Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
Environment and Scope rule in R
Search
Itoshi NIKAIDO
September 02, 2012
Programming
2
580
Environment and Scope rule in R
Learning Environment and Lexical Scope rule in R
Itoshi NIKAIDO
September 02, 2012
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Itoshi NIKAIDO
See All by Itoshi NIKAIDO
Opening Remarks HPC OPS 2nd (Shinagawa)
dritoshi
1
440
Dong X. et. al. "Modeling gene expression using chromatin features in various cellular contexts"
dritoshi
1
490
R Object
dritoshi
2
440
Other Decks in Programming
See All in Programming
WebViewの現在地 - SwiftUI時代のWebKit - / The Current State Of WebView
marcy731
0
100
GoのGenericsによるslice操作との付き合い方
syumai
3
690
datadog dash 2025 LLM observability for reliability and stability
ivry_presentationmaterials
0
190
Azure AI Foundryではじめてのマルチエージェントワークフロー
seosoft
0
140
20250613-SSKMvol.15
diostray
0
100
Team topologies and the microservice architecture: a synergistic relationship
cer
PRO
0
1.1k
Create a website using Spatial Web
akkeylab
0
310
Beyond Portability: Live Migration for Evolving WebAssembly Workloads
chikuwait
0
400
Rubyでやりたい駆動開発 / Ruby driven development
chobishiba
1
480
Composerが「依存解決」のためにどんな工夫をしているか #phpcon
o0h
PRO
1
240
XP, Testing and ninja testing
m_seki
3
210
AIプログラマーDevinは PHPerの夢を見るか?
shinyasaita
1
170
Featured
See All Featured
RailsConf & Balkan Ruby 2019: The Past, Present, and Future of Rails at GitHub
eileencodes
138
34k
Performance Is Good for Brains [We Love Speed 2024]
tammyeverts
10
930
The Straight Up "How To Draw Better" Workshop
denniskardys
234
140k
RailsConf 2023
tenderlove
30
1.1k
Building an army of robots
kneath
306
45k
Designing for humans not robots
tammielis
253
25k
Visualization
eitanlees
146
16k
Six Lessons from altMBA
skipperchong
28
3.9k
Raft: Consensus for Rubyists
vanstee
140
7k
A Tale of Four Properties
chriscoyier
160
23k
Music & Morning Musume
bryan
46
6.6k
Design and Strategy: How to Deal with People Who Don’t "Get" Design
morganepeng
130
19k
Transcript
3ͷڥͱείʔϓ *UPTIJ/*,"*%0ESJUPTIJ!HNBJMDPN 1
3͕ͯ͢ΦϒδΣΫτ WFDUPS NBUSJY ؔ ͻͱͭͷΫϥεʹଐ͢Δ 2
ΦϒδΣΫτΛ্ॻ͖͞Εͨ͘ͳ͍ ؔΛݺͼग़͢ ύοέʔδΛಡΈࠐΉ 3
ͲͷΑ͏ͳ ΦϒδΣΫτ͕ར༻Մೳ͔ 4
-FYJDBMTDPQJOH ෳͷڥ͔ΒΦϒδΣΫτΛ୳͢ɾڥΛ࡞ ͢Δنଇ 5
FOWJSPONFOU ڥ 6
FOWJSPONFOU GSBNF FODMPTVSF 7
FOWJSPONFOU GSBNF FODMPTVSF TZNCPM㱻WBMVF lYz㱻 8
FOWJSPONFOU GSBNF FODMPTVSF ڥͷQPJOUFS Ͳͷڥͱ݁ͼ͍͍ͭͯΔͷ͔ 9
globalenv() .GlobalEnv baseenv() emptyenv() ... ... ͍ΘΏΔϫʔΫεϖʔε ίϯιʔϧεΫϦϓτ͔Βͷೖྗ͞ ΕͨΦϒδΣΫτ͕֨ೲ͞ΕΔ ※
ؔύοέʔδผ ڥͷߏ ઢܗͷπϦʔ 10
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmptyEnv ... ... search path:
ΦϒδΣΫτ Λݕࡧ͢Δڥͷॱং search() 4FBSDI1BUI ΦϒδΣΫτΛݕࡧ͢Δॱং 11
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... ... ϩʔυ͞ΕͨΦϒδΣΫτbase ͱ.GlobalEnvͷؒʹஔ͔ΕΔ
library() attach() 1BDLBHFσʔλ͕ϩʔυ͞ΕΔͱ MJCSBSZ ͱBUUBDI 12
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... ... ؔΛݺͼग़͢ ΫϩʔδϟʔڥΛݩʹڥ
(ධՁڥ)͕࡞ΒΕͯɺ 1൪ʹஔ͔ΕΔ ؔΛఆٛ͢Δͱ Ϋϩʔδϟڥ͕࡞ΒΕɺݺͼग़͞ΕΔͨͼʹධՁڥ͕ੜ͞ΕΔ ؔΛఆٛ͢Δ ͦͷڥΛؚΉڥ͕࡞ΒΕΔ = closure ڥ ͕ؔڥͱηοτʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺؔࣗͷॴΛ͍ͬͯΔɻ R ͜ΕΛར༻ͯ͠ΦϒδΣΫτΛ୳͢ɻ ͜ͷΑ͏ͳείʔϓنଇͷ͜ͱΛ Lexical scope ͱݺͿ ͜ͷΑ͏ͳؔͷ͜ͱΛΫϩʔδϟؔͱݺͿ 13
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... ... ؔΛݺͼग़͢ ΫϩʔδϟʔڥΛݩʹڥ
(ධՁڥ)͕࡞ΒΕͯɺ 1൪ʹஔ͔ΕΔ ؔͷҾ͍ͭධՁ͞ΕΔͷ͔ DBMMCZWBMVFͱMB[ZFWBMVBUJPO ؔΛఆٛ͢Δ ͦͷڥΛؚΉڥ͕࡞ΒΕΔ = closure ڥ 1. ͕ؔݺͼग़͞ΕΔͱɺධՁڥͷҾϚονϯάنଇͰ ԾҾͱ࣮Ҿ͕র߹͞ΕΔ 2. ͕ؔධՁ͞ΕΔ 3. Ҿ͕ඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺҾͰ༩͑ΒΕͨʹॳظԽ͞ΕΔ (ԆධՁ) ͜ͷͱ͖ͷϙΠϯλͰͳ͘ɺͦͷͷʹஔ͖มΘΔ (͠) (ԆධՁ༧ΦϒδΣΫτͰୡ͍ͯ͠Δ͕આ໌ΛׂѪ) 14
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... αʔνύεΛ੍ޚ͍ͨ͠ αʔνύεͷྫ֎తͳॲཧͰ͋Δ໊લۭؒΛར༻͢Δ 0.
ΦϒδΣΫτΛఏڙ͢Δύοέʔδ ͷ໊લۭؒ 1. Πϯϙʔτ͞ΕΦϒδΣΫτ 2. base ύοέʔδͷ໊લۭؒ 3. search path - ಉ໊ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛ۠ผ͢Δ - ΦϒδΣΫτͷΧϓηϧԽ Λ͢ΔͨΊͷྫ֎ = namespace 15
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... 3ͰڥΛૢ࡞͢Δ ڥͷใΛಘΔ search()
searchpaths() topenv() parent.env() ݕࡧ͢Δ environment(ls) ଘࡏͷ֬ೝ exists(“+”, env = baseenv()) ڥΛ࡞Δ e1 <- new.env() e1 16
baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv 3ͰڥΛૢ࡞͢Δ ڥʹର͢Δมͷૢ࡞ # มΛׂΓͯΔ > assign("a",
1:10, envir = baseenv()) # ݕࡧ͢Δ > exists("a", envir = globalenv(), inherits = FALSE) [1] FALSE > exists("a", envir = baseenv(), inherits = FALSE) [1] TRUE # มΛݕࡧͯ͠ɺΛऔΓग़͢ > mget("a", envir = baseenv()) $a [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > get("a", envir = baseenv()) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 17
3Ͱ໊લۭؒΛૢ࡞͢Δ ໊લۭؒͷใΛಘΔɾύοέʔδͷมʹΞΫηε͢Δ # มʹΞΫηε͢Δ # Package::name # export() ͞Ε͍ͯΔؔ base::log
# Package:::name # export() ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ؔ library(“Package”) Package:::name # ؔΛద༻ eapply(env, FUN) # ໊લۭؒͷใ loadedNamespaces() # ໊લۭؒͷૢ࡞ loadNamespace(ns) unloadNamespace(ns) attachNamespace(ns) # ໊લۭؒͷ࡞ asNamespace(“name”) # ΤΫεϙʔτ namespaceExport(ns) 18
3ͰڥͲͷΑ͏ʹදݱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ ࣮୯ͳΔMJTU R> e <- new.env() R> e <environment: 0x103186150>
R> e$a <- 1 R> e$b <- "hoge" R> e$b # ڥΛ list ʹ͢Δ R> as.list(e) $a [1] 1 $b [1] "hoge" 19
ڥࢀর͠ 3جຊతʹ͠Ͱ͋Δ͕ڥྫ֎ R> e <- new.env() R> e2 <- e
R> e <environment: 0x103186150> R> e2 <environment: 0x103186150> # ಉ͡ϙΠϯλΛ͍ͯ͞͠Δ R> e$a NULL # e2 ʹ a Λͭ͘Δ R> e2$a <- 1 R> e2$a 1 # ࢀর͠ͳͷͰe ʹ a ͕Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ R> e$a [1] 1 20
·ͱΊ ΦϒδΣΫτΛ্ॻ͖ͨ͘͠ͳ͔ͬͨ • R Lexical scope rule Ͱ͑ΔΦϒδΣΫτΛΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • RڥʹΑͬͯ
Lexical scope Λୡ͍ͯͨ͠ • Ϣʔβ͕ڥΛ࡞Δ͜ͱͰείʔϓϧʔϧʹج͍ͨΦϒδΣΫτΛੜ ɾཧͰ͖Δ • NamespaceͰείʔϓϧʔϧͷྫ֎Λ࡞ΓɺϢʔβ͕ͦͷείʔϓൣғ ΛܾΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɻRͰޙ͚ͷ࣮ͳͷͰࠓͰ༷͕एׯม Խத 21
ࢀߟࢿྉ จɺΦϯϥΠϯυΩϡϝϯτɺॻ੶ • Lexical Scope and Statistical Computing • The
R Language Definition • RϓϩάϥϛϯάϚχϡΞϧ • Rͷجૅͱϓϩάϥϛϯάٕ๏ 22