$30 off During Our Annual Pro Sale. View Details »

230629FOSS4G2023

 230629FOSS4G2023

Toshikazu SETO

June 29, 2023
Tweet

More Decks by Toshikazu SETO

Other Decks in Research

Transcript

  1. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 1
    Role of 3D City Model Data as Open Digital Commons:
    A Case Study of Openness in Japan's Digital Twin "Project PLATEAU"
    Toshikazu Seto* Ph.D. (tosseto)
    Taichi Furuhashi (Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
    and Yuya Uchiyama (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)
    *: Associate Professor Department of Geography, Komazawa University / OSGeo.JP (OSGeo Charter member)
    A02
    KOMAZAWA UNIVERSITY
    Visual Identity Guidelines
    จϩΰλΠϓ
    ,ϚʔΫʴ࿨จϩΰλΠϓͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ
    ͸ɺ
    ࠨͷछͰ͢ɻ
    ԣ
    جຊܗͱ͠ɺ
    ༏ઌతʹ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
    ԣ
    ϫϯϙΠϯτͳͲɺ
    ʮԣʯ
    ͕഑ஔ͠ʹ͍͘
    ৔߹ʹ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ

    ॎܕαΠϯͳͲɺ
    ࡉ௕͍഑ஔʹ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ
    ඞͣϚελʔσʔλΛ࢖༻͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ
    ࠨهҎ֎ͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤΛ࡞੒͠ͳ͍Ͱ
    ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
    ʣ ॎ
    Project PLATEAU CC-BY 4.0, ODC BY and ODbL

    View Slide

  2. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 2
    Outline
    1. Introduction
    2. Background of “Project PLATEAU”
    3. 3DCMs Development and Converge in PLATEAU
    • CityGML
    • PLATEAU building data coverage in Japanese Cities
    • Comparison of PLATEAU and OSM building in Tokyo
    4. Development of PLATEAU View by FOSS4G
    5. Trends of Use-case Projects using PLATEAU Data and FOSS4G Tools
    6. Findings and Future Works
    UBT D / N112 - Second Floor: GENERAL TRACK
    • 16:00pm Open data of digital twin city models in CityGML format and their import into
    OpenStreetMap (Taichi Furuhashi)
    • 16:30pm Project PLATEAU ~The initiative of Digital Twin in Japan~ (Yuya Uchiyama)

    View Slide

  3. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 3
    Background & Purpose
    • Digital Technology & Advanced Data
    Utilization: Crucial for solving urban
    problems and improving citizen services.
    • Digital Twins: Virtual representations of
    physical urban environments with wide-
    ranging applications, but with associated
    technical challenges.
    • 3D City Models (3DCMs): A growing need
    in the era of smart cities and key to
    achieving seamless visualization of city
    data.
    • Quantitative & Qualitative Analysis: The
    paper presents a detailed examination of
    the development and use of 3D city
    models in Japan. Caprari, G.; Castelli, G.; Montuori, M.; Camardelli, M.; Malvezzi, R. Digital Twin for Urban
    Planning in the Green Deal Era: A State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Sustainability
    2022, 14, 6263. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106263

    View Slide

  4. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 4
    Background of “Project PLATEAU”
    • "Project PLATEAU": A digital twin initiative
    implemented in Japan, aimed at overhauling
    urban planning processes.
    • "Digital Transformation": A pressing issue for
    local governments which still rely on
    traditional, paper-based systems.
    • "3D City Model Development": The core
    component of Project PLATEAU, involving the
    creation and sharing of 3D building data.
    • "Data Coverage Expansion & Open Sourcing":
    PLATEAU's progress milestones, including the
    expansion of data coverage, viewer updates,
    and increase in open-source repositories. Copyright © 2022 by MLIT. All rights reserved.
    セマンティクスとジオメトリを統合した唯一のソリッドモデル
    10
    3D都市モデルのデータ特性
    GoogleEarth CityGML
    Wall Surface
    Roof Surface
    Building Solid
    Station

    View Slide

  5. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 5
    3DCMs Development and Converge in PLATEAU
    • CityGML: A format for 3D city models used by PLATEAU, encompassing
    geometric and semantic elements, providing multiscale data in a single format.
    ØThe format, which can describe the entire urban space, allows for different Levels of
    Detail (LOD) and can include an Application Domain Extension (ADE) for region-specific
    attributes, making it particularly useful in urban planning and disaster simulations.
    ØThe unique approach of PLATEAU in providing a comprehensive dataset that includes
    diverse information beyond building data.
    ØThe utilization of various formats to visualize data in different platforms, from GIS
    software to web applications and modeling tools like Blender and Unity.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.04.005

    View Slide

  6. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 6
    Overview of PLATEAU building data coverage in Japanese Cities
    1.The Level of Detail 1 (LOD1) building data in Project PLATEAU, mostly created using survey data from
    2019 to 2021, covers 150 cities or about 11% of Japan's total cities, representing about 40% of
    Japan's population.
    2.The city with the most extensive LOD1 data coverage is central Tokyo, with large cities of over
    500,000 inhabitants covering about half the area, primarily in urban planning areas. This coverage
    represents about 55% of the total area.
    3.A comparison with OpenStreetMap (OSM) data shows that the cities covered by Project PLATEAU
    have more detailed building data. The number of buildings represented in the OSM within the
    PLATEAU-covered cities is approximately 31% of the total number of buildings maintained in LOD1.
    Category Unit
    > 500,000
    pop. Cities
    > 200,000
    pop. Cities
    Tokyo's 23
    Wards
    General
    Cities
    Total
    Selected Cities cities 17 26 23 84 150
    Total Population 2020 pop. 24,574,264 9,116,039 9,733,276 6,358,667 49,782,246
    City Areas sq. km 10,392 9,226 623 15,463 35,704
    OSM Buildings objects 2,896,476 916,057 731,374 1,122,159 5,666,066
    sq. km 4,830 4,886 623 9,254 19,593
    objects 7,776,703 4,691,285 1,768,252 4,073,643 18,309,883
    sq. km 71 80 23 133 307
    objects 181,978 161,884 31,082 222,712 597,656
    Buildings LOD2
    Buildings LOD1

    View Slide

  7. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 7
    Buildings (LOD1)
    Population 2020
    General cities
    Ave. 132,890
    Ave. 331,811
    Yokohama
    Nagoya
    Osaka
    Sapporo
    Kyoto
    Shizuoka
    Sendai
    Fukuoka
    Kawasaki
    Hiroshima
    Saitama

    View Slide

  8. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 8
    Comparison of PLATEAU and OSM building in Tokyo
    • To compare the spatial distribution
    trends of building data from LOD1
    of PLATEAU and OSM, the number
    of buildings was counted in 23
    wards of central Tokyo (Seto, 2022),
    where the coverage of both data
    was high.
    • The numbers of objects for each
    building dataset in the entire area
    were 731,374 objects for OSM and
    1,768,252 objects for PLATEAU. If
    the number of objects in PLATEAU
    is considered the total, the number
    of buildings in OSM is
    approximately 40%.


    Tokyo Station

    Shibuya Station
    Shinjuku Station

    View Slide

  9. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 9
    https://osmbuildings.org/?lat=35.67952&lon=139.77378&zoom=16.0&tilt=30
    https://plateauview.mlit.go.jp?share=01h3c3q0h0e47mnx4qhpk154t6

    View Slide

  10. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 10
    Comparison of PLATEAU and OSM building in Tokyo
    • Compare microscopic spatial units, the number of units
    in each building data was tabulated for each of the 3,190
    city blocks, and the percentage of OSM data with
    PLATEAU data as the population was calculated.
    • The results indicated that 1548 city blocks had less than
    50% OSM data. However, in 502 (approximately 15.7%)
    city blocks, the OSM data exceeded the LOD1 data, with
    most located around the Tokyo Station or in the western
    part of the city.
    • As a factor in this discrepancy, a historical analysis of the
    timestamps and versions of the OSM building data
    (approximately 80,000 objects) not available in PLATEAU
    revealed that most data were created more than 2 years
    before the LOD1 data and have never been updated.
    • Therefore, LOD1 data with an update history older than
    2020 may need to be replaced to keep the data updated,
    even in areas with relatively suitable coverage of OSM
    data.

    View Slide

  11. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 11
    Comparison of PLATEAU and OSM building
    in East Tokyo Area

    View Slide

  12. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 12
    Development of PLATEAU View by FOSS4G
    • PLATEAU VIEW: A web application
    that enables visualization of various
    PLATEAU-related datasets.
    • The viewer architecture, called
    "Re:Earth", is based on CesiumJS,
    supports 3D tiles and CZML
    animations natively, and includes
    WebAssembly plug-ins for functional
    extensions.
    • Available from Github under Apache-
    2.0 license, it works with two systems,
    CMS and Editor, as well as Viewer.
    https://github.com/Project-PLATEAU/PLATEAU-VIEW-2.0

    View Slide

  13. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 13
    Development of PLATEAU CMS by FOSS4G
    1.CMS - A new system that allows non-
    technical users to manage 3D city
    model data, including upload, quality
    check, viewer customization, and data
    publication.
    2.Integration - 'Re:Earth CMS' offers
    improved architectural capabilities,
    promoting integration with other
    platforms like FME and PLATEAU SDKs
    for data format conversion.
    3.Open resources - available under
    Apache-2.0 license. And construction
    manual also CC-BY 4.0.
    https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/file/libraries/doc/plateau_doc_0009_ver03.pdf

    View Slide

  14. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 14
    https://plateauview.mlit.go.jp?share=01h2q5w9gp7am000sn5z5yat3w
    TIMELINE: ● Rental Bicycle Operation Status
    LEGEND: ex. Color coding
    based on building use ↓
    Office
    Commercial
    Hotel
    Commercial complex
    Residential
    Apartment complexes
    Residences with stores, etc.


    Government facilities
    welfare facilities
    Stations
    Factory
    Agriculture facilities
    Co-processing facilities
    Defense Facilities
    Others
    Unknown
    Button: Catalog search and URL
    screen sharing functions ↓
    STORY mode↑

    View Slide

  15. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 15
    Use-case Projects using FOSS4G Tools (16 open source/33 regional projects)
    https://github.com/Project-PLATEAU
    id field project title tools area github lang id field project title tools area github lang
    uc22-010
    Disaster
    Simulation
    simulation of the
    quantity of disaster
    waste generating
    QGIS large city ○ Python uc22-003 Urban Modeling
    Floor-Area-Ratio 3D
    visualization simulation system
    ArcGIS
    CesiumJS
    Babylon.js
    local ○ TypeScript
    uc22-018
    Disaster
    Simulation
    Development of a Plug-
    in System to Support
    Community Disaster
    Management
    CesiumJS local ○ JavaScript uc22-020 Urban Modeling
    Methodology on Urban
    Structure Simulation
    ArcGIS Pro
    QGIS
    R
    city ○ Python
    uc22-027
    Disaster
    Simulation
    Snow Risk Management
    Support Tool
    OpenFOAM
    ParaView
    QGIS
    Unity
    Blender
    local ○ C++ uc22-023 Urban Modeling
    System of Pedestrian Traffic
    Simulation
    QGIS
    Unity
    local ○ Python
    uc22-030
    Disaster
    Simulation
    Digital transformation of
    area management for
    disaster prevention
    CesiumJS
    Unreal Engine
    Rhinocerous
    Blender
    Revit
    local ○ C++ uc22-011 Urban Planning
    Gamification Methodology for
    Community Building with
    Citizen Engagement
    Cities:Skylines
    Mapbox
    local ○ C++
    uc22-039
    Disaster
    Simulation
    Simulation system of
    evacuation behavior (by
    car or foot) during floods
    R
    CesiumJS
    local ○ JavaScript uc22-012 Urban Planning DX of development permission
    CesiumJS
    TerriaJS
    GeoServer
    PostGIS
    city ○ TypeScript
    uc22-041
    Disaster
    Simulation
    Development of a Flood
    Risk Management
    Application via WebGIS
    Technology
    CesiumJS
    PostGIS
    ARCore
    Unity
    ArcGIS
    local ○ JavaScript
    uc22-028 Urban Planning
    Development of Area
    Management Dashboard
    CesiumJS
    TerriaJS
    GeoServer
    PostGIS
    pgrouting
    local ○ Clojure
    uc22-035 Urban Planning
    Development of an immersive
    urban planning tool using XR
    technology
    Next.js
    AR.js
    Three.js
    Unity
    OpenCV
    local ○ JavaScript
    uc22-013
    Environment
    Modeling
    Carbon Neutrality Policy
    Promotion Support
    System
    QGIS
    FZKViewer
    city ○ C++ uc22-040 Urban Planning
    Smart Planning Methods for
    Walkable Design
    QGIS
    Shade3D
    GAUSS
    local ○ Python
    uc22-045 Urban Planning
    Landscape planning support
    tools
    Unity local ○ Unity

    View Slide

  16. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 16
    PLATEAU SDK for Unity / Unreal Engine

    View Slide

  17. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 17
    Disaster & Urban Simulation
    • "Simulations" - Over half of the
    projects involve simulations,
    predominantly disaster-related.
    • "Evacuation and Reconstruction" -
    Key topics of focus, including traffic
    simulation for evacuation and
    planning for the reconstruction phase.
    • ”Spatial Analysis" - A common
    platform for developing these tools as
    plugins, used more than PLATEAU
    VIEW for such purposes.
    https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/use-case/ UC22-010-QGIS-DisasterWastePlugin
    UC22-039-evacuation-simulation-tools

    View Slide

  18. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 18
    Participatory City Management
    • "XR technology" - Used to engage
    citizens in urban planning.
    • "Workshops" - Utilized VR glasses
    and AR applications to discuss
    future concepts based on
    fieldwork data.
    • "PLATEAU VIEW 2.0" - Platform
    where results of these citizen
    engagement activities are shared.
    https://www.mlit.go.jp/plateau/use-case/

    View Slide

  19. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 19
    Findings and Future Works
    •Digital Commons: Central to PLATEAU's mission, creating a
    universally accessible and standardized environment.
    •User-Centric: Essential for broadening the project's appeal
    and user base, requiring further improvement in usability
    and data accessibility.
    •Continuous Updating and Nationwide Coverage: Key
    challenges for the project's future, with the need for
    incentivizing local governments for wider data coverage and
    ongoing updates.
    Map the New World.

    View Slide

  20. 2023/06/29 FOSS4G 2023 Academic Track 20
    Thank you !
    @tosseto
    [email protected]
    https://speakerdeck.com/tosseto
    https://tossetolab.github.io/

    View Slide