New Wave PHP

Features arriving in the most recent versions of PHP, along with gotchas and advice for upgrading your existing platforms.

Transcript

1. New Wave PHP Lorna Mitchell, PHPUK 2015 (these slides are already online http://lrnja.net/new-wave-php)
2. Recent Versions of PHP
3. New Wave PHP Data from http://w3techs.com
4. Changes in PHP
5. Register Globals is Gone (5.4) Upgrade PHP and see many undefined (simple) variables. To fix each undefined variable: •replace $username with $_GET['username'] or $_POST['username'] in each case
6. Echo Shortcut (5.4) PHP 5.4 removes short_open_tag config option •<? is never valid - s/<?/<?php/ •<?= is always valid <?= is the same as: <?php echo
7. Error Reporting: E_STRICT E_ALL includes E_STRICT in PHP 5.4+ You can either: 1.Fix your errors 2.Turn it off again using E_ALL & ~E_STRICT
8. Timezone Settings (5.4) PHP refuses to guess the timezone and will warn you. It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. Fix it by setting date.timezone in php.ini: date.timezone = "Europe/London"
9. Call Time Pass By Reference PHP Fatal error: Call-time pass-by-reference has been removed This error says "don't pass references in when the function didn't expect them, you fool"
10. Call Time Pass By Reference You can pass by reference. Declare function: 1 function inspire(&$person) { 2 // be inspiring 3 } Call with just $ and not & 1 inspire($current_user);
11. Traits (5.4) Traits are building blocks for classes Traits can: •build on one another •be used together •are inherited by child classes
12. Traits 1 namespace Silex\Application; 2 use Monolog\Logger; 3 4 trait MonologTrait { 5 public function log($message, $context = array(), $level) { 6 return $this['monolog']->addRecord( 7 $level, $message, $context); 8 } 9 }
13. Traits To use a trait: 1 use Silex\Application; 2 class MyApplication extends Application { 3 use Application\MonologTrait; 4 5 public function myAwesomeMethod() { 6 ... 7 $this->log("Something happened"); 8 ...
14. DateTimeImmutable (5.5) DateTime is awesome 1 $important_date = new DateTime(); 2 print_r($important_date); 3 $result = $important_date->add(new DateInterval('P4D')); 4 print_r($important_date); 5 print_r($result); DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-14 20:28:20 ... ) DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-18 20:28:20 ... ) DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-18 20:28:20 ... )
15. DateTimeImmutable DateTimeImmutable does what you'd expect 1 $important_date = new DateTimeImmutable(); 2 print_r($important_date); 3 $result = $important_date->add(new DateInterval('P4D')); 4 print_r($important_date); 5 print_r($result); DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-14 20:28:20 ... ) DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-14 20:28:20 ... ) DateTime Object ( [date] => 2015-02-18 20:28:20 ... )
16. Easy Password Hashing (5.5) Strongly hash your passwords with a built-in salt. Please? 1 $pass = "secretpassword"; 2 $hashed = password_hash($pass, PASSWORD_DEFAULT); 3 echo $hashed; Output: $2y$10$Q7Rm.Cmcu4lbvI7.C2q4Z.1LLoh4C63vBSfflQtfjs52GxhAc.s/G (make your password columns wider! 255 chars recommended)
17. Easy Password Hashing 1 $existing_hash = '$2y$10$Q7Rm.Cmcu4lbvI7.C2q4Z.1LLoh4C63vBSfflQt 2 $pass = "secretpassword"; 3 4 if(password_verify($pass, $existing_hash)) 5 echo "All good"; 6 else 7 echo "Go away"; For PHP < 5.5: http://github.com/ircmaxell/password_compat
18. Generators (5.5) Functions with the ability to emit a sequence of values
19. Generators 1 function readLogsFromDatabase() { 2 $db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', $user, $p 3 $stmt = $db->query("select message from logs"); 4 while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) { 5 yield $row['message']; 6 } 7 } 8 9 foreach (readLogsFromDatabase() as $msg) { 10 echo $msg."\n"; 11 }
20. Coroutines Coroutines are a way of separating interacting concerns Generators let us achieve this
21. Coroutines 1 function dbLogWriter() { 2 $db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test'); 3 $stmt = $db->prepare( 4 "insert into logs (message) values (:msg);"); 5 while (true) { 6 $msg = yield; 7 $stmt->execute(array("msg" => $msg)); 8 } 9 }
22. Coroutines 1 $logger = dbLogWriter(); 2 $logger->send("Hello world!"); 3 $logger->send("Something notable happened");
23. MySQL Extension is Deprecated (5.5) The original mysql extension now emits E_DEPRECATED warnings. Instead, use: •PDO - excellent OO database handling •The mysqli extension, quite similar to the original mysql one
24. Built-in OpCache (5.5) Replaces APC - be aware that OpCache is disabled by default. Turn on opcache.enable and opcache.enable_cli
25. DebugInfo (5.6) Magic method __debugInfo() to change what is given to var_dump() 1 class MyBuggyClass { 2 public function __debugInfo() { 3 return $this->problemData; 4 } 5 } 6 7 ... 8 var_dump(new MyBuggyClass()); // custom output
26. Variadic Functions (5.6) 1 function combine($transform, ...$strings) { 2 $string = ''; 3 4 foreach($strings as $piece) { 5 $string .= $piece; 6 } 7 return($transform($string)); 8 } 9 10 echo combine("strtoupper", "I'd ", "like ", 4 + 2, " apples"); 11 // I'D LIKE 6 APPLES
27. Argument Unpacking (5.6) Let PHP unpack your function parameters 1 function display_product($name, $id, $price) {} // cool stuffs 2 3 $db = new PDO("mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test"); 4 $sql = "select p.name, p.id, p.price from products p"; 5 $stmt = $db->query($sql); 6 7 while(false !== ($prod = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM))) { 8 display_product(...$prod); 9 }
28. Upgrading An Existing System
29. Performance Comparison
30. How To Upgrade Turn on E_DEPRECATED and watch the logs of your existing platform Set with: error_reporting = E_ALL
31. How To Upgrade Use the PHPCompatibility PHPCS standard Install from https://github.com/wimg/PHPCompatibility and include in your standards directory
32. How To Upgrade Syntax check your code with new version of PHP Use phing (http://www.phing.info/): <target name="phplint" description="Run php -l over the fileset"> <phplint haltonfailure="true"> <fileset dir="src/"> <include name="**/*.php"/> </fileset> </phplint> </target> Or try my one-liner: find . -name '*.php' | xargs -n1 php -l
33. How To Upgrade Compile new PHP and run test suite with it Run tests: /path/to/php/sapi/cli/php phpunit.phar
34. How To Upgrade Run application with PHP's webserver (5.4+) php -S localhost:8080
35. PHP's Own Webserver php -S dev.project.local:8080 -t /var/www/cool-project/web -c php-ini.development routing.php
36. How To Upgrade •Turn on E_DEPRECATED and watch the logs of your existing platform •Use the PHPCompatibility PHPCS standard •Lint check with new version (php -l) •Compile new PHP and run test suite •Run application with PHP's webserver •Upgrade a test/staging platform •Go for it!
37. New Platforms For new projects, or old ones, platforms must be PHP 5.5+
38. Questions? (and resources) Feedback please! https://m.joind.in/talk/c173e Intermediate PHP: •http://lrnja.net/php-video Contact me: •@lornajane •http://lornajane.net
39. Bonus Content
40. Namespaced Functions (5.6) Have always been able to namespace functions Can now import them, like classes 1 include "Lib/Many/Layers/functions.php"; 2 use function \Lib\Many\Layers\deep_func; 3 4 deep_func();
41. Filter Handles MAC Addresses (5.5) Stealth feature (it doesn't seem to be documented!) 1 $mac1 = "12-34-56-78-9A-BC"; 2 var_dump(filter_var($mac1, FILTER_VALIDATE_MAC)); 3 // string(17) "12-34-56-78-9A-BC" 4 5 $mac2 = "12-34-567-A-BC"; 6 var_dump(filter_var($mac2, FILTER_VALIDATE_MAC)); 7 // bool(false)
42. JSON Shininess (5.4) JSONSerializable interface defines the data that is included when object is passed to json_encode() Also very handy additional switches to json_encode(): •JSON_PRETTY_PRINT •JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES •JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE
43. Reusable php://input (5.6) The php://input stream gives access to the incoming request body From PHP 5.6, it can be opened multiple times