$30 off During Our Annual Pro Sale. View Details »

Developing a Language for 3D Cartography

Developing a Language for 3D Cartography

Kenneth Field
ESRI
#nacis2015

Nathaniel V. KELSO

October 16, 2015
Tweet

More Decks by Nathaniel V. KELSO

Other Decks in Education

Transcript

  1. DEVELOPING A LANGUAGE FOR 3D
    CARTOGRAPHY
    Kenneth Field
    @kennethfield
    [email protected]

    View Slide

  2. View Slide

  3. 2300 B.C.

    View Slide

  4. View Slide

  5. View Slide

  6. View Slide

  7. Length Area Volume

    View Slide

  8. Length Area Volume

    View Slide

  9. Scale
    Roger Smith, Geographx

    View Slide

  10. Scale
    Direction
    Roger Smith, Geographx

    View Slide

  11. Scale
    Direction
    Focus
    Roger Smith, Geographx

    View Slide

  12. Scale
    Direction
    Focus
    Occlusions
    Roger Smith, Geographx

    View Slide

  13. Scale
    Direction
    Focus
    Occlusions
    Sectioning
    Roger Smith, Geographx

    View Slide

  14. View Slide

  15. Perception of 3D pie charts

    View Slide

  16. 3D extrusion

    View Slide

  17. 3D extrusion

    View Slide

  18. Difficulties with 3D
    Comparisons
    Estimation of value/volume
    Perspective distortion
    Symbol scale distortion
    Directional inconsistencies
    Focal point
    Occlusions
    Sectioning
    Rotation disorientating
    Technically challenging

    View Slide

  19. Difficulties with 3D
    Comparisons
    Estimation of value/volume
    Perspective distortion
    Symbol scale distortion
    Directional inconsistencies
    Focal point
    Occlusions
    Sectioning
    Rotation disorientating
    Technically challenging
    So why do we use 3D?…
    Visually interesting
    Real-world view
    Better terrain recognition
    Unconstrained
    Lacks rules
    Aesthetically exciting
    Pushes the limits
    More artistic/less graphic
    Great for marketing and advertising
    …because we’ve always used 3D

    View Slide

  20. View Slide

  21. View Slide

  22. View Slide

  23. View Slide

  24. View Slide

  25. View Slide

  26. View Slide

  27. View Slide

  28. View Slide

  29. View Slide

  30. 3D guidelines
    • Use dictates structure - Promotional maps require less structure. Thematics require more
    structure
    • Impact - 3D can be powerful, eye-catching and immersive. Use to support attention-
    grabbing needs
    • Content - Simplification and Generalisation have never been more important. Clean.
    Simple. Functional
    • Texture - Avoid flat colours…add textures
    • Natural realistic not photorealistic
    • Symbols - Mimetic symbols support easier recognition
    • Typography - Still important but don’t overload. Rotate with scene if possible but not to be
    overbearing
    • Projection - Use axonometric where possible to maintain scale particularly for analytical
    map functions

    View Slide

  31. 3D guidelines
    • Sky and haze – avoid sky but include haze which aids depth cue perception
    • Space-Time Cubes - Good for linear data, OK for point, poor for area…try not to overload
    or stack
    • Z value does not have to depict height or time (get creative!)
    • Scene control - Avoids occlusions by supporting multiple views but avoid too much
    rotation
    • Bookmarks - Guide users…supports camera reposition without user control
    • Interaction - Allow data to be recovered, overcomes measurement limits
    • Narration - Guides and improves interpretation

    View Slide

  32. If the third dimension doesn’t encode something useful…
    STICK WITH 2D

    View Slide

  33. View Slide

  34. View Slide

  35. carto.maps.arcgis.com
    @kennethfield
    [email protected]
    Thank you

    View Slide