Functional approach in software design

Functional programming is a paradigm known for decades. It is gaining popularity again, due to the rise of purely functional languages like Haskell. You may wonder, how it could be useful in PHP? Using a few techniques and a slight change of perspective you will be able to write code that is cleaner and easier to understand. You will be able to design and implement huge solutions by composing them from small and well-tested parts.

Transcript

1. functional approach in
   software design
   Tomasz Kowalczyk @tmmx
   

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4. introduction
   

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5. purpose
   

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6. levels
   

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7. level 0: approach
   

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8. paradigm shift
   

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9. SOLID
   

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10. immutability
    

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11. higher order functions
    

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12. composition
    

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13. level 1: operations
    

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14. casual conditionals
    

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15. $result = [];
    foreach($this->users as $user) {
    if($user->isDisabled()) { continue; }
    if($user->isHidden()) { continue; }
    $result[] = $user;
    }
    return $result;
    

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16. $result = [];
    foreach($this->users as $user) {
    if($user->isDisabled()) { continue; }
    if($user->isHidden()) { continue; }
    $result[] = $user;
    }
    return $result;
    

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17. $isEnabled = function(User $u): bool {
    return false === $u->isDisabled();
    };
    $isVisible = function(User $u): bool {
    return false === $u->isHidden();
    };
    return array_filter(
    array_filter($this->users, $isVisible),
    $isEnabled);
    

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18. $isEnabled = function(User $u): bool {
    return false === $u->isDisabled();
    };
    $isVisible = function(User $u): bool {
    return false === $u->isHidden();
    };
    return $this->users
    ->filter($isVisible)
    ->filter($isEnabled);
    

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19. endless loops
    

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20. $ids = [];
    foreach($this->users as $user) {
    foreach($user->getTags() as $tag) {
    $tagId = $tag->getId();
    if(false === in_array($tagId, $ids, true)) {
    $ids[] = $tagId;
    }
    }
    }
    return $ids;
    

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21. $ids = [];
    foreach($this->users as $user) {
    foreach($user->getTags() as $tag) {
    $tagId = $tag->getId();
    if(false === in_array($tagId, $ids, true)) {
    $ids[] = $tagId;
    }
    }
    }
    return $ids;
    

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22. $userToTags = function(User $user): array {
    return $user->getTags();
    };
    $tagToId = function(Tag $tag): int {
    return $tag->getId();
    };
    return array_unique(array_map($tagToId, array_merge(
    ...array_map($userToTags, $this->users)
    )));
    

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23. $userToTags = function(User $user): array {
    return $user->getTags();
    };
    $tagToId = function(Tag $tag): int {
    return $tag->getId();
    };
    return $this->users
    ->flatMap($userToTags)
    ->map($tagToId)
    ->unique();
    

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24. accidental accumulators
    

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25. $points = 0;
    foreach($this->users as $user) {
    $points += $user->getPoints();
    }
    return $points;
    

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26. $points = 0;
    foreach($this->users as $user) {
    $points += $user->getPoints();
    }
    return $points;
    

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27. $addPoints = function(int $state, User $user): int {
    return $state + $user->getPoints();
    };
    return array_reduce($this->users, $addPoints, 0);
    

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28. $addPoints = function(int $state, User $user): int {
    return $state + $user->getPoints();
    };
    return $this->users
    ->reduce($addPoints, 0);
    

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29. combined
    

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30. $isEnabled = function(User $u): bool { return !$u->isDisabled(); };
    $isVisible = function(User $user): bool { return !$u->isHidden(); };
    $userToPoints = function(User $user): int { return $user->getPoints(); };
    $addPoints = function(int $st, User $u): int { return $st + $u->getPoints(); };
    return $this->users
    ->filter($isEnabled)
    ->filter($isVisible)
    ->map($userToPoints)
    ->reduce($addPoints, 0);
    

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31. $isEnabled = function(User $u): bool { return !$u->isDisabled(); };
    $isVisible = function(User $user): bool { return !$u->isHidden(); };
    $userToPoints = function(User $user): int { return $user->getPoints(); };
    $addPoints = function(int $st, User $u): int { return $st + $u->getPoints(); };
    return $this->users
    ->filter($isEnabled)
    ->filter($isVisible)
    ->map($userToPoints)
    ->reduce($addPoints, 0);
    

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32. level 2: components
    

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33. request lifecycle
    

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34. entry | input → request
    routing | request → route
    controller | controller → response
    events | request → request
    | response → response
    forms | data → mapping
    validation | data → violations
    

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35. $response = controller(route($request));
    

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36. object graph serialization
    

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37. objects → normalization → formatting → data
    data → parsing → hydration → objects
    

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38. $json = format(normalize($user))
    $user = hydrate(parse($json))
    

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39. $normalizers = new NormalizerContainer();
    $normalizers->add(User::class, function(User $u) {
    return [
    'id' => $u->getId(),
    'email' => $u->getEmail(),
    ];
    });
    

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40. $hydrators = new HydratorContainer();
    $hydrators->add(User::class, function(array $data) {
    return new User($data['id'], $data['email']);
    });
    

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41. $formats = new FormatContainer();
    $formats->add('json', new JsonFormat());
    

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42. $s = new Serializard($normalizers, $hydrators, $formats);
    $user = new User(1337, 'email@example.com');
    $json = $s->serialize($user, 'json');
    $user = $s->unserialize($json, 'json', User::class);
    

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43. shortcode processing
    

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44. This is a [b]bold text[/b].
    This is a bold text.
    

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45. string → parse → process → replace → string
    

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46. $string = replace(process(parse($input)))
    

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47. $handlers = new HandlerContainer();
    $handlers->add('b', function(ShortcodeInterface $s) {
    return ''.$s->getContent().'';
    });
    

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48. $parser = new RegexParser();
    $parser = new WordpressParser();
    $parser = new RegularParser();
    

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49. $processor = new Processor($parser, $handlers);
    $text = 'This is a [b]bold text[/b].';
    $result = $processor->process($text);
    

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50. level 3: systems
    

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51. modelling data flow
    

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52. applications
    microservices
    APIs
    

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53. challenges
    

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54. purpose
    

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55. comfort zone
    

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56. "real world"
    

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57. performance
    

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58. summary
    

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59. Slides:
    https://speakerdeck.com/thunderer/functional-approach-in-software-design
    Resources:
    https://github.com/thunderer/Shortcode
    https://github.com/thunderer/Serializard
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming
    http://www.phptherightway.com/pages/Functional-Programming.html
    https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/07/dont-be-scared-of-functional-programming
    https://pragprog.com/magazines/2012-08/functional-thinking-for-the-imperative-mind
    http://lambdaconf.us/downloads/documents/lambdaconf_slfp.pdf
    Images:
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/kinematic/4078206226 (rocks)
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/kyetis/12506278675 (stones)
    https://www.flickr.com/photos/skyseeker/14404947216 (lightning)
    

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60. questions?
    

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61. how can I help?
    github /thunderer
    twitter @tmmx
    

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62. please rate the talk and leave feedback
    joind.in/talk/c0b77
    

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63. thanks!
    github /thunderer
    twitter @tmmx
    

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