    routing.php
    

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36. How To Upgrade
    •Turn on E_DEPRECATED and watch the logs of your existing
    platform
    •Use the PHPCompatibility PHPCS standard
    •Lint check with new version (php -l)
    •Compile new PHP and run test suite
    •Run application with PHP's webserver
    •Upgrade a test/staging platform
    •Go for it!
    

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37. New Platforms
    For new projects, or old ones, platforms must be PHP 5.5+
    

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38. Questions? (and resources)
    Feedback please! https://m.joind.in/talk/c173e
    Intermediate PHP:
    •http://lrnja.net/php-video
    Contact me:
    •@lornajane
    •http://lornajane.net
    

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39. Bonus Content
    

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40. Namespaced Functions (5.6)
    Have always been able to namespace functions
    Can now import them, like classes
    1 include "Lib/Many/Layers/functions.php";
    2 use function \Lib\Many\Layers\deep_func;
    3
    4 deep_func();
    

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41. Filter Handles MAC Addresses (5.5)
    Stealth feature (it doesn't seem to be documented!)
    1 $mac1 = "12-34-56-78-9A-BC";
    2 var_dump(filter_var($mac1, FILTER_VALIDATE_MAC));
    3 // string(17) "12-34-56-78-9A-BC"
    4
    5 $mac2 = "12-34-567-A-BC";
    6 var_dump(filter_var($mac2, FILTER_VALIDATE_MAC));
    7 // bool(false)
    

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42. JSON Shininess (5.4)
    JSONSerializable interface defines the data that is included when
    object is passed to json_encode()
    Also very handy additional switches to json_encode():
    •JSON_PRETTY_PRINT
    •JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES
    •JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE
    

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43. Reusable php://input (5.6)
    The php://input stream gives access to the incoming request body
    From PHP 5.6, it can be opened multiple times
    

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