2-D- und 3-D-Datenvisualisierung für alle Plattformen mit HTML5

Zahlen und Ziffern, schwarz auf weiß, sind für sich genommen ziemlich langweilig und oftmals nur bedingt aussagekräftig. Es bedarf einer Visualisierung, um Zusammenhänge verstehen und Daten vergleichen zu können. Mit Webtechnologien stehen Ihnen hierfür mehr Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung denn je. Neben 2-D-Diagrammen können Sie mithilfe von WebGL auch interaktive dreidimensionale Darstellungen plattformübergreifend realisieren – im Browser und Touch-optimiert auf mobilen Endgeräten. Christian Liebel und Manuel Rauber zeigen Ihnen in dieser Session, wie Sie ansprechende 2-D- und 3-D-Visualisierungen Cross-Plattform implementieren und in existierende Anwendungen einbetten können.

GitHub: https://github.com/thinktecture/basta-2d-3d

Transcript

2. INTRODUCTION Christian Liebel Manuel Rauber christian.liebel@thinktecture.com @chris_liebel manuel.rauber@thinktecture.com @manuelrauber https://christianliebel.com https://manuel-rauber.com
3. TALKING POINTS 2D 3D Overview Browser support, performance API Basics, retina scaling, animation, interaction Examples Overview Basics WebGL & three.js Browser support, controls Examples
4. 2D VISUALIZATION HTML5 CANVAS Manuel Rauber @manuelrauber
5. CROSS PLATFORM Native Multi Platform Cross Platform One app per platform Less to none code sharing Java/Swift/C# One app per supported platforms Medium code sharing Xamarin (C#) One app for all High code sharing HTML/JS
6. OVERVIEW Plain bitmap for the web Cross platform graphic manipulations High performance Mouse, touch & gamepad support Low energy consumpting animations
7. BROWSER SUPPORT (BASIC) From http://caniuse.com/#search=canvas
8. BROWSER SUPPORT (OVERALL) From http://caniuse.com/#search=canvas
9. PERFORMANCE CHROME @ MACBOOK PRO From http://jsperf.com/html-vs-svg-vs-canvas/31
10. PERFORMANCE ANDROID @ SAMSUNG GALAXY NOTE From http://jsperf.com/html-vs-svg-vs-canvas/31
11. COORDINATE SYSTEM Cartesian: (0/0) bottom left Canvas: (0/0) top left From http://www.sitepoint.com/html5-canvas-tutorial-introduction/
12. USAGE < ! D O C T Y P E h t m l > < h t m l > < h e a d > < t i t l e > C a n v a s ! < / t i t l e > < / h e a d > < b o d y > < c a n v a s > < / c a n v a s > < / b o d y > < / h t m l >
13. FALLBACK < ! D O C T Y P E h t m l > < h t m l > < h e a d > < t i t l e > C a n v a s ! < / t i t l e > < / h e a d > < b o d y > < c a n v a s > T h i s t e x t i s s h o w n , w h e n a b r o w s e r d o e s n o t s u p p o r t c a n v a s . < / c a n v a s > < / b o d y > < / h t m l >
14. CONTEXTS 2D context: CanvasRenderingContext2D v a r c o n t e x t = c a n v a s . g e t C o n t e x t ( ' 2 d ' ) ; WebGL context: WebGLRenderingContext v a r c o n t e x t = c a n v a s . g e t C o n t e x t ( ' w e b g l ' ) ;
15. API DRAWING v o i d f i l l R e c t ( x , y , w i d t h , h e i g h t ) ; v o i d s t r o k e R e c t ( x , y , w i d t h , h e i g h t ) ; v o i d c l e a r R e c t ( x , y , w i d t h , h e i g h t ) ; v o i d f i l l T e x t ( t e x t , x , y [ , m a x W i d t h ] ) ; v o i d s t r o k e T e x t ( t e x t , x , y [ , m a x W i d t h ] ) ; MDN: CanvasRenderingContext2D
16. API PATHS v o i d b e g i n P a t h ( ) ; v o i d c l o s e P a t h ( ) ; v o i d m o v e T o ( x , y ) ; v o i d l i n e T o ( x , y ) ; v o i d b e z i e r C u r v e T o ( c p 1 x , c p 1 y , c p 2 x , c p 2 y , x , y ) ; v o i d r e c t ( x , y , w i d t h , h e i g h t ) ; v o i d f i l l ( ) ; v o i d s t r o k e ( ) ; MDN: CanvasRenderingContext2D
17. API PIXEL MANIPULATION I m a g e D a t a c r e a t e I m a g e D a t a ( w i d t h , h e i g h t ) ; I m a g e D a t a g e t I m a g e D a t a ( s x , s y , s w , s h ) ; v o i d p u t I m a g e D a t a ( i m a g e d a t a , d x , d y ) ; MDN: CanvasRenderingContext2D
18. RETINA SUPPORT
20. RETINA - HOW TO f u n c t i o n a d j u s t F o r R e t i n a ( ) { i f ( ! w i n d o w . d e v i c e P i x e l R a t i o | | w i n d o w . d e v i c e P i x e l R a t i o < = 1 ) { r e t u r n ; } v a r w i d t h = c a n v a s . w i d t h ; v a r h e i g h t = c a n v a s . h e i g h t ; c a n v a s . s t y l e . w i d t h = w i d t h + ' p x ' ; c a n v a s . s t y l e . h e i g h t = h e i g h t + ' p x ' ; c a n v a s . w i d t h = w i d t h * w i n d o w . d e v i c e P i x e l R a t i o ; c a n v a s . h e i g h t = h e i g h t * w i n d o w . d e v i c e P i x e l R a t i o ; c o n t e x t . s c a l e ( w i n d o w . d e v i c e P i x e l R a t i o , w i n d o w . d e v i c e P i x e l R a t i o ) ; }
21. ANIMATIONS THE OLD WAY setTimeout f u n c t i o n d r a w ( ) { / / d r a w r o u t i n e s e t T i m e o u t ( d r a w , 1 0 0 0 / 6 0 ) ; } setInterval s e t I n t e r v a l ( f u n c t i o n ( ) { / / d r a w r o u t i n e } , 1 0 0 0 / 6 0 ) ;
22. ANIMATIONS THE MODERN WAY requestAnimationFrame v a r a n i m a t i o n F r a m e ; f u n c t i o n s t a r t A n i m a t i o n ( ) { v a r s t e p = f u n c t i o n ( ) { / / d r a w r o u t i n e a n i m a t i o n F r a m e = w i n d o w . r e q u e s t A n i m a t i o n F r a m e ( s t e p ) ; } a n i m a t i o n F r a m e = w i n d o w . r e q u e s t A n i m a t i o n F r a m e ( s t e p ) ; f u n c t i o n s t o p A n i m a t i o n ( ) { w i n d o w . c a n c e l A n i m a t i o n F r a m e ( a n i m a t i o n F r a m e ) ; } MDN: , requestAnimationFrame cancelAnimationFrame
23. ANIMATIONS PROBLEMS WITH "OLD" TECHNIQUES If the callback function takes longer than the timer will call it, the callback function gets queued. Could lead quickly to an "infinite" amount of queued callback functions. Timers continue to work in background tabs, the browser will render invisible animations (wastage of CPU and battery life). Especially bad for mobile devices. From https://dev.opera.com/articles/better-performance-with-requestanimationframe/
24. ANIMATIONS WHAT REQUESTANIMATIONFRAME DOES Only executed when visible to the user (will stop in background tabs!). No wastage of CPU and battery life. Frame is only drawn when browser is ready and no other frame waits for drawing. No "infinite" amount of queued callback functions. From https://dev.opera.com/articles/better-performance-with-requestanimationframe/
25. ANIMATIONS WHAT REQUESTANIMATIONFRAME DOESN'T DO As the name suggests: Only one frame is requested. r e q u e s t A n i m a t i o n F r a m e has to be called within the callback to get an animation loop. You don't know, when the callback will be executed. Animations on the same page, where one is in the visible area and one not, will not run synchronously since the hidden one's r e q u e s t A n i m a t i o n F r a m e will not be called. From https://dev.opera.com/articles/better-performance-with-requestanimationframe/
26. INTERACTION KEYBOARD & MOUSE SUPPORT Canvas supports all keyboard & mouse events like k e y d o w n , k e y u p , m o u s e d o w n or m o u s e m o v e . c a n v a s . a d d E v e n t L i s t e n e r ( ' m o u s e m o v e ' , f u n c t i o n ( m o u s e E v e n t ) { / / m o u s e e v e n t r o u t i n e } ) ; c a n v a s . a d d E v e n t L i s t e n e r ( ' k e y d o w n ' , f u n c t i o n ( k e y E v e n t ) { / / k e y d o w n e v e n t r o u t i n e } ) ; MDN: , MouseEvent KeyboardEvent
27. INTERACTION TOUCH Canvas supports all touch events like t o u c h s t a r t , t o u c h m o v e , t o u c h e n d . Consider using a library for recognizing gestures like . HammerJS c a n v a s . a d d E v e n t L i s t e n e r ( ' t o u c h m o v e ' , f u n c t i o n ( t o u c h E v e n t ) { / / t o u c h m o v e e v e n t r o u t i n e } ) ; MDN: , Touch events TouchEvent
28. EXAMPLES WITHIN GITHUB REPOSITORY 1. Basic circle 2. Circle with gradient 3. Retina support 4. requestAnimationFrame 5. Time-based animations 6. Mouse Move 7. Touch Move 8. Manipulating a rectangle with HammerJS 9. Rotating Pie Chart
29. EXAMPLES WITHIN THE WEB Gesture recognition: Video explosion: Zen Photon Garden: Zoom Charts: Many more examples @ http://revealjs.herokuapp.com/ http://www.craftymind.com/factory/html5video/CanvasVideo http://zenphoton.com/ https://zoomcharts.com/developers/en/net- chart/examples/items/link-items.html http://www.canvasdemos.com/
30. VIDEO EXPLOSION From http://www.craftymind.com/factory/html5video/CanvasVideo.html
31. ZEN PHOTON GARDEN From http://zenphoton.com/
32. ZOOM CHARTS From https://zoomcharts.com/developers/en/net-chart/examples/items/link-items.html
33. LIVE DEMO
34. 3D VISUALIZATION Christian Liebel @chris_liebel
35. 3D CONTENT IN A 3D WORLD WITH 2D SCREENS scenes, cameras, rendering
36. COORDINATE SYSTEM Right-handed From https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn479430(v=vs.85).aspx
37. CAMERA FRUSTUM From https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dn479430(v=vs.85).aspx
38. WEBGL Web Graphics Library Hardware accelerated (GPU) New canvas rendering context w e b g l
39. PROVEN TECHNOLOGY Based on OpenGL for Embedded Systems Blender & Unity can export to WebGL ANGLE (Chrome/Firefox): Rendering on Direct3D
40. THREE.JS Native WebGL is complex Open-source JavaScript library High-level API abstracting WebGL (and more)
41. STRUCTURE Geometry: shape (cube, sphere, …) Material: color, texture, light reflection Mesh: 3D object (geometry + material)
42. BROWSER SUPPORT From http://caniuse.com/#search=webgl
43. MOBILE PLATFORM SUPPORT iOS 8+ Android WebView 36+ Crosswalk Windows (Phone) 8.1+
44. CONTROLS Mouse/Keyboard Touch Gamepad
45. A WORD ON TOUCH EVENTS… Pointer Events vs. Touch Events Browser support varies on desktop three.js controls only support Touch Events
46. A WORD ON GAMEPADS… HTML5 Gamepad API Polling (requestAnimationFrame) Supported by Chrome, Firefox, MS Edge, Opera
47. THE CREATION OF THE WORLD
48. EVEN MORE SAMPLES… Flight Arcade Physijs three.js samples
49. SUMMARY Cross platform high-performance graphic manipulation 2D & 3D Hardware acceleration Supported by all major browsers Touch-enabled, gamepad-enabled
50. CHANNEL9 Cross-Platform Development https://channel9.msdn.com/Series/Thementag-Cross- Plattform-Entwicklung-mit-HTML5--Javascript
51. THANK YOU! GitHub repository: https://github.com/thinktecture/basta-2d-3d thinktecture.com
52. RESOURCES GitHub repository: Canvas browser support: Cordova: Ionic: Gulp: TypeScript: CanvasRenderingContext2D: WebGLRenderingContext: requestAnimationFrame: https://github.com/thinktecture/basta-2d-3d http://caniuse.com/#search=canvas https://cordova.apache.org/ http://ionicframework.com/ http://gulpjs.com http://www.typescriptlang.org/ https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/API/CanvasRenderingContext2D https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/API/WebGLRenderingContext https://developer.mozilla.org/en- US/docs/Web/API/window/requestAnimationFrame