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AlphaGoの論文について
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Shunta Furukawa
April 09, 2016
Technology
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73
AlphaGoの論文について
AlphaGoの論文「Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search」について発表した際の資料です。
Shunta Furukawa
April 09, 2016
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Transcript
Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and
tree search @Shunter
About Myself ࣗݾհ
ࣗݾհ 4 ໊લ 4 ݹढ़ଠ 4 ৬ۀ 4 גࣜձࣾ NTTυίϞ
4 ৽نࣄۀ։ൃ 4 ษڧձࢀՃͷಈػ 4 ৽نϏδωεʹਓೳ ͷՄೳੑΛײ͓ͯ͡Γɺ ͖ͪΜͱཧղΛ͍ͨͨ͠ Ίɻ
About Paper จʹ͍ͭͯ
จʹ͍ͭͯ 4 20161݄27ʹɺͦΕ·Ͱ ਓೳ͕উͭ͜ͱ͕͠ ͍ͱݴΘΕ͍ͯͨޟʹ͓͍ ͯɺGoogle(DeepMind) ͕ ։ൃͨ͠ʮAlphaGoʯ͕ϓ ϩΛഁͬͨɻ 4
ͦΕ·Ͱ௨ৗͷޟͰػց͕ϓ ϩʹউͬͨྫ͕ແ͘ɺউͭͷ ʹ10͔͔ΔͱݴΘΕ͍ͯͨ ͜ͱΛୡɻ 4 ຊจ͜ͷʮAlphGoʯʹ ͍ͭͯͷจͰ͋Δɻ
⚪ Background ⚫ എܠ
ͳͥޟ͍͠ͷ͔ʁ 4 ήʔϜͷใɺ ͱ͍͏ՁؔͰදݱͰ͖Δɻ 4 ήʔϜͷঢ়ଶͰɺͦͷঢ়ଶ͔ΒՁʢήʔϜͷ݁ ՌʣΛฦ͢ɻ 4 ήʔϜʹউͭʹɺՁ؍Λͬͯɺ࠷దͳखΛ࠶ؼ తʹܭࢉ͢Ε͍͍ɻ
4 खॱɺ୳ࡧͰදݱ͕Ͱ͖ɺͦͷେ͖͞ Ͱ͋Δɻ 4 : ࣍खͰબՄೳͳީิͷʢ༿ʣ 4 : ήʔϜͷ͞ʢਂ͞ʣ
ͳͥޟ͍͠ͷ͔ʁ 4 : ࣍खͰબՄೳͳީิͷʢ༿ʣ 4 : ήʔϜͷ͞ʢਂ͞ʣ 4 νΣε 4
4 4 ޟ 4 4 ! 4 શ෦୳͢ͷݱ࣮త͡Όͳ͍...
୳ࡧྖҬΛݮΒͨ͢Ίͷ 4 ํࡦؔ Λͬͯɺ༿Λݮ 4 ঢ়ଶ ʹ͓͚ΔՄೳͳߦಈ ͷ֬
4 ϞϯςΧϧϩ୳ࡧ(MCST) 4 ϥϯμϜʹਐΊͯΈͯɺٯࢉΛ͠ ͯํࡦؔͷΛߋ৽ 4 AlphaGo·ͰͰ࠷ڧͷޟAIMCST Λ͍ͬͯͨɻ 4 ͜Ε·ͰͷՁؔ ɺٴͼํࡦؔ ઢܗܭࢉ 4 AlphaGo͜ΕΒͷؔΛDeep LearningͰֶशͤͨ͞ɻ
⚪ Pipeline ⚫ ֶशύΠϓϥΠϯ
ֶशύΠϓϥΠϯ 4 ࣮σʔλ͔ΒֶͿʢڭࢣ͋ Γʣ 4 : ؆қํࡦؔ(SLP1)ɺ ύϥϝʔλ 4 :
௨ৗํࡦؔ (SLP2)ɺύϥϝʔλ 4 AIಉ࢜ͰઓΘͤͯڧԽ 4 : ڧԽֶशํࡦؔ (RLP)ɺύϥϝʔλ 4 : Ձؔɺύϥϝʔλ
⚪ Supervised leaerning of policy network ⚫ ڭࢣ͋Γֶश ํࡦؔ
None
ํࡦؔ 4 ڭࢣσʔλΛݩʹֶश͞ΕΔ NN 4 ΈࠐΈ ͱ ReNLU ͷަ ޓ
4 ࠷ޙSoftmaxͰɺ࣍ʹ ଧͯΔखͷ֬Λฦ͢ 4 ϥϯμϜͳ൫໘͔Β֬త ޯ্ঢ๏(SGA)Ͱֶश
2छྨͷํࡦؔ : ڭࢣ͋Γֶशํࡦؔɺύϥϝʔλ 4 ύϑΥʔϚϯεॏࢹ 4 ҰճͷΞΫγϣϯΛ༧ଌ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ3ms 4 ਖ਼֬ੑ 57.0%
ʢઌߦ༧ଌثͰ44.4%͕࠷ߴʣ : ؆қํࡦؔɺύϥϝʔλ 4 ಛྔΛগͳ͘ɺ׆ੑԽؔʹ ReLUΛͬͨͷ 4 ҰճͷΞΫγϣϯΛ༧ଌ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ2μs 4 ਖ਼֬ੑ 24.2%
⚪ Reinforcement learning of policy networks ⚫ ڧԽֶश ํࡦؔ
None
ڧԽֶश ํࡦؔ 4 ઌ΄Ͳͷํࡦؔͷύϥϝʔλ Λෳ 4 ৽ͨʹํࡦؔ Λ࡞ 4 ํࡦؔಉ࢜ΛͬͯɺઓΘͤΔ
4 ରઓ૬खաڈͷύϥϝʔλͷঢ়ଶ͔ΒϥϯμϜʹ 4 ϥϯμϜʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰաֶशࢭ 4 ใुؔ ΛԾఆɻ 4 : ਐߦ͍ͯ͠Δ࣌ؒ, : ֬ఆͨ࣌ؒ͠ 4 ࢼ߹ΛਐΊͯɺউ͕ͪ1, ෛ͚͕0 4 ࢼ߹͕֬ఆͨ͠ΒใुؔΛͬͯɺḪͬͯ
ڧԽֶश ํࡦؔͷධՁ 4 ڭࢣ͋Γֶशͷํࡦؔ ͱ͘Βͯ 80% ͷউ 4 KGS
ୈ̎Ґͷ࣮ྗͷΦʔϓϯιʔεAIɺPachi ͱରܾ 4 MCS ϕʔεɻ̍ख͋ͨΓ10ສͷݕࡧɻ 4 RLP ͷউ 85% (SLP 11%)
⚪ Reinforcement learning of value networks ⚫ ڧԽֶश Ձؔ
None
Ձ؍ 4 : ϙϦγʔpͷ࣌ʹ͋Δঢ়ଶ͔ΒɺউͯΔظΛฦ͢ 4 ࣮ࡍʹશͳՁ؍( )Λ࡞Δͷ͍͠ͷͰ ઌʹ࡞ͬͨ࠷ڧͷํؔ ( )͔Βࢉग़
: 4 ύϥϝʔλ : 4 ωοτϫʔΫߏɺํؔʹ͍͕ۙɺग़ྗ͕̍ͭɻ 4 ঢ়ଶ(s) ͱ ݁Ռ(z) ͷΈ߹ΘͤΛڭࢣͱֶͯ͠शΛ͍ͯ͘͠ɻ
Ձ؍ͷֶशͷࣦഊ 4 ਓؒͷعේ͚ͩͰֶश͠Α͏ͱ͢Δͱɺաֶश͕ى͖͢ ͍ɻ 4 Ұ࿈ͷعේ࿈ଓ͓ͯ͠Γɺউͪෛ͚ͷใΛҰ؏ͯ͠อ ͍࣋ͯ͠ΔͨΊ 4 MSEֶ͕शσʔλͰ 19%
͕ͩ ݕূσʔλͰ 37% ͱͳͬ ͯ͠·ͬͨɻ 4 RLPͷعේ͔Β3000ສ݅ͷʮผࢼ߹ʯͷ(s,z)ηοτΛநग़ 4 MSEֶ͕शσʔλͰ22.6%, ݕূ༻σʔλͰ 23.4% 4 ̎ͭʹ͕ࠩগͳ͍ͷͰաֶश͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ
⚪ Searching with policy and value networks ⚫ ํͱՁؔʹΑΔݕࡧ
ݕࡧํ๏ جຊతʹMCTSɻ̐ͭͷϑΣʔζʹผΕΔɻ 4 બɺ֦ுɺධՁɺอଘ
બ ( Selection ) 4 ߦಈՁؔQͱϘʔφεؔͷ߹ܭ͕࠷େʹͳΔͷΛબͿɻ 4 Ϙʔφεؔɺͦͷঢ়ଶͷ֬( )ͱ๚ճ( )Ͱܾ·Δɻ
: ڭࢣ͋Γֶशͷํࡦؔ 4 ๚ճ͕૿͑Δ΄ͲɺP͕ݮ͍ͬͯ͘ͷɺ֦ுΛଅਐ͢Δͨ Ί
֦ுͱධՁ ( Expantion & Evaluation ) 4 ͕ࠓ·ͰγϛϡϨʔγϣϯͨ͜͠ͱͳ͍( )ͩ ͬͨ߹ʹɺ༿Λ֦ு͢Δɻ
4 ֦ுͨ͋͠ͱʹɺͦͷʹ͍ͭͯධՁΛߦ͏ɻ(ධՁؔ ) 4 ؆қํࡦؔ ΛͬͯઓΘͤͨ݁Ռ[0,1] 4 ύϥϝʔλ ΛͬͯɺՁ؍ͱૉૣ͍γϛϡϨʔγϣ ϯʹΑΔ݁ՌΛࠞͥ͋Θ͍ͤͯΔɻ
อଘ ( Backup ) 4 γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ͕ऴΘͬͨΒɺ֤༿ϊʔυͷؔΛߋ৽͍ͯ͘͠ɻ 4 ๚ճͱߦಈՁ؍Qͷߋ৽ ճʹ
Λ௨͔ͬͨͲ͏͔ɻ[1,0] γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ͕ऴΘͬͨஈ֊Ͱɺϧʔτ͔Β ͕Ұ൪େ͖͍$ $a$ߦಈΛબ͢Δɻ
ิ 4 ͷܭࢉ ΑΓ ͷ΄͏͕ྑ͍ 4 ͷܭࢉٯɻ ΑΓ ͷ΄͏͕ྑ͍ɻ 4
࠷దͳ̍खΛ୳͘͢࠷దԽ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ֬ͱͯ͠ ͔ͨΑΔɻ 4 ਓؒͷଧͬͨखͷू߹Ͱ͋Γɺଧͪͦ͏ͳखΛΑΓද͍ͯ͠ Δɻ 4 MCTS ͷγϛϡϨʔγϣϯCPUͰඇಉظϚϧνεϨου࣮ߦ 4 Ձ؍ํࡦؔGPUͰฒߦͰॲཧ͍ͯ͠Δɻ 4 AlphaGo 40εϨουɺ48CPUs, 8GPUs 4 ࢄAlphaGo 40εϨουɺ1202CPUsɺ176GPUs
⚪ How Strong Alpha Go is? ⚫ ݁Ռ
ΠϩϨʔτ (WikipediaΑΓ) 4 ήʔϜͷ݁ՌҰํͷউͪɺҰํͷෛ͚ͷΈͱ͠ɺҾ͖͚ߟྀ͠ͳ͍ ʢ0.5উ0.5ഊͱѻ͏ͷͱ͢Δʣɻ 4 200ͷϨʔτ͕ࠩ͋ΔରہऀؒͰɺϨʔτͷߴ͍ଆ͕76ύʔηϯ τͷ֬Ͱউར͢Δɻ 4 ฏۉతͳରہऀͷϨʔτΛ1500ͱ͢Δɻ
4 ఆͰ͋ΓɺϓϩϨϕϧͰ16ɺ௨ৗ32ΛͱΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɻ
͍ΖΜͳGoͷϓϩάϥϜͱͷൺֱ
͍ΖΜͳGoͷϓϩάϥϜͱͷൺֱ
ωοτϫʔΫͷ༗ແʹΑΔൺֱ
ΞʔΩςΫνϟʹΑΔൺֱ
⚪ ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ɻ ⚫