Developing a Language for 3D Cartography

Kenneth Field
ESRI
#nacis2015

Transcript

1. DEVELOPING A LANGUAGE FOR 3D CARTOGRAPHY Kenneth Field @kennethfield kfield@esri.com
3. 2300 B.C.
7. Length Area Volume
8. Length Area Volume
9. Scale Roger Smith, Geographx
10. Scale Direction Roger Smith, Geographx
11. Scale Direction Focus Roger Smith, Geographx
12. Scale Direction Focus Occlusions Roger Smith, Geographx
13. Scale Direction Focus Occlusions Sectioning Roger Smith, Geographx
15. Perception of 3D pie charts
16. 3D extrusion
17. 3D extrusion
18. Difficulties with 3D Comparisons Estimation of value/volume Perspective distortion Symbol scale distortion Directional inconsistencies Focal point Occlusions Sectioning Rotation disorientating Technically challenging
19. Difficulties with 3D Comparisons Estimation of value/volume Perspective distortion Symbol scale distortion Directional inconsistencies Focal point Occlusions Sectioning Rotation disorientating Technically challenging So why do we use 3D?… Visually interesting Real-world view Better terrain recognition Unconstrained Lacks rules Aesthetically exciting Pushes the limits More artistic/less graphic Great for marketing and advertising …because we’ve always used 3D
30. 3D guidelines • Use dictates structure - Promotional maps require less structure. Thematics require more structure • Impact - 3D can be powerful, eye-catching and immersive. Use to support attention- grabbing needs • Content - Simplification and Generalisation have never been more important. Clean. Simple. Functional • Texture - Avoid flat colours…add textures • Natural realistic not photorealistic • Symbols - Mimetic symbols support easier recognition • Typography - Still important but don’t overload. Rotate with scene if possible but not to be overbearing • Projection - Use axonometric where possible to maintain scale particularly for analytical map functions
31. 3D guidelines • Sky and haze – avoid sky but include haze which aids depth cue perception • Space-Time Cubes - Good for linear data, OK for point, poor for area…try not to overload or stack • Z value does not have to depict height or time (get creative!) • Scene control - Avoids occlusions by supporting multiple views but avoid too much rotation • Bookmarks - Guide users…supports camera reposition without user control • Interaction - Allow data to be recovered, overcomes measurement limits • Narration - Guides and improves interpretation
32. If the third dimension doesn’t encode something useful… STICK WITH 2D
35. carto.maps.arcgis.com @kennethfield kfield@esri.com Thank you