Ruby 2.0 Walkthrough: The Best Bits

A quick overview of a few of the best bits in Ruby 2.0.

Transcript

1. RUBY 2.0 WALKTHROUGH
2. The Best Bits THE RUBY 2.0 RUNTHROUGH
3. A sprint, not a stroll
4. BIG PARTS
5. Refinements Experimental scope-limited monkey patching
6. module FloatDivision refine Fixnum do def /(other); self.to_f / other; end end end class MathFun using FloatDivision def self.ratio(a, b) a / b end end p MathFun.ratio(6, 8) THE OLD IDEA (no longer works)
7. module FloatDivision refine Fixnum do def /(other); self.to_f / other; end end end class MathFun using FloatDivision def self.ratio(a, b) a / b end end p MathFun.ratio(6, 8)
8. module FloatDivision refine Fixnum do def /(other); self.to_f / other; end end end using FloatDivision class MathFun def self.ratio(a, b) a / b end end p MathFun.ratio(6, 8) Main context is OK
9. Keyword Arguments definitely a: “pretty”, good: “addition”, to: “the language”
10. def some_method(options = {}) defaults = { x: 10, y: 20, z: 30 } options = defaults.merge(options) p options end some_method x: 1, y: 2
11. def some_method(x: 10, y: 20, z: 30) p x, y, z end some_method x: 1, y: 2, z: 3
12. def some_method(x: 10, **rest) p x, rest end some_method x: 1, y: 2, z: 3, c: “x”
13. Enumerator::Lazy Lazy enumeration, finally made easy.
14. infinite_range = (0..Float::INFINITY) infinite_range.select { |num| num % 74 == 0 }
15. infinite_range = (0..Float::INFINITY) e = infinite_range.lazy.select { |num| num % 74 == 0 } puts e.next puts e.next puts e.next
16. Module#prepend
17. module Bar def my_method "inside the module" end end class Foo include Bar def my_method "inside the class" super end end x = Foo.new p x.my_method 1 2
18. module Bar def my_method "inside the module" super end end class Foo prepend Bar def my_method "inside the class" end end x = Foo.new p x.my_method 1 2
19. INCLUDE PREPEND Foo class Bar module x object NEITHER Foo class x object Object class Object class Foo class Bar module x object Object class
20. DETAILS
21. ABI Breakage Changes to the Application Binary Interface
22. Regex engine changed From Oniguruma to Onigmo
23. %{this\r\nis\n\ncool\vhello!}.gsub(/\R/, '')
24. RubyGems 2.0 Lots of refactoring, initial support for stdlib gemification, gem search is now remote, arbitrary metadata support & more.
25. RDoc 4.0 Adds Markdown support & ri can now show pages (e.g. READMEs with ri rdoc:README)
26. %i and %I To form arrays of symbols, like %w does for words and arrays
27. %i{a b c} == [:a, :b, :c] %I{ #{(rand(26) + 65).chr} } == [:Y]
28. UTF-8 is default source encoding No more # encoding: utf-8 (if you don’t want)
29. Bitmap garbage collector Faster, more efficient
30. CSV.load and CSV.dump gone Not considered such a good idea in light of the early 2013 YAML vulnerabilities
31. String#chars, #lines, #codepoints, etc. Now return arrays rather than enumerators. Use #each_char, #each_line, etc. instead if you need enumerators.
32. TracePoint A more object oriented alternative to set_trace_func
33. tracer = lambda do |event, file, line, id, binding, klass| to_display = [event, File.basename(file), line, klass, id] puts "%10s in %s at line %-2d %s:%s" % to_display end set_trace_func tracer # .. normal code here ..
34. tracer = TracePoint.new do |tp| to_display = [tp.event, File.basename(tp.path), tp.lineno, tp.defined_class, tp.method_id] puts "%10s in %s at line %-2d %s:%s" % to_display end tracer.enable # .. normal code here ..
35. respond_to? respond_to? against a protected method now returns false
36. Method transplants with define_method Now accepts UnboundMethods
37. module M def foo; "foo"; end end define_method :foo, M.instance_method(:foo) p foo
38. Array#bsearch Range#bsearch Binary search for monotonic collections
39. [1, 4, 9, 13, 14, 22, 40].bsearch { |i| p i; i >= 6 } # 13 # 4 # 9 # => 9 (1..1000).bsearch { |i| i > 372 }
40. __dir__ Like __FILE__ but for the current source file’s directory Equivalent to File.dirname(File.realpath(__FILE__))
41. to_h and Hash() A new convention. The hash equivalent to #to_a A key use is with Struct and OpenStruct
42. User = Struct.new(:name, :age, :status) me = User.new("Peter", 31, :admin) me.to_h ENV.to_h Hash(nil) # => {} Hash([]) # => {}
43. FIN https://cooperpress.com/