Pre-Roman Italy

Lecture given Thursday September 27, 2012

Transcript

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6. 1 THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN was culturally very diverse, with only small areas colonized by non- native peoples, Greeks and Phoenicians. Syracuse and Carthage were organized like Hellenistic monarchies, but one native state, the Roman Republic, defeated them and assumed a potential for patronage surpassing all of them. Concurrently, trade routes shown through Gaul and the eastern Alps were taken over by Roman merchants. Among surviving artworks are the bronzes of Praeneste (one of which bears an inscription 64 superb tradition of bronze casting and, above all, sculpture. Although this owed something Persephone, but the jewellery she wears is distinctively Iberian. The statue seems to have served as a funerary urn. 10˚ 10˚ 20˚ 40˚ 0˚ Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Temple of Melkart Río Tinto mines Nemi Luceria (Felsina) Verona Comum Entremont Roquepertuse Glanum Ensérune Tolosa (Toulouse) Mediolanum (Milan) Bononia (Bologna) Clusium Ariminum Spina Perusia Spoletium Alba Fucens Ostia Motya Èze Nicaea Tivissa Tarraco Numantia Rhode Emporiae Ullastret (Gerona) Agathe Santesteban Despenaperros Baza Cigarralejo Porcuna Castulo Tejada la Vieja Massalia ˘ Carthago Nova Ebusus Paterno Volsinii (Bolsena) Taras (Tarentum) Cumae Santa Eufemia Avola Gela Sabratha Oea Leptis Magna Vulci Populonia Rome Caere Pyrgi Tarquinii Cosa Casilinum (Capua) Praeneste Tarracina Puteoli Stabiae Salernum Pompeii Nola Veii Neapolis Herculaneum Poseidonia Heraclea Sybaris (Thurii) Metapontum Apollonia Canusium Beneventum Aesernia Kerkouane Hadrumetum Kef el-Blida Utica Zama Cirta Iol Selinus Nora Tharros Himera Morgantina Heraclea Minoa Zancle (Messana) Carthage Syracuse Segesta Acragas (Agrigentum) Croton Locri Rhegion (Rhegium) Montefortino Arretium Marzabotto Pisae Gades Malaca Carteia Tingis Abdera Rusaddir Carmona Hemeroscopeum Saguntum Tagus Eb ro Rhône Po Tiber ATLANTIC OCEAN M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A ADRIATIC SEA T Y R R H E N I A N S E A A L P S P Y R E N E E S C E L T I B E R I A N S B E R B E R S I L L Y R I A N S N U M I D I A N S C E L T S L I G U R I A N S SICILY SARDINIA CORSICA BA L E A R I C I S A F R I C A Tin from Bri tain Tin from Britain amber N 0 0 150 miles 200 kms cities of Celtic origin peoples currents in the Mediterranean silver sources silver finds gold sources gold finds tin sources BERBERS tin trade routes amber amber trade route centres of bronze manufacturing mints paintings mosaics palaces Cu Greek temples important early non-Greek temples Punic sculpture Iberian sculpture Greek sculpture Etruscan sculpture Celto-Ligurian sculpture copper sources 1 Greeks, Carthaginians and Etruscans: The Western Mediterranean World, c.450 BC Punic settlement Iberian settlement Greek hegemony Punic cities Iberian cities Greek cities Italic cities Etruscan cities
7. Cu Nemi Luceria (Felsina) Verona Comum Entremont Roquepertuse Glanum Mediolanum (Milan) Bononia (Bologna) Clusium Ariminum Spina Perusia Spoletium Alba Fucens Ostia Èze Nicaea Massalia Volsinii (Bolsena) Vulci Populonia Rome Caere Pyrgi Tarquinii Cosa Praeneste Puteoli Nola Veii Aesernia Montefortino Arretium Marzabotto Pisae Rhône Po Tiber A A L P S L T S L I G U R I A N S CORSICA
8. 1 THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN was culturally very diverse, with only small areas colonized by non- native peoples, Greeks and Phoenicians. Syracuse and Carthage were organized like Hellenistic monarchies, but one native state, the Roman Republic, defeated them and assumed a potential for patronage surpassing all of them. Concurrently, trade routes shown through Gaul and the eastern Alps were taken over by Roman merchants. Among surviving artworks are the bronzes of Praeneste (one of which bears an inscription 64 superb tradition of bronze casting and, above all, sculpture. Although this owed something Persephone, but the jewellery she wears is distinctively Iberian. The statue seems to have served as a funerary urn. 10˚ 10˚ 20˚ 40˚ 0˚ Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Temple of Melkart Río Tinto mines Nemi Luceria (Felsina) Verona Comum Entremont Roquepertuse Glanum Ensérune Tolosa (Toulouse) Mediolanum (Milan) Bononia (Bologna) Clusium Ariminum Spina Perusia Spoletium Alba Fucens Ostia Motya Èze Nicaea Tivissa Tarraco Numantia Rhode Emporiae Ullastret (Gerona) Agathe Santesteban Despenaperros Baza Cigarralejo Porcuna Castulo Tejada la Vieja Massalia ˘ Carthago Nova Ebusus Paterno Volsinii (Bolsena) Taras (Tarentum) Cumae Santa Eufemia Avola Gela Sabratha Oea Leptis Magna Vulci Populonia Rome Caere Pyrgi Tarquinii Cosa Casilinum (Capua) Praeneste Tarracina Puteoli Stabiae Salernum Pompeii Nola Veii Neapolis Herculaneum Poseidonia Heraclea Sybaris (Thurii) Metapontum Apollonia Canusium Beneventum Aesernia Kerkouane Hadrumetum Kef el-Blida Utica Zama Cirta Iol Selinus Nora Tharros Himera Morgantina Heraclea Minoa Zancle (Messana) Carthage Syracuse Segesta Acragas (Agrigentum) Croton Locri Rhegion (Rhegium) Montefortino Arretium Marzabotto Pisae Gades Malaca Carteia Tingis Abdera Rusaddir Carmona Hemeroscopeum Saguntum Tagus Eb ro Rhône Po Tiber ATLANTIC OCEAN M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A ADRIATIC SEA T Y R R H E N I A N S E A A L P S P Y R E N E E S C E L T I B E R I A N S B E R B E R S I L L Y R I A N S N U M I D I A N S C E L T S L I G U R I A N S SICILY SARDINIA CORSICA BA L E A R I C I S A F R I C A Tin from Bri tain Tin from Britain amber N 0 0 150 miles 200 kms cities of Celtic origin peoples currents in the Mediterranean silver sources silver finds gold sources gold finds tin sources BERBERS tin trade routes amber amber trade route centres of bronze manufacturing mints paintings mosaics palaces Cu Greek temples important early non-Greek temples Punic sculpture Iberian sculpture Greek sculpture Etruscan sculpture Celto-Ligurian sculpture copper sources 1 Greeks, Carthaginians and Etruscans: The Western Mediterranean World, c.450 BC Punic settlement Iberian settlement Greek hegemony Punic cities Iberian cities Greek cities Italic cities Etruscan cities
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16. 1 THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN was culturally very diverse, with only small areas colonized by non- native peoples, Greeks and Phoenicians. Syracuse and Carthage were organized like Hellenistic monarchies, but one native state, the Roman Republic, defeated them and assumed a potential for patronage surpassing all of them. Concurrently, trade routes shown through Gaul and the eastern Alps were taken over by Roman merchants. was a political leader in the Mediterranean. Among surviving artworks are the bronzes of Praeneste (one of which bears an inscription 64 Spain characterized by elegant pottery, a superb tradition of bronze casting and, above all, sculpture. Although this owed something related to the Punic Tanit and the Greek Persephone, but the jewellery she wears is distinctively Iberian. The statue seems to have served as a funerary urn. 10˚ 10˚ 20˚ 40˚ 0˚ Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Temple of Melkart Río Tinto mines Nemi Luceria (Felsina) Verona Comum Entremont Roquepertuse Glanum Ensérune Tolosa (Toulouse) Mediolanum (Milan) Bononia (Bologna) Clusium Ariminum Spina Perusia Spoletium Alba Fucens Ostia Motya Èze Nicaea Tivissa Tarraco Numantia Rhode Emporiae Ullastret (Gerona) Agathe Santesteban Despenaperros Baza Cigarralejo Porcuna Castulo Tejada la Vieja Massalia ˘ Carthago Nova Ebusus Paterno Volsinii (Bolsena) Taras (Tarentum) Cumae Santa Eufemia Avola Gela Sabratha Oea Leptis Magna Vulci Populonia Rome Caere Pyrgi Tarquinii Cosa Casilinum (Capua) Praeneste Tarracina Puteoli Stabiae Salernum Pompeii Nola Veii Neapolis Herculaneum Poseidonia Heraclea Sybaris (Thurii) Metapontum Apollonia Canusium Beneventum Aesernia Kerkouane Hadrumetum Kef el-Blida Utica Zama Cirta Iol Selinus Nora Tharros Himera Morgantina Heraclea Minoa Zancle (Messana) Carthage Syracuse Segesta Acragas (Agrigentum) Croton Locri Rhegion (Rhegium) Montefortino Arretium Marzabotto Pisae Gades Malaca Carteia Tingis Abdera Rusaddir Carmona Hemeroscopeum Saguntum Tagus Eb ro Rhône Po Tiber ATLANTIC OCEAN M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A ADRIATIC SEA T Y R R H E N I A N S E A A L P S P Y R E N E E S C E L T I B E R I A N S B E R B E R S I L L Y R I A N S N U M I D I A N S C E L T S L I G U R I A N S SICILY SARDINIA CORSICA BA L E A R I C I S A F R I C A Tin from Bri tain Tin from Britain amber N 0 0 150 miles 200 kms cities of Celtic origin peoples currents in the Mediterranean silver sources silver finds gold sources gold finds tin sources BERBERS tin trade routes amber amber trade route centres of bronze manufacturing mints paintings mosaics palaces Cu Greek temples important early non-Greek temples Punic sculpture Iberian sculpture Greek sculpture Etruscan sculpture Celto-Ligurian sculpture copper sources 1 Greeks, Carthaginians and Etruscans: The Western Mediterranean World, c.450 BC Punic settlement Iberian settlement Greek hegemony Punic cities Iberian cities Greek cities Italic cities Etruscan cities
17. Nemi Luceria (Felsina) mont se Bononia (Bologna) Clusium Ariminum Perusia Spoletium Alba Fucens Ostia Nicaea Volsinii (Bolsena) Cumae Vulci Populonia Rome Caere Pyrgi Tarquinii Cosa Casilinum (Capua) Praeneste Tarracina Puteoli Stabiae Pompeii Nola Veii Neapolis Herculaneum H Canu Beneventum Aesernia Tharros Montefortino Arretium Marzabotto Pisae Tiber ADRI I R I A N S RDINIA CORSICA 7#"M#,#":*
18. Necropolis (City of the dead), with tumuli tombs, Cerveteri.
19. Necropolis (City of the dead), with tombs. Cerveteri.
20. Necropolis (City of the dead), with tombs. Cerveteri.
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