Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
Environment and Scope rule in R
Search
Itoshi NIKAIDO
September 02, 2012
Programming
2
570
Environment and Scope rule in R
Learning Environment and Lexical Scope rule in R
Itoshi NIKAIDO
September 02, 2012
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Itoshi NIKAIDO
See All by Itoshi NIKAIDO
Opening Remarks HPC OPS 2nd (Shinagawa)
dritoshi
1
420
Dong X. et. al. "Modeling gene expression using chromatin features in various cellular contexts"
dritoshi
1
480
R Object
dritoshi
2
440
Other Decks in Programming
See All in Programming
AI Agents with JavaScript
slobodan
0
210
Enterprise Web App. Development (1): Build Tool Training Ver. 5
knakagawa
1
110
5年間継続して開発した自作OSSの記録
bebeji_nappa
0
140
国漢文混用体からHolloまで
minhee
1
150
サービスクラスのありがたみを発見したときの思い出 #phpcon_odawara
77web
4
620
新卒から4年間、20年もののWebサービスと 向き合って学んだソフトウェア考古学
oguri
8
7.2k
海外のアプリで見かけたかっこいいTransitionを真似てみる
shogotakasaki
1
160
AIコードエディタの基盤となるLLMのFlutter性能評価
alquist4121
0
190
php-fpm がリクエスト処理する仕組みを追う / Tracing-How-php-fpm-Handles-Requests
shin1x1
5
2.8k
「影響が少ない」を自分の目でみてみる
o0h
PRO
2
930
コンテナでLambdaをデプロイするときに知っておきたかったこと
_takahash
0
180
Java 24まとめ / Java 24 summary
kishida
3
440
Featured
See All Featured
Bash Introduction
62gerente
611
210k
Refactoring Trust on Your Teams (GOTO; Chicago 2020)
rmw
34
2.9k
Visualizing Your Data: Incorporating Mongo into Loggly Infrastructure
mongodb
45
9.5k
Dealing with People You Can't Stand - Big Design 2015
cassininazir
367
26k
Imperfection Machines: The Place of Print at Facebook
scottboms
267
13k
Practical Orchestrator
shlominoach
186
10k
Docker and Python
trallard
44
3.3k
Code Reviewing Like a Champion
maltzj
522
39k
The Art of Programming - Codeland 2020
erikaheidi
53
13k
Creating an realtime collaboration tool: Agile Flush - .NET Oxford
marcduiker
29
2k
Code Review Best Practice
trishagee
67
18k
Measuring & Analyzing Core Web Vitals
bluesmoon
6
380
Transcript
3ͷڥͱείʔϓ *UPTIJ/*,"*%0ESJUPTIJ!HNBJMDPN 1
3͕ͯ͢ΦϒδΣΫτ WFDUPS NBUSJY ؔ ͻͱͭͷΫϥεʹଐ͢Δ 2
ΦϒδΣΫτΛ্ॻ͖͞Εͨ͘ͳ͍ ؔΛݺͼग़͢ ύοέʔδΛಡΈࠐΉ 3
ͲͷΑ͏ͳ ΦϒδΣΫτ͕ར༻Մೳ͔ 4
-FYJDBMTDPQJOH ෳͷڥ͔ΒΦϒδΣΫτΛ୳͢ɾڥΛ࡞ ͢Δنଇ 5
FOWJSPONFOU ڥ 6
FOWJSPONFOU GSBNF FODMPTVSF 7
FOWJSPONFOU GSBNF FODMPTVSF TZNCPM㱻WBMVF lYz㱻 8
FOWJSPONFOU GSBNF FODMPTVSF ڥͷQPJOUFS Ͳͷڥͱ݁ͼ͍͍ͭͯΔͷ͔ 9
globalenv() .GlobalEnv baseenv() emptyenv() ... ... ͍ΘΏΔϫʔΫεϖʔε ίϯιʔϧεΫϦϓτ͔Βͷೖྗ͞ ΕͨΦϒδΣΫτ͕֨ೲ͞ΕΔ ※
ؔύοέʔδผ ڥͷߏ ઢܗͷπϦʔ 10
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmptyEnv ... ... search path:
ΦϒδΣΫτ Λݕࡧ͢Δڥͷॱং search() 4FBSDI1BUI ΦϒδΣΫτΛݕࡧ͢Δॱং 11
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... ... ϩʔυ͞ΕͨΦϒδΣΫτbase ͱ.GlobalEnvͷؒʹஔ͔ΕΔ
library() attach() 1BDLBHFσʔλ͕ϩʔυ͞ΕΔͱ MJCSBSZ ͱBUUBDI 12
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... ... ؔΛݺͼग़͢ ΫϩʔδϟʔڥΛݩʹڥ
(ධՁڥ)͕࡞ΒΕͯɺ 1൪ʹஔ͔ΕΔ ؔΛఆٛ͢Δͱ Ϋϩʔδϟڥ͕࡞ΒΕɺݺͼग़͞ΕΔͨͼʹධՁڥ͕ੜ͞ΕΔ ؔΛఆٛ͢Δ ͦͷڥΛؚΉڥ͕࡞ΒΕΔ = closure ڥ ͕ؔڥͱηοτʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺؔࣗͷॴΛ͍ͬͯΔɻ R ͜ΕΛར༻ͯ͠ΦϒδΣΫτΛ୳͢ɻ ͜ͷΑ͏ͳείʔϓنଇͷ͜ͱΛ Lexical scope ͱݺͿ ͜ͷΑ͏ͳؔͷ͜ͱΛΫϩʔδϟؔͱݺͿ 13
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... ... ؔΛݺͼग़͢ ΫϩʔδϟʔڥΛݩʹڥ
(ධՁڥ)͕࡞ΒΕͯɺ 1൪ʹஔ͔ΕΔ ؔͷҾ͍ͭධՁ͞ΕΔͷ͔ DBMMCZWBMVFͱMB[ZFWBMVBUJPO ؔΛఆٛ͢Δ ͦͷڥΛؚΉڥ͕࡞ΒΕΔ = closure ڥ 1. ͕ؔݺͼग़͞ΕΔͱɺධՁڥͷҾϚονϯάنଇͰ ԾҾͱ࣮Ҿ͕র߹͞ΕΔ 2. ͕ؔධՁ͞ΕΔ 3. Ҿ͕ඞཁʹͳͬͨΒɺҾͰ༩͑ΒΕͨʹॳظԽ͞ΕΔ (ԆධՁ) ͜ͷͱ͖ͷϙΠϯλͰͳ͘ɺͦͷͷʹஔ͖มΘΔ (͠) (ԆධՁ༧ΦϒδΣΫτͰୡ͍ͯ͠Δ͕આ໌ΛׂѪ) 14
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... αʔνύεΛ੍ޚ͍ͨ͠ αʔνύεͷྫ֎తͳॲཧͰ͋Δ໊લۭؒΛར༻͢Δ 0.
ΦϒδΣΫτΛఏڙ͢Δύοέʔδ ͷ໊લۭؒ 1. Πϯϙʔτ͞ΕΦϒδΣΫτ 2. base ύοέʔδͷ໊લۭؒ 3. search path - ಉ໊ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛ۠ผ͢Δ - ΦϒδΣΫτͷΧϓηϧԽ Λ͢ΔͨΊͷྫ֎ = namespace 15
globalenv() R_GlobalEnv baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv ... 3ͰڥΛૢ࡞͢Δ ڥͷใΛಘΔ search()
searchpaths() topenv() parent.env() ݕࡧ͢Δ environment(ls) ଘࡏͷ֬ೝ exists(“+”, env = baseenv()) ڥΛ࡞Δ e1 <- new.env() e1 16
baseenv() base emptyenv() R_EmpltyEnv 3ͰڥΛૢ࡞͢Δ ڥʹର͢Δมͷૢ࡞ # มΛׂΓͯΔ > assign("a",
1:10, envir = baseenv()) # ݕࡧ͢Δ > exists("a", envir = globalenv(), inherits = FALSE) [1] FALSE > exists("a", envir = baseenv(), inherits = FALSE) [1] TRUE # มΛݕࡧͯ͠ɺΛऔΓग़͢ > mget("a", envir = baseenv()) $a [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > get("a", envir = baseenv()) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 17
3Ͱ໊લۭؒΛૢ࡞͢Δ ໊લۭؒͷใΛಘΔɾύοέʔδͷมʹΞΫηε͢Δ # มʹΞΫηε͢Δ # Package::name # export() ͞Ε͍ͯΔؔ base::log
# Package:::name # export() ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ؔ library(“Package”) Package:::name # ؔΛద༻ eapply(env, FUN) # ໊લۭؒͷใ loadedNamespaces() # ໊લۭؒͷૢ࡞ loadNamespace(ns) unloadNamespace(ns) attachNamespace(ns) # ໊લۭؒͷ࡞ asNamespace(“name”) # ΤΫεϙʔτ namespaceExport(ns) 18
3ͰڥͲͷΑ͏ʹදݱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔ ࣮୯ͳΔMJTU R> e <- new.env() R> e <environment: 0x103186150>
R> e$a <- 1 R> e$b <- "hoge" R> e$b # ڥΛ list ʹ͢Δ R> as.list(e) $a [1] 1 $b [1] "hoge" 19
ڥࢀর͠ 3جຊతʹ͠Ͱ͋Δ͕ڥྫ֎ R> e <- new.env() R> e2 <- e
R> e <environment: 0x103186150> R> e2 <environment: 0x103186150> # ಉ͡ϙΠϯλΛ͍ͯ͞͠Δ R> e$a NULL # e2 ʹ a Λͭ͘Δ R> e2$a <- 1 R> e2$a 1 # ࢀর͠ͳͷͰe ʹ a ͕Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ R> e$a [1] 1 20
·ͱΊ ΦϒδΣΫτΛ্ॻ͖ͨ͘͠ͳ͔ͬͨ • R Lexical scope rule Ͱ͑ΔΦϒδΣΫτΛΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • RڥʹΑͬͯ
Lexical scope Λୡ͍ͯͨ͠ • Ϣʔβ͕ڥΛ࡞Δ͜ͱͰείʔϓϧʔϧʹج͍ͨΦϒδΣΫτΛੜ ɾཧͰ͖Δ • NamespaceͰείʔϓϧʔϧͷྫ֎Λ࡞ΓɺϢʔβ͕ͦͷείʔϓൣғ ΛܾΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔɻRͰޙ͚ͷ࣮ͳͷͰࠓͰ༷͕एׯม Խத 21
ࢀߟࢿྉ จɺΦϯϥΠϯυΩϡϝϯτɺॻ੶ • Lexical Scope and Statistical Computing • The
R Language Definition • RϓϩάϥϛϯάϚχϡΞϧ • Rͷجૅͱϓϩάϥϛϯάٕ๏ 22