Is this Rails model?

Transcript

1. Is this Rails model?
   @2016-11-12 #ckpd_LT ٕज़෦ ։ൃج൫ @moro ॾڮګհ 
2. ‣ ུྺ
   ‣ 3BJMTᴈ໌ظ͔Β ೥΄Ͳ3BJMT࢖͖ͬͯͨ
   ‣ ࠷ۙ΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ
   ‣ 3BJMTΞϓϦͷઃܭࢧԉ΍ίʔυϨϏϡʔ
   ‣ ΄͔ʹΞδϟΠϧ͓͡͞Μͱ͔
   ‣ ΋ͪΖΜࣗ෼Ͱίʔυ΋ॻ͍ͯΔ 
3. ‣ 10೥ઓ͖ͬͯͨRubyͱRails͸ɺWebαʔϏεͷ
 Ձ஋ΛϢʔβʔʹಧ͚ΔϨʔϧʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ ‣ ϒϥ΢β޲͚: HTML, JS & CSS ‣ ΞϓϦ޲͚: JSON over HTTP ‣ ֤छσʔλετΞͷಡΈॻ͖ Why: ͜ͷ࿩͕Ͳ͏໾ʹཱͪͦ͏͔ 
4. ‣ ϒϥ΢β޲͚ʹ΋Γ΋Γॻ͘ ‣ ΞϓϦ޲͚ͷAPI࡞Δͷʹͦͦ͜͜ॻ͘ ‣ ผαʔϏεͰ࡞ͬͨσʔλΛϢʔβʹಧ͚ΔͨΊʹ ͪΐͬͱॻ͘ ‣ DWHͷूܭσʔλ ‣ ػցֶशͷ෼ྨ݁Ռ… ͜Ε͔Βͷ͍ΖΜͳΤϯδχΞʹͱͬͯͷRails 
5. Is this Rails model?
   d
   େͳΓখͳΓ3BJMTΛ͞ΘΔͱ͖ͷΨΠυ 
6. Before Rails
7. ‣ Enterprise Java ‣ PofEAA, PofEAAಡॻձ ‣ Ruby ͸Ұ෦Ͱ͸࢖ΘΕ͍͕ͯͨʮ࢓ࣄͰ࢖͏ݴޠʯ Ͱ͸ͳ͔ͬͨɻ ‣ 2001-04: tDiary ‣ 2002- kagemai Before Rails: ~2003 
8. ‣ จܥେֶੜ ‣ େखిػϝʔΧʔʹSEͱͯ͠ब৬ ‣ 100+ਓɺ਺೥(?)͕͔ΓͷϓϩδΣΫτʹ഑ଐ ‣ ϓϩδΣΫτ಺ͷޮ཰ԽπʔϧΛ࡞ΔͷʹRuby͞ΘΔ NF
   !
   #FGPSF
   3BJMT 
9.  ‣ וాͷຊ԰Ͱങͬͨ ‣ net/telnetͰSolarisʹϩάΠϯͯ͠ ‣ γΣϧεΫϦϓτ࣮ߦͯ͠ ‣ ग़དྷͨϑΝΠϧΛnet/ftpͰ࣋ͬͯ͘ΔεΫϦϓτʹ ‣ VisualuRubyͰUI͚ͭͯ ‣ exerbͰݻΊͯϙϯஔ͖
10. Rails was coming
11. ‣ 2005-09: 
 AgileWebDevelopment with Rails ‣ 2005-12: Rails 1.0 ‣ 2007-12: Rails 2.0 
12. ‣ “Sustainable productivity for web-application development. ” ‣ 5෼ͰϒϩάΛ࡞Δ ‣ Opinionated framework: ओு͕ڧ͍ ‣ MVC, DRY… Rails was coming : 2004-2007 
13. ‣ At the heart of MVC (sniff) is what I call Separated Presentation. ‣ In MVC, the domain element is referred to as the model. Model objects are completely ignorant of the UI. ‣ http://martinfowler.com/eaaDev/uiArchs.html MVC 
14. ‣ app/{views,controllers,models} ‣ app/models ʹ͸ AcitveRecord::Base Λ
 ܧঝͨ͠”Ϟσϧ”ͷ਽ܗ͕Ͱ͖Δ Rails’ scaffold MVC 
15. ‣ σʔλϕʔεͷςʔϒϧ΍ϏϡʔͷྻΛϥοϓ͠ɺ σʔλϕʔεΞΫηεΛΧϓηϧԽ͠ɺυϝΠϯϩδο ΫΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ‣ http://bliki-ja.github.io/pofeaa/ActiveRecord/ Active recordύλʔϯ 
16. ‣ ΞΫηαΛDBεΩʔϚ͔Βಈతʹఆٛ ‣ fkͰࢀরͰ͖Δςʔϒϧؒͷؔ࿈(association)΋
 Ruby͔Βѻ͍΍͍͢ ‣ (͔ΜͨΜʹ࢖͏෼ʹ͸)SQLΛॻ͔ͳ͍͍ͯ͘ ActiveRecord: Rails default ORM 
17. ‣ ೔ຊRubyΧϯϑΝϨϯε2006 ͰͷDHHΩʔϊʔτ ‣ http://www.slideshare.net/vishnu/ discovering-a-world-of-resources-on-rails ‣ Webͷੈք΋CRUDʹந৅ԽͰ͖ΔͷͰ͸? RESTful & ActiveResource 
18. ‣ POST /groups/42/membership ‣ ͋ΘͤͯಡΈ͍ͨ: ָʑERDϨοεϯ ʮͰ͖͝ͱʯͷΤϯςΟςΟԽ 
19. ‣ Rails͕େϒʔϜʹ ‣ ʮϞσϧʯͱ͍͑͹ActiveRecord ‣ ग़དྷࣄΛΤϯςΟςΟԽ͢Ε͹RESTful΋Πέͦ͏ ‣ ʮ͖Ε͍ͳRESTʯͱ͸DBͷϨίʔυΛXML(!!)Ͱ
 ఏڙ͢Δ͜ͱ Rails was coming : 2004-2007 
20. me @ 2004 - 2007  ‣ Railsษڧձ@౦ژ ‣ લ৬ ESMʹస৬ ‣ ࢓ࣄͰRailsΛ࢖͍࢝ΊΔ ‣ RSpec΋
21. RailsϒʔϜ
22. ‣ 2010-08: Rails 3.0 ‣ Merb, Rack, Arel ‣ ·͞ʹ3rd system 
23. ‣ ARʹϩδοΫΛॻ͔ͳ͍ͷ͕ྲྀߦΔ(?) ‣ ෳ਺ςʔϒϧͷϨίʔυΛಡΈॻ͖Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ ‣ ʮͦ͏ͩ! ίϯτϩʔϥʹॻ͜͏!!ʯ Anemic domain model (υϝΠϯϞσϧශ݂঱) 
24. ‣ ίϯτϩʔϥʹϩδοΫ͕ॻ͔ΕΔ ‣ ڞ௨Խ΍ςετ͕೉͘͠ͳΔ ‣ MVCͱ͸ Fat Controller 
25. ‣ HTTPܦ༝ͰϨίʔυΛ࿐ग़͢Δ͚ͩͰ͸଍Γͳ͍ ‣ N+1໰୊ ‣ APIΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόͷີ݁߹Խ ‣ ΠϕϯτΤϯςΟςΟͷ๨٫ ‣ Anemic REST ʮ͖Ε͍ͳRESTʯͱARes 
26. ‣ ͍ΖΜͳاۀͰ࢖ΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ ‣ ελʔτΞοϓͳαʔϏεͰ΋ ‣ Πϯϋ΢εͰ΋ ‣ ٕज़తෛ࠴ΛෛͬͯαʔϏεΛ࢝ΊΔ/ҭͯΔ࣌ظ RailsϒʔϜ: 2008-2011 
27. ‣ RailsϨγϐϒοΫ, Rails 3Ϩγϐ ϒοΫ, ͸͡ΊΔCucumber!ͳͲ ग़൛ ‣ RailsͰςετΛॻ͖ͳ͕Βίʔυ Λॻ͍͍ͯͨɻ me@ 2008-2011 
28. Fat models & beyond: 2011-
29. ‣ 2013-06: Rails 4.0 ‣ Bundler, StrongParameters, Better ActiveModel ‣ 2016-08: Rails 5.0 ‣ ActiveJob, RailsAPI… 
30. ‣ ϩδοΫΛίϯτϩʔϥʹஔ͘ͱϝϯςφϯεੑ͕ Լ͕Δ ‣ ʮͦ͏ͩ! Ϟσϧʹॻ͜͏!!ʯ ‣ Ϟσϧ = ARϞσϧ Fat Models 
31. ‣ User΍Recipeͱ͍ͬͨαʔϏεͷओཁΤϯςΟςΟ ͕1,000+ߦ͘Β͍(Ժ౰ͳදݱ) ʹͳΔɻ ‣ όον͔Βsaveͨ࣌͠ʹൃՐ͢ΔίʔϧόοΫ΍ό Ϧσʔγϣϯɻ ‣ helper hell or දࣔ༻ϩδοΫͷϞσϧ௥Ճɻ Fat Models 
32. ‣ ʮϨίʔυʯ͡Όͳ͍Ϟσϧͷந৅ϨΠϠ͕Ͱ͖ͨɻ ‣ Rails 4+ Ͱ͔ͳΓ࢖͍΍͘͢ɻ ‣ FormObjectύλʔϯ ActiveModel::Model 
33. ‣ ϞσϧΫϥεԣஅతͳؔ৺͝ͱΛConcernʹநग़͠ ͨɻ ‣ app/{m,v,c}/concerns ‣ ࣮ଶ͸mixinͳͷͰ஫ҙɻ AS::Concern 
34. ‣ AMo::ValidatorΛܧঝͨ͠όϦσʔγϣϯ
 ϩδοΫͷநग़ɻ ‣ app/validators/ Validatorͷ෼཭ 
35. ‣ Draper ΍ ActiveDecorator ͕ ‣ දࣔ༻ϩδοΫΛϞσϧ͔Β෼཭ͤ͞Δɻ ‣ helperͰ໊͋ͬͨલۭؒڞ༗΍ୀ۶ͳୈҰҾ਺໰୊ ͕཈੍͞ΕΔɻ ‣ Ϟσϧͷ੹຿͕ݮΔɻ Decorator / Presenter 
36. ‣ 2-3ͭ΄ͲͷʮηοτͰѻ͏σʔλʯΛαʔϏεಛఆ ͷΫϥεͱͯ͠நग़ͨ͢͠΋ͷ ‣ ௨՟(୯Ґ, ֹۚ) ‣ ೔෇ൣғ(։࢝, ऴྃ) ͳͲͳͲ ValueObject (஋ΦϒδΣΫτ) 
37. ‣ ෳ਺ςʔϒϧͷૢ࡞ͦΕࣗମΛΦϒδΣΫτͱͯ͠ நग़͢Δɻ ‣ ͋Δը໘͔ΒͷΈ࢖͏ϩδοΫΛɺڞ༗͞ΕΔAR Ϟσϧ͔Β෼཭ͤ͞Δɻ ‣ cf: DCIͷӨڹ ‣ http://magazine.rubyist.net/?0041-RailsTheBadParts#l9 Interaction Object, Operation Object or Service Layer 
38. ‣ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ”͍͢͝”ΫϥεΛܧঝ͠ͳ͍
 ʮ;ͭ͏ͷʯ(plain old)ͳΫϥεɻ ‣ ૉ௚ʹॲཧΛநग़ͯ͠OOP͢Ε͹Α͍ɻ ‣ VO͸େ఍͜Ε ‣ αʔϏεΫϥε΋ॏްͳ਌Ϋϥεͳ͍ํ͕Αͦ͞͏? PORO: Plain Old Ruby Object 
39. ‣ https://github.com/trailblazer/trailblazer ‣ ͱ͍͏Α͏ͳ͜ͱΛʮ͜͜Ζ͕͚ʯ͔Β࣮૷ʹͯ͠ ͍Δgem ‣ Opinionated ͳͷͰ·Δͬͱ࠾༻Ͱ͖Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ͱ ΋͔͘ɺࢀߟʹͳΓͦ͏ɻ Trailblazer 
40. ‣ ඇಉظ ‣ ෳ਺DB (ਨ௚෼ׂ, ਫฏ෼ׂ, RW-Spliting, NoSQL) ‣ APIܦ༝ͷଞγεςϜ࿈ܞ ‣ JavaScriptͷ·͢·͢ͷߴ౓Խ ‣ WebSocket … More & more new challengers! 
41. ‣ Fat C ΑΓ͸Ϛγ͕ͩ Fat M ΋ͭΒ͍ɻ ‣ AR͚͕ͩϞσϧ͡Όͳ͍ɻ ‣ VO΍ServiceLayer΋MVCͰ͍͏ϞσϧͷҰछ ‣ ઐ༻ͷσΟϨΫτϦ΄ͬͯ΋͍͍ ‣ Railsͷ্ͰͩͬͯOOPͰ͖Δ! ΦϨλνͷFatModelͱͷઓ͍͸͜Ε͔Βͩ 
42. ‣ Railsͱ͔RSpecͱ͔nि໨ͷπϥϛΛຯΘ͍ͳ͕Β αʔϏε։ൃࢧԉ ‣ ίʔυϨϏϡʔͱ͔ ‣ GitHubͰͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃ͕ҰൠԽͨ͠ ‣ 2015 Cookpadʹస৬ͨ͠ ‣ Ruby΍Railsͷઃܭվળͱ͔ΞδϟΠϧ͓͡͞Μ me@ 2012- 
43. Is this Rails model?
44. ‣ ͨͿΜϞσϧͰ͢ɻ ‣ ͦͷ্Ͱ෼ׂ͍ͯ͘͠ͱ͍͍: ‣ දࣔϩδοΫΛdecoratorʹ ‣ VOΛ୳ͦ͏ ‣ ෳ਺ϞσϧΛ͞ΘΓ͚ͨΕ͹αʔϏεϨΠϠநग़͢Δͱྑ͍͔΋? Yes, maybe… 
45. ‣ ϢʔβʔʹՁ஋Λಧ͚ΔͷʹඞཁͳϨʔϧͱͯ͠
 ॻ͘ͱ͖ʹͨͷ͘͠ॻ͍ͯ΄͍͠ͳɻ ‣ ΨοπϦͱɺRailsͱOOઃܭপʹ͸·ͬͯॻ͘ͷ΋
 ͨͷ͍͠ͷͰҰॹʹ΍ͬͯ͘ΕΔਓ଴ͬͯ·͢ɻ ͳΜ͔ͩΜ͍ͩͬͯ΋Rails͸ͨͷ͍͠