Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Sign up for free

Midterm Review FINE 2600

Sponsored · Your Podcast. Everywhere. Effortlessly. Share. Educate. Inspire. Entertain. You do you. We'll handle the rest. →
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
October 16, 2012
Education
280
2

Midterm Review FINE 2600

Avatar for nichsara

nichsara

October 16, 2012

More Decks by nichsara

See All by nichsara
African and Australian Rock Art
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
0
270
Mapping the Cosmos: Mandalas
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
0
160
Mapping the Cosmos: Buddhist and Hindu Art in Southeast Asia
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
2
650
Lecture | Art of the Americas
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
1
160
Discussion | Modern Discrediting of Ancient Creativity
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
0
280
Discussion | African "Art" and the "Primitive"
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
1
530
Lecture | African Art and European Contact
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
1
660
Suger vs. Clairvaux
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
0
200
Romanesque and Gothic Architecture
Avatar for nichsara nichsara
1
690

Other Decks in Education

See All in Education
観察、仮説、実行、検証、計画、提案を一年で3000回トレーニングする方法/3000 Thinking Loops in 365 Days
Avatar for moriyuya moriyuya
5
1.4k
El Clima de España. Tema 2 (PPT)
Avatar for Juan Martín Martín juanmartin2026
0
19k
Carbohydrates: Classification, Structure & Chemical Properties
Avatar for Pawan Kumar Sahu pawan_pharm
0
320
医療事務養成の専門学校でのAI教育 非エンジニアの学生にAIを1年間使ってもらって、感じたこと
Avatar for Naoya Wada naochim2026
0
140
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
Avatar for Pawan Kumar Sahu pawan_pharm
0
180
Adobe Express
Avatar for Matleena Laakso matleenalaakso
2
8.4k
AIでアウトプットできる時代だからこそ、自分の言葉で考えることの大切さ / What's Left to Think, When AI Can Write?
Avatar for モブエンジニア（Masaki Okuda） masakiokuda
1
350
AIがコードを書く時代に、何を教えるのか / What Should We Teach in the Age of AI-Generated Code?
Avatar for ichiroc ichiroc
1
590
Sekolah Sabat - Triwulan 3 2026 - Pelajaran 13
Avatar for Adam hiola
0
11k
AIの力を100%引き出すために
Avatar for Frieve-A frievea
0
600
Science Tokyo University for International Research Excellence scheme_April 2026
Avatar for Science Tokyo （東京科学大学） / Science Tokyo (Institute of Science Tokyo) sciencetokyo
PRO
0
420
Draft Lesson Plan on the History of Information and Communication (included Submarine Cables)
Avatar for Negi-Char siu KISHIDA shuichikishida
0
140

Featured

See All Featured
Highjacked: Video Game Concept Design
Avatar for Ryan Kendrick rkendrick25
PRO
1
470
DevOps and Value Stream Thinking: Enabling flow, efficiency and business value
Avatar for Helen Beal helenjbeal
2
400
Building a Modern Day 
E-commerce SEO Strategy
Avatar for Aleyda Solis aleyda
45
9.2k
How to Think Like a Performance Engineer
Avatar for Harry Roberts csswizardry
28
2.9k
Speed Design
Avatar for Sergey Chernyshev sergeychernyshev
33
2.1k
How Software Deployment tools have changed in the past 20 years
Avatar for Geshan Manandhar geshan
2
35k
Hiding What from Whom? A Critical Review of the History of Programming languages for Music
Avatar for Tomoya Matsuura tomoyanonymous
3
1.3k
The Invisible Side of Design
Avatar for Vitaly Friedman smashingmag
301
52k
The Hidden Cost of Media on the Web [PixelPalooza 2025]
Avatar for Tammy Everts tammyeverts
2
510
Joys of Absence: A Defence of Solitary Play
Avatar for Sebastian Deterding codingconduct
1
530
KATA
Avatar for Megan Lloyd mclloyd
PRO
35
16k
Docker and Python
Avatar for Tania Allard trallard
47
4.2k

Transcript

  1. !"#$%&'()*+'(,%-"%.( )*+'(/0&'+$( !  1%2304(56(17"#%(589(:;<=( (!"#$%&!"'()%*'%+ +,)%-*+ +./-%/"*&0%1-)$#'+2*")34+ +./-%/"5-+0)67)8'57'*+ !  1%2304(556(>?&04070@A((:B=(

    (2-5'*+0-)4*$+)7+2"39*"+ +.("373-36)'5-+:"4*";+ !  1%2304(5556()99+A(:C=( (0%/41+13/"+<5=3"+ +%(*<*$+ D00#($0(E40.F( !  )*+'(8+$%6(G?H&9#+A(I2$J( ;K(L6<<MN6;O(P!J( !  G?%('"#M$%&'("9(.0&$?(COQ( 0R(A0H&(S4+7(@&+#%J( !  /H77(9$H#A(@H"#%("9(04( T7+2UV0+&#(H4#%&(W1$H#A( DH"#%9JX( (

  2. 1%2304(56(;<(17"#%(589(:Y<Z$9=( ! P&39$(:"R(U40.4=6(( ! G"$7%6( ! 1$A7%[\%&"0#6(( ! >H7$H&+7( 1"@4"S2+42%6(

  3. ]0$%9(04(D&+#"4@( 5J  1Z%77"4@6((P9(704@(+9(5(2+4(&%20@4"^%(.?+$(A0H( +&%($&A"4@($0(9Z%77_(A0H(."77(@%$(RH77(Z0"4$9J( 55J  >H7$H&+7(1"@4"S2+42%6(`0H(."77(V%(@&+#%#(04( $?%(+22H&+2A(0R(A0H&(R+2$(+4#($?%(9Z%2"S2"$A( 0R(A0H&(R+2$J( 555J  )*+'Z7%96(T%(+9(20'Z7%$%(+9(Z099"V7%(.?%4(

    '%4304"4@(+&$.0&U9(+9(%*+'Z7%9(:3$7%9(+4#( 2H7$H&%_(Z&%R%&+V7A=J(

  4. >?&04070@A( •  \7+2%(9%7%2$%#(97"#%9("4$0(2?&04070@"2+7(0&#%&J( •  `0H(."77(V%(@"-%4(C(@&0HZ9(0R(B(+4#(;(@&0HZ(0R( R0H&J( •  G?%9%(."77(V%(Z&0@&%99"049($?+$('+U%(9%49%_( 40$(&+4#0'("'+@%9J( • 

    G?%&%("9(40(&%+7(4%%#($0(7%+&4(%*+2$(#+$%9J( •  G?"9(9%2304("9(;<(Z$9J($0$+7J(

  5. ]%07"$?"2( \+7%07"$?"2( CY_<<<M;C_<<<(T>)( CN<<M;O<<(T>)( ;( C(

  6. 1H'%&"+4( BB<<MCO<<(T>)( PUU+#"+4( CCOYMCC;L( T>)( ;( C( ]%0M1H'%&"+4( B( C<N<(T>)(

    I7#(T+VA704"+4( ;KNCM;KO<(T>)( Y( P99A&"+4( ]%0MT+VA704"+4( OJ( a( K( LKOMK<a(T>)( \%&9"+4( a$?(>%4$H&A( O;LMYa<(T>)(

  7. )+&7A(8A4+932( I7#(E"4@#0'( !"##7%(E"4@#0'( ]%.(E"4@#0'( CNO<MCOKO(T>)( COKOMCBCO(T>)( ;NBLM;KOa(T>)( ;YKBM;;N<(T>)( ;( C(

    B( Y(

  8. >A27+#"2( !"40+4( !A2%4+%+4( Ca<<MCY<<(T>)( ;K<<M;YO<(T>)( ;a<<M;;<<(T>)(

  9. D%0'%$&"2( I&"%4$+7"^"4@( P&2?+"2( )+&7A(>7+99"2+7( b"@?(>7+99"2+7( c+$%(>7+99"2+7( b%77%4"932( ;( C( B(

    Y( O( a( K(

  10. )$&H92+4( ,0'+4()'Z"&%( ,0'+4(,%ZHV7"2( ;( C( B(

  11. None
  12. None

  13. )99+A(DH"#%7"4%9( •  P49.%&($?%(dH%9304J((1%&"0H97Ae( •  T%(9H&%($0(R0770.($?%(Z&0'Z$(%*+2$7A_( +49.%&"4@(%-%&A(Z+&$J( •  f?%4(+9U%#(R0&(%*+'Z7%9_(@"-%(9Z%2"S2( %*+'Z7%9(0R(+&$.0&UJ((( • 

    G?%('0&%(#%$+"7($?%(V%g%&J( •  !0&%(#%$+"79(+4#(+4+7A9"9(."77(%+&4(+(V%g%&( @&+#%J(

  14. /&+'"4@(8%-"2%9( >4*5$?+ ! P99H'Z304(0R(&%7"@"0H9( 9"@4"S2+42%J( ! ]H'V%&(0R(S4#9_(7+2U(0R( H4#%&9$+4#"4@[ %-"#%42%J( ! !H9%H'(#"9Z7+A9J( ! >H7$H&+7(-"%.9_(V"+9%9_( -+7H%9J(

    ! \&%2042%"-%#(40304J( @A5<9-*$?+ ! !+''0$?(?H$9( ! W!+9U(0R( P@+'%'404X(:12?7"%'+ 44=( ! Wh%4H9X(0R(f"77%4#0&R( ! 1$04%?%4@%( ! b+$9?%Z9H$(

  15. \&0V7%'(i;6(/&+'"4@(8%-"2%9( 5493$H3049(

  16. \&0V7%'(i;6(/&+'"4@(8%-"2%9( \%0Z7%( !)( `Ij(

  17. \&0V7%'(i;6(/&+'"4@(8%-"2%9( !%#"+(

  18. \&0V7%'(iC6(\%+U9(+4#(h+77%A9( k0?+44( k0+2?"'(( f"4U%7'+44( D"0&@"0(( h+9+&"( f0&#J( 1.%%$e( 80&AZ?0&09(

  19. \&0V7%'(iB6(>%4$%&"4@( G?"9( TH$(]0$(G?"9(

  20. \&0V7%'(iY6(>H7$(0R($?%(P&39$( P&39$( P&$( h"%.%&( >04$%*$(

  21. \&0V7%'(iY6(>H7$(0R($?%(P&39$( P&39$( P&$( h"%.%&( >04$%*$( P&39$( P&$( h"%.%&( >04$%*$(

  22. 107H3049l( •  T%(2&"32+7(0R(A0H&(90H&2%9J( •  T%(+.+&%(0R(+&$(?"9$0&Am9(?"9$0&AJ( •  P2U40.7%#@%($?%(Z&%9%42%(0R(R&+'"4@(#%-"2%9J( •  1$+&$(."$?($?%("'+@%J( (

    !!"#$%&%'()*+%'%),-).#)*'/%)-#0/1#.!!)

  23. 1$+&$(."$?($?%(5'+@%( ;J  T%(+V7%($0(#%92&"V%(.?+$(A0H(9%%("4(A0H&(0.4( .0&#9J( CJ  /0&'(A0H&(0.4("4$%&Z&%$+304(0R(+4("'+@%J( BJ  ,%+#(0$?%&(90H&2%9_(.%"@?"4@($?%'(+@+"49$( A0H&("4"3+7("4$%&Z&%$+304J( YJ 

    /0&'(+40$?%&("4$%&Z&%$+304(2049"#%&"4@( :+22%Z34@(0&(#"9'"99"4@=($?%("#%+9(A0H(?+-%( %420H4$%&%#J(

  24. >&"32+7(nH%93049( •  f?+$(+&%(R&+'"4@(#%-"2%9l(b0.(#0($?%A( "'Z+2$(0H&(H4#%&9$+4#"4@(0R(+42"%4$(+&$l( •  b0.(#0%9($?%(&07%9(0R(+&39$9("4($?%(+42"%4$( .0&7#(#"o%&(R&0'($?%(&07%9(0R(+&39$("4($?%( '0#%&4(.0&7#l( •  b0.("9('+$%&"+7("'Z0&$+4$($0($?%('%+4"4@(0R(

    +4(0Vp%2$l( •  b0.("9($?%($&"+4@7%(#"+@&+'(:+&39$("(+&$("( -"%.%&=(Z&0V7%'+32l(

  25. G?%(WD0##%99m9(G%'Z7%X("4($?%(]+$H&?"9$0&"92?%9( !H9%H'("4(h"%44+J( G?%(Wh%4H9X(("4(?%&(W$%'Z7%X(

  26. !+U"4@(Wh%4H9%9X( q( ;MK_(f0'+4(:Wh%4H9X=( R&0'(f"77%4#0&R_(PH9$&"+_( 2J(CY_<<<(T>)J( /+'0H9(h%4H9(8%Z"23049_(>+V+4%7(:G0Z=_(G"3+4( :T0g0'=_(\&+*"$%7%9(:7%r=J(

  27. Film still. Fantastic Mr. Fox. 2009. Directed by Wes Anderson.

    Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. Wf%(?+-%("4-%4$%#(40$?"4@("4(;C_<<<(A%+&9JX(Pg&"VH$%#($0(\"2+990( WP&$(R0&(P&$m9(1+U%X(

  28. !+p0&(G?%0&"%9(+V0H$(>+-%(\+"434@9( •  WP&$(R0&(P&$m9( 1+U%X(:\"2+990=( •  1A'Z+$?%32(!+@"2( :1+70'04(,%"4+2?[PVV%( b%4&"(T&%H"7=( •  1A'V07"2(1A9$%'9(:P4#&%(

    c%&0"MD0H&?+4=( •  >&099M>?&04070@"2+7( >0'Z+&"904(:kJDJ(/&+^%&(s( 8+-"#(c%."9Mf"77"+'9=( •  ]%H&0Z9A2?070@"2+7( !0#%7( W>+-%(IZ%4"4@(P&$X(G?%(]%.(`0&U%&( !+&2?(;O_(;NNN(

  29. María, daughter of Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, who participated in

    discovery of paintings at Altamira in November 1879.

  30. \+V70(\"2+990_(TH776(1$+@%9(5Mh555_(;NYOJ( ( WT"904X(0&(PH&02?9_(P7$+'"&+_(1Z+"4_(;C_O<<( T>)( WPr%&(P7$+'"&+_(+77("9(#%2+#%42%JX(

  31. 1"&(P&$?H&()-+49( b%"4&"2?(12?7"%'+44(

  32. !+7%(b+&Z(\7+A%&_(R&0'(E%&09_(>A27+#"2_(2+J( Ca<<MCB<<(T>)J( I92+&(f?"$%(!H92+&%77+_(R0&'%&( 2H&+$0&(R0&($?%(!%$_(&%2%4$7A(27+"'%#( $?"9(S@H&"4%(+(R0&@%&AJ(

  33. >049$+434(T&+42H9"_(17%%Z"4@(!H9%(5_( ;N<NM;<J((

  34. b%4&A(!00&%_(B*'-)7)76+C3<57_(;NO;J(

  35. ,%2049$&H2$%#(]0&$?()4$&+42%(0R($?%(\+7+2%(+$(E409909J( )-+49(#"&%2$%#($?%(&%2049$&H2304( 0R($?%(Z+7+2%(+9(+(2H7$H&+7(?%&"$+@%( 9"$%J( P7$%&4+$%(-"%.(

  36. \@J(NO_(G?%(90M2+77%#(W!+9U(0R(P@+'%'404X(D&+-%(1?+r(h_( D&+-%(>"&27%(P_(!A2%4+%_(D&%%2%_(!A2%4+%+4_(;a<<M;OO<(T>)(

  37. k%.%7&A(R&0'(D&+-%(>"&27%(P_(D&+-%9(5h(+4#(h_( !A2%4+%_(D&%%2%_(2J(;a$?(>%4$H&A(T>)J(

  38. 10Z?"+(12?7"%'+44(+9(Wb%7%4(0R(G&0A_X("4( k%.%7&A(R&0'(b"99+&7"U_(GH&U%A(:G&0A=_(2J( ;LK<J( 8+-"#(!+2+H7%A_(b+&&"%$(TH&$04("4($?%( G&%+9H&%9(0R($?%(!0$%7(0R($?%(!A9$%&"%9_(D3%*-+ 3E+%(*+D1$%*")*$_(;NKNJ(

  39. \@J(;;B(P(+4#(T_(G%'Z7%(0R(P%@"4+_(PZ?+"+_(D&%%2%_(."$?(+4#( ."$?0H$(&%2049$&H2$%#(Z+"4$_(2J(O<<MYN<(T>)(

  40. P&$(+4#(\0.%&( >4*5$?+ ! 1"^%6((T"@@%&(S@H&%9(?+-%( @&%+$%&("'Z0&$+42%J(( b"%&+32(12+7%J( b"%&+&2?"2+7(12+7%J( ! h"07%4$(0&(Wb%&0"2X( 8%%#9J( ! D00#(VA(+9902"+304J(( 1Z07"+J(

    ! 8"-"4"$A( @A5<9-*$?+ ! 1$%7%(0R(]+&+'(1"4( ! 8+&"H9(+4#(t%&*%9( ! \A&+'"#9(( ! P99?H&4+9"&Z+7(+4#( P99?H&V+4"V+7(u(c"04( 92%4%9_(V+g7%(92%4%_(( ! G&"H'Z?+7(P&2?%9(:G"$H9( +4#(>049$+434%=( ! 1$%7%(0R(b+''H&+V"(

  41. CMa_(b%+#(0R(PUU+#"+4(,H7%&_(]"4%-%?(:EHAH4p"U=_(5&+d( PUU+#"+4_(CBY<MC;L<(T>)(

  42. CM;_(1$%7%(0R(]+&+'(1"4_(1"ZZ+&_( 5&+d_(PUU+#"+4_(CCOYMCC;L(T>)(

  43. b"%&+32(12+7%( ( 1"^%(q(5'Z0&$+42%(

  44. >A7"4#%&(1%+7(."$?(f%+$?%&(D0#_(PUU+#"+4_( CBBYMC;OY(T>)( CM;_(1$%7%(0R(]+&+'(1"4_(1"ZZ+&_( 5&+d_(PUU+#"+4_(CCOYMCC;L(T>)(

  45. b%+#(0R(I7#(T+VA704"+4(,H7%&( :\099"V7A(b+''H&+V"=_(I7#( T+VA704"+4_(;N<<M;K<<(T>)(( b%+#(0R(PUU+#"+4(,H7%&_( PUU+#"+4_(CBY<MC;L<(T>)(

  46. Wf?%4(1?+'+9?(."$?(&+#"+4$(R+2%( ?+#(p0ARH77A(700U%#(HZ04('%(u('%(?"9( R+-0&"$%(9?%Z?%&#_(b+''H&+V"F$0( 2+H9%(pH932%($0(Z&%-+"7("4($?%(7+4#_($0( #%9$&0A($?%(."2U%#(+4#(%-"7($?+$($?%( 9$&04@('"@?$(40$(0ZZ&%99($?%(.%+UJX(( \@J(BL_(1$%7%(0R(b+''H&+V"_( I7#(T+VA704"+4_((;KNCM;KO<( T>)(

  47. •  W5R(+('+4(ZH$9(0H$($?%(%A%(0R(+40$?%&('+4_( ?"9(%A%(9?+77(V%(ZH$(0H$JX( •  W5R(?%(U"779(+('+4m9(97+-%_(?%(9?+77(Z+A(04%M $?"&#(0R(+('"4+JX( •  W5R(90'%04%(9$%+79(Z&0Z%&$A(R&0'(+( $%'Z7%_(?%(."77(V%(ZH$($0(#%+$?(+9(."77($?%( Z%&904(.?0(&%2%"-%9($?%(9$07%4(@00#9JX(

    •  W5R(+('+&&"%#(.0'+4(#"%9(V%R0&%(V%+&"4@( +4A(9049_(?%&(#0.&A(9?+77(V%(&%Z+"#($0(?%&( R+$?%&_(VH$("R(9?%(@+-%(V"&$?($0(9049_($?%( #0.&A(V%704@9($0($?%'JX( •  5R(+('+4(9$&"U%9(+(R&%%V0&4(.0'+4(90($?+$( 9?%(709%9(?%&(H4V0&4(2?"7#_(?%(9?+77(V+A( $%4(9?%U%79(R0&(?%&(7099J((5R($?%(.0'+4(#"%9( ?"9(#+H@?$%&(9?+77(V%(ZH$($0(#%+$?JX( •  W5R(+('+4("9(@H"7$A(0R("42%9$(."$?(?"9( #+H@?$%&_(?%(9?+77(V%(%*"7%#JX(

  48. CM;;_(,%2049$&H2304(0R($?%(>"$+#%7(+4#(\+7+2%(>0'Z7%*(0R(1+&@04($?%(55_( 8H&(1?+&&HU"4_(P99A&"+4_(KC<MK<O(T>)( 23*%)4) 5+'#.%)6##7) 89:) ;%.*<4=,-) Plan of the Anu

    Ziggurat and White Temple. Uruk, Iraq. c. 3300-3000 BCE.

  49. CM;C_(c+'+99H(/"@H&%9(R&0'(D+$%(P(0R($?%(>"$+#%7(0R(1+&@04(55_( 8H&(1?+&&HU"4(:E?0&9+V+#=_(5&+d_("4(9"$H_(KC;MK<a(T>)J(

  50. CM;C_(c+'+99H(/"@H&%9(+$(D+$%(P(0R($?%(>"$+#%7(0R(1+&@04(55( :]0.("4($?%(c0H-&%=_(KC;MK<a(T>)(

  51. c+'+99H(/"@H&%(+$(D+$%(P(0R($?%(>"$+#%7(0R(1+&@04(55_(KC<MK<O(T>)(

  52. c+'+99H(/"@H&%9(+$(D+$%(P(0R($?%(>"$+#%7(0R(1+&@04(55_(KC<MK<O( T>)J(

  53. c+'+99H(/"@H&%(+$(D+$%(P(0R($?%( >"$+#%7(0R(1+&@04(55_(KC<MK<O(T>)( 1$%7%(0R(]+&+'(1"4_(PUU+#"+4_( CCOYMCC;L(T>)(

  54. P99A&"+4(107#"%&9(G0&$H&"4@($?%(107#"%&9(0R(c+2?"2?_( \+7+2%(0R(1%44+2?%&"V_(]"4%-%?_(2J(K<<MaNO(T>)J(

  55. P99A&"+4(107#"%&9(G0&$H&"4@($?%(107#"%&9(0R(c+2?"2?_( \+7+2%(0R(1%44+2?%&"V_(]"4%-%?_(2J(K<<MaNO(T>)J( W5(v+A%#(+9('+4A(40V7%9(+9(?+#(&%V%77%#(+@+"49$('%( w+4#x(#&+Z%#($?%"&(9U"49(0-%&($?%(Z"7%(w0R(20&Z9%9xy( 90'%(5(9Z&%+#(0H$(."$?"4($?%(Z"7%_(90'%(5(%&%2$%#( 04(9$+U%9(HZ04($?%(Z"7%(JJJ(5(v+A%#('+4A(&"@?$( $?&0H@?('A(7+4#(w+4#x(#&+Z%#($?%"&(9U"49(0-%&($?%( .+779JX(MMP9?H&4+9"&Z+7(

  56. c+2?"2?(107#"%&9(V%"4@( "'Z+7%#_(\+7+2%(0R( 1%44+2?%&"V_(]"4%-%?_( 2J(K<<MaNO(T>)J( W5(2+Z$H&%#(907#"%&9(+7"-%(w+4#x( %&%2$%#(w$?%'x(04(9$+U%9(V%R0&%( $?%"&(2"3%9JX(u1?+7'+4%9%&(555(

  57. CM;<_(P99H&4+9"&Z+7(55(E"77"4@(c"049_(G?&04%(,00'(0R( $?%(\+7+2%(0R(P99?H&4+9"&Z+7(55_(E+7?H(:]"'&H#=_(5&+d_( P99A&"+4_(LKOMLa<(T>)J( P9?H&4+9"&Z+7(q((WP9?H&(@H+&#9($?%(?%"&X(

  58. c"04(bH4$_(R&0'($?%($?&04%(&00'(0R(P99H&V+4"Z+7_(]"4%-%?_(aYK(T>)( P9?H&V+4"Z+7(q(WP9?H&("9(2&%+$0&(0R($?%(904X(

  59. c"04(bH4$_(\+7+2%(0R(P99H&V+4"Z+7_(P99A&"+4_(aYK(T>)(

  60. 8A"4@(c"04_(G?&04%(,00'(0R(P9?H&V+4"Z+7_(]"4%-%?_(aYK(T>)(

  61. 8%+#(c"04_(G?&04%(,00'(0R(P9?H&V+4"Z+7_(]"4%-%?_(aYK(T>)(

  62. 8A"4@(c"04%99_(R&0'($?%(Z+7+2%(0R(P9?H&V+4"Z+7_( ]"4%-%?_(2J(aYK(T>)J(

  63. \@J(Y;_()4%'"%9(>&099"4@($?%()HZ?&+$%9($0()92+Z%(P99A&"+4( P&2?%&9_(R&0'($?%(\+7+2%(0R(P99H&4+9"&Z+7(55_(E+7?H(:]"'&H#=_( 5&+d_(LKOMLa<(T>)J(

  64. CM;B_(P99H&V+4"Z+7(+4#(?"9(nH%%4("4($?%(D+&#%4_( \+7+2%(0R(P99?H&V+4"Z+7_(]"4%-%?(:EHAH4p"U=_(5&+d_(aYK( T>)J( b%+#(0R(G%0'+4_(E"4@(0R(1H9+(

  65. ,%2049$&H2304(0R(\%&9%Z07"9_(2J(O;LMYa<(T>)((

  66. \7+4(0R(\%&9%Z07"9_(2J(O;LMYa<(T>)((

  67. PZ+#+4+(0R(8+&"H9(+4#(t%&*%9_(P2?+%'%4"#(\%&9"+4_(O;LMYa<(T>)(

  68. c"04(+g+2U"4@(+4(P4$%70Z%_(PZ+#+4+_(\%&9%Z07"9_( PZ+#+4+_(O;LMYa<(T>)((

  69. 1$+"&9(+4#(\&02%99"04+7(/&"%^%9_(PZ+#+4+_(P2?+%'%4"#( \%&9"+4_(O;LMYa<(T>)(

  70. 1$+"&9_(PZ+#+4+_(P2?+%'%4"#(\%&9"+4_(O;LMYa<(T>)(

  71. \&02%99"04+7(/&"%^%9_(PZ+#+4+_(P2?+%'%4"#(\%&9"+4_( O;LMYa<(T>)(

  72. \&02%99"04+7(/&"%^%9_(PZ+#+4+_(P2?+%'%4"#( \%&9"+4_(O;LMYa<(T>)(

  73. CM;L_(8+&"H9(+4#(t%&*%9(,%2%"-"4@(G&"VH$%_(#%$+"7(R&0'( $?%(PZ+#+4+_(\%&9%Z07"9_(5&+4_((P2?+%'%4"#(\%&9"+4_( YN;MYLa(T>)J(

  74. None

  75. \+ZA&H9( T7H%(c0$H9( E?+R&%(>H7$(1$+$H%(:8%$+"7=(

  76. !Rome is known fundamentally as an urban civilization !0#%7(0R($?%(>"$A(0R(5'Z%&"+7(,0'%( >#-3,?)#@)*+%)2#AA%--)

    6#73()B-*<C.A)D%.*/'E)DF))
  77. None
  78. None

  79. G&"H'Z?(

  80. G&+p+4( "3A',3.) "3A',3.) !+&2H9(PH&%7"H9( Arch of Constantine (south side). Rome.

    312-315 CE. 1Z07"+(

  81. P&$(+4#(,%7"@"04( >4*5$?+ ! T%4$(P*"9( ! b%"@?$(u(b"%&+32(12+7%( ! P22%99(u(204$&077%#(( ! 5907+304( ! 1+2&"S2%( @A5<9-*$?+ ! P4H(z"@@H&+$( ! G%'Z7%(0R(P'H4(+$(

    E+&4+U( ! P&+(\+2"9(( ! f+&U+(h+9%(

  82. 1+'+&&+( 1H'%&6(BB<<MCO<<(T>)(

  83. CMC_(P4H(z"@@H&+$(+4#(f?"$%(G%'Z7%_(j&HU_(5&+d_(\&0$07"$%&+$%( 1H'%&"+4(BB<<MB<<<(T>)(

  84. Plan of the Anu Ziggurat and White Temple. Uruk, Iraq.

    c.3300-3000 BCE T%4$MP*"9(

  85. !H#(T&"2U9(

  86. CMB_(>+&-%#(h%99%7(:f+&U+(h+9%=_(j&HU_(5&+d_(\&0707"$%&+$%(1H'%&"+4_( BB<<MB<<<(T>)J( f+$%&_(\7+4$9(+4#(P4"'+79J(

  87. D0##%99(&%2%"-"4@(0o%&"4@9{Z&0V+V7A(54+44+( CMB_(>+&-%#(h%99%7(:f+&U+(h+9%=_(j&HU_(5&+d_(\&0707"$%&+$%(1H'%&"+4_( BB<<MB<<<(T>)J(

  88. D0##%99(&%2%"-"4@(0o%&"4@9{Z&0V+V7A( 54+44+( CMB_(>+&-%#(h%99%7(:f+&U+(h+9%=_(j&HU_(5&+d_(\&0707"$%&+$%(1H'%&"+4_( BB<<MB<<<(T>)J(

  89. CM;Y_(,%2049$&H2304(0R( ]%VH2?+#4%^^+&(55m9( T+VA704(."$?(59?$+&(D+$%_( ]%0MT+VA704"+4_(a$?(>%4$H&A( T>)(

  90. 59?$+&(D+$%_(]%0MT+VA704"+4_(T+VA704_(2J( OKO(T>)J((:1%%(CM;O=(

  91. 59?$+&(D+$%_(]%0MT+VA704"+4_(T+VA704_(2J(OKO(T>)J(( :1%%(CM;O=(

  92. "3.G,.G)23'A%.-) #@);3HE0#.) CM;Y_(,%2049$&H2304(0R( ]%VH2?+#4%^^+&(55m9(T+VA704(."$?( 59?$+&(D+$%_(]%0MT+VA704"+4_(a$?( >%4$H&A(T>)( G?&04%(,00'(f+77_(]%0M T+VA704"+4_(T+VA704_(2J( OKO(T>)J((:1%%(CM;O=(

  93. 59?$+&(D+$%_(]%0MT+VA704"+4_( a$?(>%4$H&A(T>)( 8&+@049(R0&(!+&#HU( c"049(R0&(59?$+&( TH779(R0&(P#+#(

  94. None

  95. 3-18, Temple of Amun, Aerial View, Karnak, Egypt, 20th century

    BCE (begun).

  96. Hypostyle Hall Pylon I Most Holy of Places Sacred Lake

    Temple of Amun, Aerial View, Karnak, Egypt, 20th century BCE (begun).

  97. bAZ09$A7%(b+77("4($?%(D&%+$( G%'Z7%(0R(P'H4(+$(E+&4+U_(]%.( E"4@#0'_(;CN<M;CCY(T>)( Clerestory: The area of windows that rises

    above other parts of the roof.

  98. 5-31, Iktinos and Kallikrates. The Parthenon (seen from northwest). Acropolis,

    Athens, 447-438 BCE.

  99. 80&"2( 504"2( >&099M1%2304(0R($?%(\+&$?%404(

  100. OMB;_(\7+4(0R($?%(\+&$?%404(+4#("$9(92H7Z$H&+7( Z&0@&+'J(

  101. 5#%+7"9'(+4#(,%+7"9'( >4*5$?+ ! \0.%&J((( ! )@AZ3+46(>709%#( >0'Z09"304_(93o( Z09$H&%_(A0H$?_(( ! >+4049(0R(\&0Z0&304( ! ,0'+46(h%&"9'(( @A5<9-*$?+ ! E?+R&%(

    ! cA9"ZZ09_(\07AU7%"$09_( \?"#"+9(

  102. >H7$(1$+$H%(0R(E?+R&%_(I7#(E"4@#0'_(COC<MCYaO(T>)(

  103. b+$9?%Z9H$_(]%.(E"4@#0'( \%ZA(5_(I7#(E"4@#0'(

  104. None
  105. None

  106. OMCa_(f+&&"0&_(/0H4#("4($?%(9%+(0o(,"+2%_(5$+7A_()+&7A(>7+99"2+7_(Ya<MYO<( T>)(

  107. G?%(\&0Z0&3049(0R(\?"#"+9(

  108. q((:Z?"=(q(;(q(Ja;L<(

  109. \?"#"+9_(E+77"U&+$%9_(+4#( 5U3409_(/&04$+7(h"%.(0R( $?%(\+&$?%404_(G?%( D07#%4(,%2$+4@7%_( P2&0Z07"9(P$?%49_( YYKMYBC(T>)((

  110. \?"#"+9_(E+77"U&+$%9_(+4#(5U3409_(/&04$+7(h"%.(0R($?%(\+&$?%404_( P2&0Z07"9(P$?%49_(YYKMYBC(T>)((

  111. OMB;_(\?"#"+9_(E+77"U&+$%9_(+4#(5U3409_(/&04$+7(h"%.(0R($?%(\+&$?%404_( P2&0Z07"9(P$?%49_(YYKMYBC(T>)((

  112. B) IJBK) OMB;_(/700&(\7+4(0R(\+&$?%404_(54$%&"0&(0R($?%(\+&$?%404("9(+(D07#%4( ,%2$+4@7%J(

  113. 8"+@&+'(0R(\+&$?%404(."$?(%*+@@%&+$%#(2H&-%9(

  114. \?"#"+4(\&0Z0&3049(+4#($?%(bH'+4(/0&'(

  115. P$?%4+_(Pg&"VH$%#($0(\?"#"+9_(b"@?(>7+99"2+7_(2J( O$?(2%4$H&A(>)(

  116. P$?%4+_(Pg&"VH$%#($0(\?"#"+9_( b"@?(>7+99"2+7_(2J(O$?(2%4$H&A( >)(

  117. OMB<_(>H7$(1$+$H%(0R(P$?%4+( :,%2049$&H2304=_(\+&$?%404_( P2&0Z07"9_(P$?%49_(2J(YY<(T>)(

  118. +( V( OMB<_(>H7$(1$+$H%(0R(P$?%4+( :,%2049$&H2304=_(\+&$?%404_(P2&0Z07"9_( P$?%49_(2J(YY<(T>)( 1$+$H%g%(0R($?%(P$?%4+(]"U0Z?0&09_(Z099"V7%(,0'+4( 20ZA(0R($?%(\+&$?%404(2H7$(9$+$H%_(;9$(2%4$H&A(>)J(

  119. G?%(.5737(0R(\07AU7%"$09( \@J(;BY_(\07AU7%"$09_(80&AZ?0&09(:1Z%+&(T%+&%&=_(,0'+4(>0ZA( R&0'(D&%%U(I&"@"4+7_(b"@?(>7+99"2+7(2J(O$?(>%4$H&A(>)(

  120. WVH$(V%+H$A_(?%($?"4U9_(#0%9(40$(&%9"#%("4($?%(Z&0Z%&( Z&0Z0&304(0R($?%(%7%'%4$9(VH$("4($?%(Z&0Z%&(Z&0Z0&304( 0R($?%(Z+&$9_(9H2?(+9(R0&(%*+'Z7%($?+$(0R(S4@%&($0(S4@%&( +4#(+77($?%9%($0($?%(Z+7'(+4#(V+9%(0R(?+4#_(0R($?09%($0( $?%(R0&%+&'_(0R($?%(R0&%+&'($0($?%(HZZ%&(+&'(+4#(0R( %-%&A$?"4@($0(%-%&A$?"4@(%79%_(pH9$(+9(#%92&"V%#("4($?%( >+404(0R(\07AU7%"$09J(/0&(?+-"4@($+H@?$(H9("4($?+$(.0&U( +77($?%(Z&0Z0&3049(0R($?%(V0#A_(\07AU7%"$09(9HZZ0&$%#( ?"9($&%+39%(."$?(+(.0&U(0R(+&$_('+U"4@(+(9$+$H%( +220&#"4@($0($?%($%4%$9(0R($?%($&%+39%(+4#(2+77"4@("$_(7"U%(

    $?%($&%+39%("$9%7R_($?%(>+404J(10($?%4_(+77(Z?"7090Z?%&9( +4#(#02$0&9(+22%Z$($?+$(V%+H$A(&%9"#%9("4($?%(#H%( Z&0Z0&304(0R($?%(Z+&$9(0R($?%(V0#AJX(
  121. None
  122. None
  123. None

  124. >04$&+ZZ09$0( \A$?+@0&%+4(G+V7%(0R(IZZ09"$%9( ( (/"4"$% (( ( (54S4"$%( (I## ( ((

    ()-%4( (I4% ( ( (!+4A( (,"@?$ (( ( (c%r( (,%9$ ( ( (!0304( (1$&+"@?$ ( (>&00U%#( (c"@?$ ( ( (8+&U4%99( (D00# ( ( ()-"7( (1dH+&%( ( (IV704@(

  125. G?%(>+404(0R(cA9"ZZ09( OMYa_(cA9"ZZ09_(PZ0*A0'%409(:G?%(12&+Z%&=_(,0'+4(>0ZA(0R(+(D&%%U( I&"@"4+7_(c+$%(>7+99"2+7_(Y$?(2%4$H&A(>)(

  126. \07AU7%"$09_(80&AZ?0&09_(O$?(2J( cA9"ZZ09_(PZ0*A0'%409_(Y$?(2J(

  127. \@J(;BY_(\07AU7%"$09_(80&AZ?0&09_(O$?(2J(T>)( OMYa_(cA9"ZZ09_(PZ0*A0'%409_(Y$?(2J(T>)J(

  128. aM;C_(\0&$&+"$(0R(\+$&"2"+4(:WT&H$H9X=_(\&0V+V7A(0R()$&H92+4( P&39$&A_(,0'+4(,%ZHV7"2+4_(2J(B<<(T>)J(

  129. aM;Y_(\0&$&+"$(0R(PH7H9(!%$%77H9(:W$?%( I&+$0&X=_(4%+&(c+U%(G&+9"'%40_(,0'+4( ,%ZHV7"2+4_(2J(L<(T>)J(

  130. \@J(;K<_(\+$&"2"+4(>+&&A"4@(G.0( \0&$&+"$(b%+#9_()+&7A()'Z"&%_(2J(7+$%(;9$( 2%4$H&A(T>)(0&(%+&7A(;9$(2%4$H&A(>)J( !A2%4+%+4(/H4%&+&A(!+9U_(2J(;BO<(T>)J( W/0&(.?%4%-%&(04%(0R($?%(7%+#"4@('%4(+'04@9$(w$?%( ,0'+49x(#"%9FJ$?%A(Z7+2%(+(7"U%4%99(0R($?%(#%+#( '+4("4($?%('09$(ZHV7"2(Z+&$(0R($?%(?0H9%_(U%%Z"4@("$( "4(+(9'+77(.00#%4(9?&"4%J((G?%(7"U%4%99("9(+('+9U( %9Z%2"+77A('+#%(R0&(+(2709%(&%9%'V7+42%FP4#( .?%4%-%&(+(7%+#"4@('%'V%&(0R($?%(R+'"7A(#"%9_($?%A(

    "4$&0#H2%(w$?%(.+*('+9U9x_("4$0($?%(RH4%&+7( Z&02%99"04_(ZH|4@($?%'(04('%4(.?0(9%%'('09$( 7"U%($?%'("4(?%"@?$(+4#(+9(&%@+&#9($?%(&%9$(0R($?%"&( @%4%&+7(+ZZ%+&+42%FJ5$("9(40$(%+9A(R0&(+4(+'V"30H9( +4#(?"@?M'"4#%#(A0H4@('+4($0(9%%(+(S4%&(9Z%2$+27%( $?+4($?"9J((/0&($?09%(.?0(.0H7#(40$(V%(.04(0-%&(+$( $?%(9"@?$(0R(+77($?%('+9U9($0@%$?%&(0R($?09%('%4(.?0( ?+#(V%%4(%*$077%#(R0&(-"&$H%(+9("R($?%A(.%&%(+7"-%(+4#( V&%+$?"4@JX(u\07AV"H9(:b"9$0&A(0R(,0'%=((

  131. Portrait Head of an Elder. Roman Republican, c.80 BCE. h%&"9'(

  132. aM;L_(PH@H9$H9(\&"'+Z0&$+_(,0'+4( 5'Z%&"+7(;9$(2%4$H&A(>)J( \07AU7%"$09_(80&AZ?0&09_(,0'+4(>0ZA_(O$?( >%4$H&A(>)(

  133. 6-13, Portrait Head of an Elder. Roman Republican, c.80 BCE.

    6-18, Augustus Primaporta, Roman Imperial 1st century CE.

  134. 6-18, Augustus Primaporta, Roman Imperial 1st century CE. TH9$(0R(I2$+-"+4_(,0'+4(,%ZHV7"2+4_(2J( BN(T>)(

    P@%6(CY( P@%6(KK(

  135. ,07%9(0R($?%(P&39$( >4*5$?+ @A5<9-*$?+

  136. \&0V7%'(iY6(>H7$(0R($?%(P&39$( P&39$( P&$( h"%.%&( >04$%*$(

  137. \&0V7%'(iY6(>H7$(0R($?%(P&39$( P&39$( P&$( h"%.%&( >04$%*$( P&39$( P&$( h"%.%&( >04$%*$(