Chapter II (Social Rights), articles 6 and 7, items XXII, XXIII, XXVIII and XXXIII, specifically provides for the safety and health of workers. The Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) dedicates its Chapter V to Occupational Safety and Medicine, in accordance with the wording given by Law 6,514, of December 22, 1977. The then Ministry of Labor, through Ordinance No. 3,214, of June 8, 1978, approved the Regulatory Standards (NR) provided for in Chapter V of the CLT and established that subsequent amendments to these NR would be determined by the Secretariat of Occupational Safety and Health, an agency of the current Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). (NB 1318 – NBR 12246)
NR-06 - EPI NR- 07 - PCMSO NR- 09 – PPRA NR-33 REGULATES ACTIVITIES IN EC NR-10 – SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND SERVICES NR-13 – BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS NR-34 - SAFETY IN SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR MR-35 - WORKING AT HEIGHT NR-15 – UNHEALTHY ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS NR-18 – WORKING CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ORDINANCE 3214/78 - REGULATORY STANDARDS
environment not designed for continuous human occupation, which has limited means of entry and exit, whose existing ventilation is insufficient to remove contaminants or where there may be a deficiency or enrichment of oxygen”. According to ABNT/NBR-16577-2017 : Any area not designed for continuous human occupancy, which has limited means of entry and exit or an internal configuration that may cause entrapment or asphyxiation in a worker and in which ventilation is non-existent or insufficient to remove hazardous contaminants and/or oxygen deficiency/enrichment that may exist or develop or contain a material with the potential to engulf/drown a worker entering the space. DEFINITION, IDENTIFICATION OF CONFINED SPACES
space, defined in the registry with the risks inherent to the location, before the worker enters this space. Risk control measures are guided by the entry and work permit (PET) Characteristic of the change caused by the activity(ies) to be performed inside the confined space, its risk evolution dynamics associated with the risks present in the "undisturbed" confined space. In this case, risk control measures are based on the preliminary risk analysis (PRA). "UNDISTURBED" CONFINED SPACE "DISTURBED" CONFINED SPACE
LEVEL EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 16%; WHERE THE FLAMMABILITY LEVEL IS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 10% OF THE LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL); WHOSE ASSISTANCE TO POTENTIAL VICTIMS REQUIRES THE ENTRY OF MORE THAN ONE PERSON EQUIPPED WITH A MASK AND/OR SPECIAL CLOTHING; COMMUNICATION REQUIRES THE PRESENCE OF MORE THAN ONE PERSON ON STANDBY WITHIN THE CONFINED SPACE. GROUP A GROUP A
OXYGEN LEVEL OF 16.1% TO 19.4%; • WHERE THE EXPLOSIVE LEVEL IS 10% TO 19% OF THE LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL); HAVE ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: GROUP B GROUP B GROUP C GROUP C • POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS TO LIFE; • DOES NOT REQUIRE MODIFICATIONS TO THE USUAL PROCEDURES FOR NORMAL WORK; • OXYGEN LEVEL VARIES FROM 19.5% TO 21.4%. HAVE ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
people enter through an opening into a confined space. This action is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the worker's body passes beyond the plane of an opening in the confined space. Any and all work in confined spaces must be carried out by at least two people, one of whom must be a watchman.
in Confined Spaces; Inspection and selection of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) to be used; Risk Assessment before PET (Entry and Work Permit); Control measures to be adopted for Identified Risks; Attention of the entire team during work in the Confined Space; Check the operation of all Collective Protection Equipment; The equipment present on site must be those included in the planning;
conditions inherent to the work environment or to the operational process of various professional activities. They are, therefore, the environmental conditions of occupational safety capable of affecting the health, safety and well-being of the worker. These are the environmental conditions that allow entry into a confined space where there are technical risk protection criteria: Physicists Biologicals Chemicals Accidents Ergonomic
are not perceptible and their penetration can occur through absorption, ingestion, inhalation and injection; Storage of materials, use of some types of coatings or solvents. Decomposing organic material displaces oxygen and can produce CH4, H2S, CO or CO2 gases; Toxic gases can cause harmful effects to health. The LT (Tolerance Limit) is given by Regulatory Standard 15 – NR 15. CHEMICAL RISKS TOXIC ATMOSPHERE
X 3 = 2,4 PPM LT DO H2S = 8 PPM VM = 8 PPM X 2 = 16 PPM LT DO CO = 39 PPM VM = 39 PPM X 1,5 = 58 PPM LT DO CO 25 CONFORME NIOSH VM DO CO 25 X 1,5 = 37,5 PPM CHEMICAL RISKS The maximum value cannot exceed the working day at any time, under penalty of being considered a situation of serious and imminent risk.
main characteristic is the smell of rotten eggs which, in high concentrations, inhibits the sense of smell. The tolerance limit for 8 hours is 8 ppm. Maximum value 16 ppm (8 ppm X 2 = 16 ppm). HYDROGEN SULFIDE
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Property or condition inherent in a substance or activity capable of causing harm to people, property or the environment. Identification of undesirable events that lead to the materialization of a hazard. Adoption of practical procedures to protect people, property and the environment, ensuring operational continuity. It is the exposure to danger
control access to any and all confined spaces; Consider that operations on grain surfaces are extremely dangerous and that the entry and movement of workers over grain masses or materials that pose risks of engulfment, burial, drowning and suffocation are prohibited, unless guaranteed by means of risk analysis and adoption of collective and/or individual measures that are proven to be effective. Specific signage must be maintained at the entrance to the storage area, stating its risks and prohibiting access; IN THE RECOGNITION AND EVALUATION OF CONFINED SPACES, THE FOLLOWING METHODOLOGY MUST BE IMPLEMENTED:
spaces is disclosed to all employees, whether in-house or outsourced; Designate and train people who have active obligations in entry operations, listing the duties of each worker; Check conditions in confined spaces to determine whether entry conditions are safe. Continuously monitor the interior of confined spaces where authorized workers are working. (source ABNT NBR-16577-2017) IN THE RECOGNITION AND EVALUATION OF CONFINED SPACES, THE FOLLOWING METHODOLOGY MUST BE IMPLEMENTED:
This assessment must be carried out with intrinsically safe equipment, approved and certified by a Certification Body (INMETRO) for work in potentially explosive areas.
to workers who need to enter that confined space. If there is a need to carry out work in an IDLH atmosphere or one that is potentially capable of reaching levels of an atmosphere that is Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH), workers must be TRAINED and use personal protective equipment (PPE) that guarantees their health and physical integrity. The instrument used for this measurement must be previously calibrated and tested. In addition, the following measures should be taken based on this data:
atmosphere is detected, the following measures must be taken: The confined space must be re-analyzed to determine how the hazardous atmosphere developed. The employer must verify that the confined space is safe for entry and ensure that steps prior to entry have been taken through written entry permission.
ENTRY INTO CONFINED SPACES. THEY ARE: If tests indicate that the oxygen level is greater than 23%, “hot” work (risk of sparking) is prohibited until ventilation techniques have reduced the oxygen level to 21%. OXYGEN DEFICIENCY; EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE; TOXIC SUBSTANCES; FIRE; The amount of oxygen contained in the space to be tested must be above (19.5% and below 23%;
may be encountered during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of exposure to the agent. The entry supervisor must verify proper entries into confined spaces, testing, procedures, and the presence of equipment listed in the PET on site. The entry supervisor must question the authorized worker(s) about their health status prior to performing activities in a confined space, in order to identify any momentary discomfort.
necessary. The entry supervisor must check that emergency and rescue services are available and that the means to activate them are operational. The entry supervisor must determine, in the event of a change of guard shift, that responsibility for the continuity of the operation be transferred to the next guard. (source ABNT NBR-16577-2017)
during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure; Use PPE and EPR equipment properly; Know how to operate communication resources to allow the guard to monitor your actions and alert you of the need to leave the confined space. The employer, or his representative, must ensure that all authorized workers:
If the worker recognizes any sign of danger, risk or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation; If the abandonment alarm is activated. Recognize any danger signs or symptoms of exposure to an unforeseen dangerous situation; Detect a prohibited condition. Exit from a confined space must be processed immediately under the following conditions: The worker must alert the security guard whenever:
measures that may be faced during entry, including information on the method, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure to the agents. You must be aware of the exposure risks of authorized workers. Must continually maintain an accurate count of the number of workers authorized in the confined space and ensure that the means used to identify them are accurate; The guard must remain outside the confined space, near the entrance and continuously, during activities until he is replaced by another guard.
continuously, during activities until replaced by another guard. You must maintain communication with workers to monitor their conditions and to alert them to the need to leave the confined space. Must operate people movers in normal or emergency situations. The lookout must call the rescue team when necessary. You cannot perform any other task that could compromise monitoring and worker protection.
is safe for workers to remain inside the space. The watchman must order workers to immediately leave the confined space under any of the following conditions: DETECT A DANGEROUS CONDITION; DETECT A SITUATION OUTSIDE THE SPACE THAT COULD POSE A DANGER TO WORKERS; IF YOU CANNOT EFFECTIVELY AND SAFELY PERFORM ALL YOUR DUTIES;
the atmosphere with ventilation and corroborating measurements, with gas detectors and electrical/electronic equipment suitable for classified areas, and then proceed with the rescue; Each member of the rescue service must have physical and mental fitness compatible with the activity to be performed;
perform work in confined spaces (authorized worker) as well as to perform the designated rescue tasks; The training of the rescue team must cover all possible accident scenarios identified in the risk analysis; The rescue team is exempt from issuing the PET. (source ABNT NBR-16577-2017)
the employer, or his representative, must document the set of measures necessary to prepare for a safe entry. The completed entry and work permit (PET) must be made available to authorized workers by displaying it at the entrance or by any other equally effective means. The entry and work permit must be terminated when: The covered entry transactions have been completed; There is an exit, pause or interruption of work in confined spaces.
to the emergence of additional risks must be archived for a period of five years and will serve as a basis for reviewing the program. (source ABNT NBR-16577-2017) When an unforeseen condition occurs within or near the confined space.
in the confined space. If any change is identified, the supervisor must request the preparation or review of the preliminary risk analysis, including possible accidental scenarios arising from the change. It is mandatory that the entry supervisor submits the change and its respective risk analysis for approval by the employer, or his representative, in order to proceed with the implementation of the change and the risk control measures. Once the change and its control measures have been implemented, the entry supervisor is authorized to issue the PET.
measures implemented and record their effectiveness in the PET when closing it. If the control measures are ineffective, the PET cannot be issued. If the PET has been issued and the ineffectiveness of the control measures is verified during the execution of the work, this Permit must be cancelled and the change management must return to the analysis stage. In all cases, entry permits involving change management must be archived for a minimum period of five years.
entry; The date and duration of the entry permit authorization; Workers authorized to enter a confined space, who must be listed and identified by name and the function they will perform; PET documents compliance with local conditions and authorizes entry into each confined space, and must identify:
(NR-6), OF THE MINISTRY OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IS ANY DEVICE MANUFACTURED NATIONALLY OR ABROAD, DESIGNED TO PROTECT THE HEALTH AND PHYSICAL INTEGRITY OF THE WORKER. COMPANIES ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE THEIR WORKERS, FREE OF CHARGE, WITH PPE APPROPRIATE TO THE RISK TO WHICH THEY ARE EXPOSED, IN PERFECT CONDITION AND WORKING ORDER.
measures to prevent unauthorized entries; Identify and assess the risks of confined spaces before workers enter; Keep a written record of the duties of entry supervisors, watchmen and authorized workers, with their names and signatures; It is a general employer program designed to control and protect workers from hazards in confined spaces and to regulate the entry of workers into these spaces. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM Actions that are part of the confined space entry program:
to work and dismissal, with the issuance of the respective occupational health certificates, as well as addressing the complementary examinations, requested by the occupational physician and provided for in the Occupational Health Medical Control Program (PCMSO), according to the assessment of each confined space; (source ABNT NBR-16577-2017) CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM
the risks to which they are exposed, control measures and safe work procedures. Implement emergency and rescue services, keeping the members of these teams always ready to go into action, trained and with equipment in perfect working order. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM
safe entry operations in confined spaces, including at least the following topics: Keep the confined space properly marked and isolated, providing control of the mapped risks to protect the workers who will enter it; Implement locks and blocks, when necessary; Assess the atmosphere for the presence of flammable gases or vapors or toxic ILI and the oxygen concentration. Before assessing the atmosphere, perform a response test on the gas detection equipment; CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM
risk is recognized; Purge, inertize, neutralize, wash or ventilate the confined space, to eliminate or control the risks present in the work environment; Carry out an assessment of atmospheric, physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and mechanical risks that ensure worker safety. (source ABNT NBR-16577-2017) CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM
safety precautions have been taken. Some risks are imperceptible to the senses, while others occur during the work because something went wrong or did not go as planned. Risks can be related to tasks and the environment, which are linked to people, culture, beliefs and values, etc. RISK PERCEPTION
MODE" DISRESPECT FOR SAFETY PROCEDURES AND RULES IMPROPER USE OF TOOLS OR MACHINES USE OF EQUIPMENT WITHOUT MAINTENANCE USE OF EQUIPMENT WITHOUT TRAINING LACK OF USE OF EPI AND EPC IT IS THE ACT OF BECOMING AWARE THROUGH THE SENSES - HEARING, TOUCH, SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE - OF SOME EMINENT DANGER, TAKING THE APPROPRIATE DECISION TO AVOID IT. WHAT IS RISK PERCEPTION?
conditions; The equipment must be available for use by trained workers, watchmen and supervisors, at no cost to them; The following requirements must be observed for all equipment: Documentation relating to operating qualifications must be proven by means of a certificate.
free of charge to workers, the equipment listed in 6.2 to 6.9. Initial sounding and continuous atmosphere monitoring equipment must be calibrated and tested before use, and suitable for work in potentially explosive areas, if such areas are recognized. Measuring equipment used inside confined spaces with a risk of explosion must be intrinsically safe (Ex i type) and protected against radio frequency electromagnetic interference. The same applies to equipment positioned near the outside and around confined spaces considered to be classified areas.
EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES FORMING DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES. EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES ARE ENVIRONMENTS WHERE FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES IN THE FORM OF GAS, VAPOR OR DUST ARE HANDLED, WHICH, WHEN MIXED WITH AIR, PRESENT A RISK OF EXPLOSION EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE AND CLASSIFIED AREAS
DIMENSIONS AND SHAPE OF THE PROCESS EQUIPMENT AND VOLUME OF MATERIAL INVOLVED; VENTILATION CONDITIONS. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES: EQUIPMENT PROTECTED AGAINST EXPLOSIONS AND EQUIPMENT FOR CLASSIFIED AREAS IS ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTED SO AS NOT TO CAUSE, UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS, THE IGNITION OF THE EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE AROUND IT. ASSESSMENT OF RISK AREA CLASSIFICATION: EX
FLAMMABLE MIXTURE IS VERY LOW OR IS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME FAILURE IN THE OPERATION OF THE EQUIPMENT OR PROCESSES EXISTING ON SITE. ZONE 0 - CONTINUOUS DANGER ZONE 1 - PROBABLE DANGER ZONE 2 - UNLIKELY DANGER PROBABLE DANGER, WHERE THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF THE PRESENCE OF A FLAMMABLE MIXTURE RESULTING FROM THE NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT OR PROCESSES EXISTING ON SITE. WHERE THE PRESENCE OF FLAMMABLE MIXTURE IS FOUND AT ALL TIMES.
article 2, determines the obligation that all electrical equipment, accessories and components for potentially explosive atmospheres be certified in accordance with the Brazilian Conformity Assessment System – SBAC, and that failure to comply with this obligation is subject to punishment, in accordance with a specific rule. Article 4 of Ordinance 83 of 03/04/2006 “Offshore units manufactured abroad and imported for oil extraction or the transportation of flammable products, for offshore work, will be exempted from the requirement for certification under the SBAC, since the criteria for acceptance of suppliers and the certifications adopted by classification societies are valid for them.”
OR EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES. BY MEANS OF POSITIVE PRESSURE (INFILLING), OR NEGATIVE PRESSURE (EXHAUST) FANS IN CLASSIFIED AREAS MUST BE APPROPRIATELY MARKED AND PROTECTED AGAINST ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE, INCLUDING GROUNDING OF THE EQUIPMENT.
atmospheres due to the presence of toxic and flammable gases and vapors and oxygen deficiency. In addition to renewing the air, it helps to control heat and humidity inside confined spaces. Natural ventilation does not provide satisfactory results due to the following characteristics: Poor air circulation due to the reduced number and size of openings present in most confined spaces; Inadequate height difference between the confined space air inlets and outlets Intense variation in air flow; Difficulty controlling air direction; Irregularity of the effect of winds;
VOLUME OF AIR IT CAN REMOVE FROM THE ENVIRONMENT, IN THE UNIT OF TIME. IT CAN BE EXPRESSED IN CUBIC METERS PER HOUR (M3/H) OR CUBIC FEET PER MINUTE (CFM). THIS VALUE IS CALCULATED TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE LENGTH AND NUMBER OF 90-DEGREE BENDS IN THE AIR REMOVAL DUCT, KNOWING THAT THE GREATER THE LENGTH OF THE DUCT AND THE NUMBER OF BENDS, THE GREATER THE LOSSES AND, THEREFORE, THE LOWER THE CAPACITY OF THE EQUIPMENT. V = L X H X C WHERE: L= WIDTH OF THE COMPARTMENT, IN METERS; H= COMPARTMENT HEIGHT, IN METERS; C = LENGTH OF THE COMPARTMENT, IN METERS.
COMBUSTIBLES, ADDITIONAL VENTILATION MAY BE NECESSARY. WHILE THE VENTILATION SYSTEM IS OPERATIONAL, THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE ENVIRONMENT MUST BE TESTED AT EACH ENTRY, TO MAINTAIN THE SAFETY LEVEL; WHEN POSSIBLE, THE PREFERRED METHOD FOR OXYGENATING A ROOM IS TO VENTILATE THROUGH ONE INLET AND EXHAUST THROUGH ANOTHER. THE MINIMUM TIME FOR EXTRA VENTILATION SHOULD BE THREE (3) HOURS. IN THE CASE OF LARGE TANKS, MORE VENTILATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED OXYGENATION LEVELS. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT NO FANS OR DUCTS RESTRICT THE ESCAPE ROUTES OF THOSE WORKING IN THE CONFINED SPACE.
AIR SUPPLIES 1. AIR PURIFIERS 2. AIR SUPPLIERS ARE INDEPENDENT BREATHERS. THIS CLASS OF RESPIRATORS PROVIDES THE USER WITH A RESPIRABLE GAS OR OTHER GAS THAT COMES FROM AN ATMOSPHERE INDEPENDENT OF THE AMBIENT AIR. SELF- CONTAINED MASKS, LINE AND SUPPLIED AIR RESPIRATORS, AND AUXILIARY ESCAPE CYLINDERS BELONG TO THIS CATEGORY. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM
x VL = Quantity of breathable air Carbon fiber composite: 300 x 68 = 2040 liters of breathable air Carbon steel: 200 x 7 = 1400 liters of breathable air Quantity of breathable air % M.C.H = Autonomy M.C.H Average human consumption Consumption per minute between 28 to 40 liters/min The maximum that a human being consumes: 132 liters/min Composite carbon fiber 2040 - 40 = 51 min (total time) Carbon steel 1400 / 40 = 35 min (total time) epr usage calculation PT - Working pressure Composite cylinder: 300 bar Carbon steel cylinder: 200 bar Weight: 3.8 KG Average weight: 12 KG VL - Volume in liters Weight: 3.8 KG Average weight: 12 KG Calculation of the amount of breathable air: Autonomy calculation:
tubular structure for use on the ground or on walls, equipped with a water and oil emulsion drain, an activated carbon filter for contaminant gases, and humidifiers. Some models have CO detectors. IT IS A SYSTEM FOR TREATING AND DISTRIBUTING COMPRESSED AIR TO THE AIR SUPPLY LINE.
or combined filters. The use of these respirators is contraindicated if, during the risk assessment for release of work in confined spaces, an oxygen concentration below 19.5% is detected. AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS
the accident site safely, even if the environment is contaminated by chemicals dispersed in the air. Therefore, they are usually used in environments where accidents involving chemicals can occur suddenly, places where it is difficult to breathe. LEAK RESPIRATORS
THE RESCUE TEAM NEEDING TO ENTER THEM, INDIVIDUAL MOVERS THAT DO NOT HARM THE VICTIM MAY BE USED, IN ACCORDANCE WITH FIRST AID PRINCIPLES. rescue system
each member of the rescue service has personal protective equipment. Each member of the rescue service must be trained to perform the assigned rescue tasks; Each member of the rescue service shall receive the same training required for authorized workers; Each member of the rescue service must be trained, performing rescue in confined spaces at least once every twelve (12) months; Each member of the rescue service will be trained in basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). REQUIREMENTS THAT APPLY TO WORKERS INVOLVED IN RESCUE SERVICES IN CONFINED SPACES:
respiratory protection, as well as rescue equipment, such as: Detector Multigases; Equipment for working at height; Fan and extractor; Anchoring system; Traffic cones; Immobilization and rescue system; Strings; Parachute type belt; Etc.
must have first aid skills and be familiar with self-rescue procedures. Emergency and rescue teams must be properly trained and qualified, as well as permanently available. Each rescuer must be trained in specific techniques, which involve immobilizing and transporting injured people.
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