明日からはじめるネットワーク運用自動化 / Let's get started Network Automation from Tomorrow!

Presentation at JANOG41
Japanese: https://www.janog.gr.jp/meeting/janog41/program/auto
English: https://www.janog.gr.jp/meeting/janog41/en/program/auto

Transcript

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9. & vh C O I 4 A 9 iloT ( T O GU ) OT s E gE gtET GU nrle 5 8 1 9 88 9 T O GU U T T O GU , N h E I - O . gE & E 2 A l E 7 A 68 A 03 E - NANOG71:Network Automation: past, present, and future ( Slide, Movie) .!3+
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       89 2 - . -10 8 ,8 8 1 0 0      
       https://speakerdeck.com/opelab/20171212-automation
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15. m CA8 ic so OH ( , C 8A .2 ,-3 26 8 1 A 6 4 . $ python –-version Python 2.7.14 $ python2 --version Python 2.7.14 $ python3 --version Python 3.6.3 ae h pt 0CA8 I gi 1T P S 1 uT P CA8 CA8 CA8 ) U ic ae h rn l H
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17. 
      • io ml • u C g n H • r u T p pe I ch S yH • io ml S r u }O U H ( - C 8A ) 20-. 26 8 1 : A ,;6 4 $ vi sample.py num = 1 if num == 1: print(“Hello JANOG!!!”) $ python3 sample.py Hello JANOG!!! • io ml • s CA8 a p S CA8 g n {t O H I
18. : A ., .21 : -:7 : 82 10 1 • • S • S • a • H • U • T c • : C • I O • S •
19. 8 2 , - ,10 8 8 8 1 0 0 $ python3 sample_print.py Hello JANOG! A C A C HI print("Hello JANOG!") 1. A C HI
20. 
     = C 9 8A ., . 8 = -= A9= 9 a = 1 # a: int  b = 1.1 # b: float  print(a) print(b) print(‘-----’) c = a + b # c: float  print(c) $ python3 sample_number.py 1 1.1 ----- 2.1 I H I H O 0 S1 T U (Cint a;float b;)"
     !  ( # ) 2 C
21. 
     A= C - . - , 8 = 2 c = “text” # ‘“  $
    (,#
    d = "" #)-%+&0  #Python3  ! Unicode+&0  "
    #Python2  !ASCII u"" .'*/
    print(c) print(d) $ python3 sample_string.py text  2 8 1 = A O 0 S TU H I H
22. 
     A= - . - , 8 = 2 router_list = ["router_A", "router_B", "router_C"] #  print(router_list) # 0
    1 print(router_list[1]) #  (len) print(len(router_list)) $ python3 sample_list.py ['router_A', 'router_B', 'router_C'] router_B 3 2 8 18 A H I O 0 C 0
23. 
     = C 8A ., . 8 = -=: A = $ python3 sample_dictionary.py router_A 15.1 O S 0 1 TU I I H #
    key
    value  router_info = { "hostname" : "router_A", "os" : "junos", "version" : "15.1", } #   print(router_info["hostname"]) #   print(router_info["version"]) : 2 A = C C
24. A . .32 - 8 3 21 2 $ python3 sample_if.py num is two num = 2 if num == 1: print("num is one") elif num == 2: print("num is two") else: print("num is the others") 1 830 A U T c ,A PCmU T Tai 21 3 PleH _ f O gI Ch Sfn
25. 34 ., .2148 - 8 2 10 81 H IA C O U #  
     
     router_list = [”router_A”, ”router_B”] # router_list
    router_name  for router_name in router_list: print(router_name) $ python3 sample_for_2.py router_A router_B #  
     
     # range(3) = 0,1,2 for num in range(3): print(num) $ python3 sample_for_1.py 0 1 2 H IA TS O U sample_for_1.py sample_for_2.py
26. 
     C HA A C A # 
    :"r" file1 = open("sample_read.txt", "r") text = file1.read() #  ! print(text) file1.close() # 
    :"w", 
    :"a" file2 = open("sample_write.txt", "w") file2.write("Good!") file2.close() $ python3 sample_file.py Hello JANOG! from sample_read.txt How are you feeling? sample_file.py   [   : sample_read.txt] Hello JANOG! from sample_read.txt How are you feeling? [   : sample_write.txt] Good! C HA A C A 8 2 - . -10 8 ,85 8 1 0 0
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28. 
      A C A C HI #  ! # $
    # OS show bgp summary# def get_show_bgp_summary(router_info): if router_info["os"] == "junos": command = "show bgp summary" elif router_info['os'] == 'ios': command = "show ip bgp summary" else: command = “N/A” return command # " router_info = { "hostname" : "router_A", "os" : "junos" } # router_info 
       command = get_show_bgp_summary(router_info) print(command) $ python3 sample_function.py show bgp summary sample_function.py 8 2 - . -10 78 ,8 87 1 0 70
29. 
     • ni di coO s = • a a s O l S[ = co f O = • • ni ) : 2 (P • di efI rhf ]a e f ,        8   =  () #    .  #  
    . () # 
    
30. 
      89 2 - . -10 8 ,8 8 1 0 0 class Router: # &+$: '#% " +$
    def __init__(self, hostname, os, version): #  $:  ( $
    self.hostname = hostname self.os = os self.version = version # show bgp summary*
    def get_show_bgp_summary(self): if self.os == "junos": command = "show bgp summary" elif self.os == 'ios': command = "show ip bgp summary" else: command = 'N/A’ return command # Router '# router_A = Router(hostname="router_A", os="junos", version="15.1") router_B = Router(hostname="router_B", os="ios", version="15.7(3)M") #   Router !)+$  print(router_A.hostname) command = router_A.get_show_bgp_summary() print(command) print(router_B.hostname) command = router_B.get_show_bgp_summary() print(command) $ python3.6 sample_class.py router_A show bgp summary router_B show ip bgp summary A C A C HI sample_class.py
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33. A ( , - 0 32 . 8 ) 3 21 , 2 $ pip3 list Jinja2 (2.9.6) . . . $ pip3 install jinja2 S H HOI C 1 H HOI C HOI C T H U (
    ) *& 
    venvvirtualenv",* #  pip %'( ( $+)! ) https://docs.python.jp/3/library/venv.html
34. $ pip --version pip 9.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions /2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7) $ pip2 --version pip 9.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions /2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7) $ pip3 --version pip 9.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions /3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6) l U ac n, 8 ac ph -r S PC A A A AO c H sm gI Ue T (
    ) : pip 
     Python setuptools  pip http://www.lifewithpython.com/2012/11/Python-package-setuptools-pip.html 8 c ito 3 . .21 8 - 8 2 10 81
35. 
     4 A ., .31 - 83 10 1 # datetime   
     import datetime # datetime  
    datetime now  now = datetime.datetime.now() print(now) $ python3 sample_library.py 2017-11-15 14:25:56.360603 sample_library.py    20 3 83H HI C O
36. 
     A M ) I L 5 ) 5 3( L I P ) : JSON
    https://thinkit.co.jp/article/70/1
37. 
     ( 8 ) -30 , 3 6 2 C A 6 - 6 [ { "router_name": "Router_A", "ip": "192.168.0.1", "os": "junos" }, { "router_name": "Router_B", "ip": "192.168.0.2", "os": "ios" }, { "router_name": "Router_C", "ip": "192.168.0.3", "os": "iosxr" } ] $ python3 sample_json.py [{'router_name': 'Router_A', 'ip': '192.168.0.1', 'os': 'junos'}, {'router_name': 'Router_B', 'ip': '192.168.0.2', 'os': 'ios'}, {'router_name': 'Router_C', 'ip': '192.168.0.3', 'os': 'iosxr'}] ----- 192.168.0.1 .20 c S HN OJ N TU .A S P P 1 h HNe O ag iIJ U g h sample_json.json   import json file = open("sample_json.json", "r") # file  json
     routers_list = json.load(file) print(routers_list) print(”-----") print(routers_list[0]["ip"]) sample_json.py
38.  
       J J a 7 J P ) J 37 )( 2 <html> <body> <h1> {{ title }} </h1> <p> {{ body }} </p> </body> </html> title = “Web page 1” body = “Hello! World!” {{  }} :  {% if  %} : if {% endif %} {% for  in  %} : for {% endfor %} {# #} :    [ 
    (Jinja2)] HTML    
    
39.  
       ( C ( ,0. 1 0 3 A ) 32 , 3 interface {{ if_name }} description {{ if_description }} ip address {{ ip4 }} {{ ip4_subnet }} duplex auto speed auto no shutdown ! H O IJ - 82 UT import jinja2 # ! file = open("sample_template.jinja2", "r") template_txt = file.read() # 
        template = \ jinja2.Environment().from_string(template_txt) # 
     " config_txt = template.render( if_description="To_RouterA", if_name="fastethernet 1/1", ip4=“192.168.0.1”, ip4_subnet="255.255.255.0") print(config_txt) $ python3 sample_template_1.py interface fastethernet 1/1 description To_RouterA ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto no shutdown ! sample_template.jinja2 sample_template_1.py S  
40. ( ( ( ) interface {{ if_name }} description {{ if_description }} ip address {{ ip4 }} {{ ip4_subnet }} duplex auto speed auto no shutdown ! 3( ) 2 interfaces = [ { "if_description" : "To_RouterA", "if_name" : "fastethernet 1/1", "ip4” : "192.168.0.1", "ip4_subnet” : "255.255.255.0" }, { "if_description" : "To_RouterB", "if_name" : "fastethernet 1/2", "ip4" : "192.168.1.1", "ip4_subnet" : "255.255.255.0" }, { "if_description" : "To_RouterC", "if_name" : "fastethernet 1/3”, "ip4" : "192.168.2.1", "ip4_subnet" : "255.255.255.0" } ] for interface in interfaces: config_txt = template.render(interface) print(config_txt) $ python3 sample_template_2.py interface fastethernet 1/1 description To_RouterA ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto no shutdown ! interface fastethernet 1/2 description To_RouterB ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto no shutdown ! interface fastethernet 1/3 description To_RouterC ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto no shutdown ! 9 sample_template.jinja2 sample_template_2.py 
    
41. 
     4 0 text = “Today is Sunday” pettern = ”Today is (.+)” .:  & (*1( +: $ '#   ) (): 
     match = re.search(pettern, text ) #  !" % match.group(0) # =>Today is Sunday #   
     % match.group(1) # =>Sunday
42. 
     
    import re # :-' <(> # show version*'%16 show_version_txt = """ Hostname: vsrx Model: firefly-perimeter JUNOS Software Release 12.1X47-D15.4 """ # .#8& # ():  # . : !'" 7 <(>1<( # + : 5/ .#8& 3
     , $= regex = "JUNOS Software Release (.+)" # show_version_txt <(> 3
    # .#8& <(> 4+*' match = re.search(regex, show_version_txt ) #  <(<(>028) print(match.group(0)) print(”--------------------") #  <(>   9;4+ print(match.group(1)) sample_regex.py $ python3 sample_regex.py JUNOS Software Release 12.1X47-D15.4 -------------------- 12.1X47-D15.4  
43. 
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44. 
      def hello(num): if num == 1: message = “Hello” elif num == 2: message = “Good bye” else: message = “No message” return message # hello(1) 
    #  ”Hello”  assertEqual(hello(1), “Hello”) # hello(2) 
    #  “Good bye”  assertEqual(hello(2), “Good bye”) # hello(-1)
    #  ”No message”  assertEqual(hello(-1), “No message”) # hello(“abc”) 
    #  ”No message”  assertEqual(hello(“abc”), “No message”) HI CA 34 ., .2148 - 8 2 10 81
45. 
      8 42 - . -10 8 ,8 48 1 40 0 def add(x, y): sum = x + y return sum sample_unittest.py S OC H OC import unittest import sample_unittest class TestSample(unittest.TestCase): def test_add(self): actual = sample_unittest.add(1,2) expected = 3 self.assertEqual(actual, expected) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() tests/test_sample_unittest.py ├── sample_unittest.py └── tests └── test_sample_unittest.py IA
46. 
      python3 -m unittest tests.test_sample_unittest . ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 test in 0.000s OK 4 5 python3 -m unittest tests.test_sample_unittest F ====================================================================== FAIL: test_add (tests.test_sample_unittest.TestSample) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File ”xxx/tests/test_sample_unittest.py", line 12, in test_add self.assertEqual(expected, actual) AssertionError: 3 != 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 test in 0.000s 4 5 () (
    ) python3 –m unittest +/ (  %# !,  &$
    test * "__init__.py')-.
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51. 
        • 5S 5 ( ( • ) 5 O 0 ( • : ( Cisco Router Juniper Router Arista Router Cisco 
     Juniper 
     Arista 
    
52.  
      Manufacturer OS Library Language OS version Cisco IOS / IOS-XE One Platform Kit (OnePK) C, Java, Python ASR1000: 3.12 -3.17(EoL) YANG Development Kit(YDK) Python, C++ 16.5.1 later IOS-XR One Platform Kit (OnePK) C, Java, Python ASR900: 5.1.2 - 5.3.3(EoL) ASR9000: 5.1.1 - 5.3.3(EoL) YANG Development Kit(YDK) Python, C++ 6.0.0 later NX-OS One Platform Kit (OnePK) C, Java, Python Nexus9000: all version Nexus6000: - 7.2(EoL) NX-API Web GUI, HTTP/HTTPS Nexus9000: all version Nexus7000: 7.2(0)D1(1) later Nesus6000: 7.2(0)N1(1) later Juniper JUNOS PyEZ Python 11.4 later Juniper Extension Toolkit(JET) Python 16.2 later Extreme (ex-Brocade) Network OS PyNOS Python 5.0.1 later Arista EOS pyeapi, rbeapi, goeapi Python, Ruby, Go 4.1.2 later EOS SDK C++, Python all version O , 5 S , 1
53. : / • L X 33 47 :7 er l • -21 pI I x t • x pX S s c I i T X nH • , / 6 7 76 ) Cisco Router SSH/Telnet 
     show version (Cisco Command) Juniper Router SSH/Telnet 
     show version (Juniper Command) Hostname: vsrx Model: firefly-perimeter JUNOS Software Release [12.1X47-D15.4] . . . E s C D E s C 5( . ) (D Thu Jan 18 02:03:05.771 UTC Cisco IOS XR Software, Version 6.2.1.23I Copyright (c) 2013-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc. . . .
54.  
       import Exscript # SSH
    (*:pip3 install exscript) import re # "( username = "user1" password = "password1" ip4 = "192.168.33.3" # SSH + session = Exscript.protocols.SSH2() session.connect(ip4) #   account = Exscript.Account(name=username, password=password) session.login(account) #   $!
    ,' session.execute("show version") result = session.response print(result) print("----------") # "( )& pattern = "JUNOS Software Release \[(.+)\]" match = re.search(pattern, result) version = match.group(1) print(version) # SSH #% session.send("exit") session.close() sample_exscript_show.py $ python3 sample_exscript_show.py show version Hostname: vsrx Model: firefly-perimeter JUNOS Software Release [12.1X47-D15.4] ---------- 12.1X47-D15.4  3 () ) ,
55. ) ( print(”===== Step 1. run show command =====") session.execute("show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1") print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response) # Fore.YELLOW :   print("===== Step 2. configure =====") session.execute("configure") config_txt = "set interfaces ge-0/0/1 disable" session.execute(config_txt) print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response) #    print("===== Step 3. commit check =====") session.execute("show | compare") print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response) session.execute("commit check") print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response) print("===== Step 4. commit =====") print("Do you commit? y/n") # 
    y or n choice = input() if choice == "y": session.execute("commit") print(session.response) else: session.execute("rollback") print(session.response) session.execute("exit") print(session.response) print("===== Step 5. run show command(again) =====") session.execute("show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1") print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response) $ python3 sample_exscript_set.py ===== Step 1. run show command ===== show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1 unit 0 { family inet { address 10.0.1.1/24; } } ===== Step 2. configure ===== set interfaces ge-0/0/1 disable ===== Step 3. commit check ===== show | compare [edit interfaces ge-0/0/1] + disable; commit check configuration check succeeds ===== Step 4. commit ===== Do you commit? y/n y commit commit complete exit Exiting configuration mode ===== Step 5. run show command(again) ===== show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1 disable; unit 0 { family inet { address 10.0.1.1/24; } } sample_exscript_set.py()   : sample_exscript_set.py
     , ( 4 ) 5
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        • C wsP n L u • i X O n eno • OmC tP r MN v • v i X A N Ccha SPS • ( ) ) , 6 : • kC Pn eno • ( 6 3: : 63 . 35 2 : 2 2 : 1 NAPALM 
     Cisco Router Juniper Router Cisco 
     Juniper 
     get_network_driver(”iosxr") get_facts()[‘os_version’] 12.1X47-D15.4 get_network_driver("junos") get_facts()[‘os_version’]
58. 
    
     • r y n b laU u 8P IH o • J . H J F A AI EI H F EHA O F • J . CE N I H J F # N I EIH HJ F • ig la R Tt m d d Xc S r n R e r n m • . • / E 17: ) 2 F 5NHEJ 5 67: ( F 0E I 47:# F 6 7: F 47: ( ) ( F • Tp o Uhe RsTx T n o c a d S • di aR S • . J. H J F A AI EI H F NJJI EHA O F # H JI # CN H , 0IJP EC ( - 4 70 HI#:IFN EIH / E 4H
59. 
    
      ( 5 A ( , - 0 25 . )8 21 , 2 # NAPALM  # : pip3 install napalm) import napalm from pprint import pprint # JUNOS    driver = napalm.get_network_driver("junos") device = driver( hostname="192.168.33.3", username="user1", password="password1" ) #   ! device.open() # x fact = device.get_facts() pprint(fact) # pprint:  
     print("----------") # 
    () print(fact["os_version"]) device.close() sample_napalm_show.py $ python3 sample_napalm_show.py {'fqdn': 'vsrx', 'hostname': 'vsrx', 'interface_list': [ 'ge-0/0/0', 'ge-0/0/1', 'ge-0/0/2', . . . , 'vlan'], 'model': 'FIREFLY-PERIMETER', 'os_version': '12.1X47-D15.4', 'serial_number': '83f144ddd4f7', 'uptime': 8309, 'vendor': 'Juniper'} ---------- 12.1X47-D15.4  IC CH
60. ) ( . . . print("===== Step 1. run show command =====") print("Interface Status: ", end="") if device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == True: status_before = ”UP" elif device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == False: status_before = ”DOWN" print(Fore.YELLOW + status_before) print("===== Step 2. configure =====") device.load_merge_candidate(filename="./sample_config_junos.txt") print("OK") print("===== Step 3. compare configuration =====") print(Fore.YELLOW + device.compare_config()) print("===== Step 4. commit =====") print("Do you commit? y/n") choice = input() if choice == "y": print("Commit config: ", end="") device.commit_config() print("OK") else: print("Discard config: ", end="") device.discard_config() print("OK") print("===== Step 5. run show command(again) =====") print("Interface Status: ", end="") if device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == True: status_after = ”UP" elif device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == False: status_after = ”DOWN" print(Fore.YELLOW + status_after) interfaces { ge-0/0/1 { disable; } } )( sample_napalm_set.py() $ python3 sample_napalm_set.py ===== Step 1. run show command ===== Interface Status: UP ===== Step 2. configure ===== OK ===== Step 3. compare configuration ===== [edit interfaces ge-0/0/1] + disable; ===== Step 4. commit ===== Do you commit? y/n y Commit config: OK ===== Step 5. run show command(again) ===== Interface Status: DOWN 
    sample_config_junos.txt
61.  
        • s c N N O • k c l S l S a in • s c O W be • l : , S t A O A • ( ) 62 1 ,. , .03 Ansible 
     (playbook) Cisco Router Juniper Router Ansible iosxr Module Ansible junos Module iosxr-facts debug: var=ansible_net_version junos-facts debug: var=ansible_net_version 12.1X47-D15.4
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63. () ) ? ., .21 8 - 6 8 2 10 81 HI C A pip3 install ansible pip3 install ncclient #
    junos - hosts: vsrx1 connection: local gather_facts: no tasks: - name: Get basic information junos_facts: - name: show model name debug: var=ansible_net_model - name: show serial number debug: var=ansible_net_serialnum - name: show version debug: var=ansible_net_version [vsrx1] 192.168.33.3 [vsrx1:vars] ansible_ssh_user=user1 ansible_ssh_pass=password1    hosts playbook junos_show_1.yaml $ ansible-playbook -i hosts junos_show_1.yaml PLAY [vsrx1] ************************************* TASK [Get basic information] ********************* ok: [192.168.33.3] TASK [show model name] *************************** ok: [192.168.33.3] => { "ansible_net_model": "firefly-perimeter" } TASK [show serial number] ************************ ok: [192.168.33.3] => { "ansible_net_serialnum": "83f144ddd4f7" } TASK [show version] ****************************** ok: [192.168.33.3] => { "ansible_net_version": null } PLAY RECAP *************************************** 192.168.33.3 : ok=4 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0  ≈
64. () 3 ., .21 8 - 6 8 2 10 81 [vsrx1] 192.168.33.3 [vsrx1:vars] ansible_ssh_user=user1 ansible_ssh_pass=password1 
     hosts - hosts: vsrx1 connection: local gather_facts: no tasks: - name: send command "show version" junos_command: commands: show version register: result #  "result"
     - name: show result debug: var=result.stdout_lines playbook
     junos_show_2.yaml $ ansible-playbook -i hosts junos_show_2.yaml PLAY [vsrx1] *************************************** TASK [send command "show version"] ***************** ok: [192.168.33.3] TASK [show result of "show version"] *************** ok: [192.168.33.3] => { "result.stdout_lines": [ [ "Hostname: vsrx", "Model: firefly-perimeter", "JUNOS Software Release [12.1X47-D15.4]" ] ] } PLAY RECAP ***************************************** 192.168.33.3 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 AC
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