procurement? - in 2014 alone: - 30,302 bidders w/ same phone numbers - 2,882 bidders w/ same addresses - 532,986 identical bids - 154,911 bids from same IP addresses - what’s the damage caused by frauds in public procurement? - (working on it) Claudio Ferraz, PUC-RJ Dimitri Szerman, PUC-RJ Frederico Finan, UC-Berkeley