Linux Introduction (for Raspberry Pi Course)

Transcript

1. speakerdeck.com/
   uranusjr
   

   View Slide

2. Agenda
   • Introduction
   • The shell
   • Git
   • Linux topics
   • Writing code
   • Python basics
   • Python in shell
   • Extensions
   

   View Slide

3. Introduction to Linux
   

   View Slide

4. View Slide

5. Me
   • Call me TP
   • https://uranusjr.com
   • Python, C++, OS X,
   iOS, Web
   • Tutorials and courses
   • Speaker
   • Django Girls Taipei

   

   View Slide

6. Quick Polls
   • Something “not Windows”
   • Command line interface
   • Plain text editors
   • Programming
   

   View Slide

7. View Slide

8. View Slide

9. Prompt
   

   View Slide

10. pi@raspberrypi:~$
    

    View Slide

11. pi@raspberrypi:~$
    ⢪欽罏
    

    View Slide

12. pi@raspberrypi:~$
    ⚺堣せ珕
    

    View Slide

13. pi@raspberrypi:~$
    騟䖜
    

    View Slide

14. Shell
    • Core — Shell — User
    • Command line interface
    • Bash (Bourne-Again Shell)
    

    View Slide

15. $  pwd  
    /home/pi
    

    View Slide

16. $  mkdir  bedroom  
    

    View Slide

17. $  ls  
    bedroom    Desktop
    

    View Slide

18. $  touch  table  
    

    View Slide

19. $  ls  
    bedroom    Desktop    table
    

    View Slide

20. $  cd  bedroom  
    $  pwd  
    剙곎爙➊랁
    

    View Slide

21. $  mkdir  closet  
    

    View Slide

22. 銲䙥랁鹌Ⰵ  closet
    

    View Slide

23. $  cd  closet  
    

    View Slide

24. $  cd  ../..  
    植㖈➂㖈ㆬ酬♶銲⡲䒦
    

    View Slide

25. 穩㼨騟䖜  
    /home/pi/bedroom/closet  
    湱㼨騟䖜  
    bedroom/closet
    

    View Slide

26. ..  =  㢩꬗
    

    View Slide

27. 現在位置（.）  
    /home/pi/bedroom/closet  
    外面兩層（../..）  
    /home/pi
    

    View Slide

28. $  cd  ~  
    $  cp  -­‐r  bedroom  guest-­‐room  
    $  ls  
    剙⳿植➊랁
    

    View Slide

29. $  cd  guest-­‐room  
    酬꬗僽やㄤ  bedroom  ♧垺剣♧
    ⦐  closet銲䙥랁墝叆
    

    View Slide

30. 拷貝一樣東西  
    cp  something  
    拷貝一樣東西，以及裡面的所有東西  
    cp  -r  something
    

    View Slide

31. 拷貝一樣東西  
    cp  something  
    拷貝一樣東西，以及裡面的所有東西  
    cp  -r  something
    չ⿭侶պ䧴չ䒷侶պ
    

    View Slide

32. $  man  cp  
    ...  
    -­‐R,  -­‐r,  -­‐-­‐recursive  
           copy  directories  recursively
    

    View Slide

33. $  cd  ..  
    鸍垺剙ⵋㆬ酬
    

    View Slide

34. $  mv  guest-­‐room  living-­‐room  
    $  ls  
    剙⳿植➊랁
    

    View Slide

35. $  mv  living-­‐room/closet  bedroom/closet2  
    鸍⦐䭷⟀⨞✪➊랁✲䞔
    

    View Slide

36. $  rm  ~/table  
    $  rm  -­‐r  ~/bedroom  
    $  rm  -­‐r  ~/living-­‐room  
    敮嫅։
    

    View Slide

37. The File System
    • The root directory
    • Other partitions are “mounted”
    • Things have their places
    • Names are case-sensitive
    

    View Slide

38. /
    ├── bin
    ├── dev
    ├── etc
    ├── home
    │ └── pi
    ├── lib
    ├── media
    ├── opt
    ├── root
    ├── tmp
    ├── usr
    └── var
    

    View Slide

39. Permissions
    • Essential for Un*x systems
    • Owner, group, others
    • Read, write, execute
    

    View Slide

40. $  groups  
    pi  adm  dialout  cdrom  sudo  audio  
    video  plugdev  games  users  netdev  
    gpio  i2c  spi  input
    

    View Slide

41. $  groups  pi  
    pi  :  pi  adm  dialout  cdrom  sudo  
    audio  video  plugdev  games  users  
    netdev  input  spi  i2c  gpio
    

    View Slide

42. $  cd  /var  
    $  ls  -­‐l  
    total  102436  
    drwxr-­‐xr-­‐x  8  root  root    Aug  16  05:17  log  
    drwxrwsr-­‐x  2  root  mail    May    6  22:12  mail  
    -­‐rw-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  1  root  root    May    6  23:29  swap  
    drwxrwxrwt  2  root  root    Jan  11    2015  tmp
    

    View Slide

43. 奚ꣳ垦硹 䠑纏
    r 隡《
    w 㻨Ⰵ
    x 㛂遤鹎Ⰵ湡ꏗ
    s ⟃暶㹁魨⟨㛂遤
    t ⫦乩剤罏〳ⵅꤑ荈䊹涸墂呪
    

    View Slide

44. 奚ꣳ垦硹 䠑纏
    r 隡《
    w 㻨Ⰵ
    x 㛂遤鹎Ⰵ湡ꏗ
    s ⟃暶㹁魨⟨㛂遤
    t ⫦乩剤罏〳ⵅꤑ荈䊹涸墂呪
    

    View Slide

45. $  cd  /var  
    $  ls  -­‐l  
    total  102436  
    drwxr-­‐xr-­‐x  8  root  root    Aug  16  05:17  log  
    drwxrwsr-­‐x  2  root  mail    May    6  22:12  mail  
    -­‐rw-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  1  root  root    May    6  23:29  swap  
    drwxrwxrwt  2  root  root    Jan  11    2015  tmp
    

    View Slide

46. The Superuser
    • “root”
    • Can do anything
    • Log-in disabled by default
    

    View Slide

47. /
    ├── bin
    ├── dev
    ├── etc
    ├── home
    │ └── pi
    ├── lib
    ├── media
    ├── opt
    ├── root
    ├── tmp
    ├── usr
    └── var
    Superuser’s
    home directory!
    

    View Slide

48. sudo
    • “superuser do”
    • Run a command as
    superuser
    • Requires the sudo group
    

    View Slide

49. $  groups  pi  
    pi  :  pi  adm  dialout  cdrom  sudo  
    audio  video  plugdev  games  users  
    netdev  input  spi  i2c  gpio
    

    View Slide

50. $  whoami  
    pi  
    $  sudo  whoami  
    root
    

    View Slide

51. Package Manager
    • APT = Advance package Tool
    • apt-get
    • apt-cache
    

    View Slide

52. $  sudo  apt-­‐get  update  
    $  sudo  apt-­‐get  install  git
    

    View Slide

53. Git Basics
    

    View Slide

54. View Slide

55. View Slide

56. $  cd  ~  
    $  git  clone  https://github.com/raspberrypi-­‐
    tw/workshop.git  
    $  cd  workshop/gpio-­‐tutorial-­‐03/02_2-­‐
    led_blink/led_blink.py  
    $  ls  
    led.py
    

    View Slide

57. $  python  led.py
    

    View Slide

58. HJUDMPOF 䭡頺♧⦐(JU墂呪䏨
    HJUBEE墂呪
    䪾墂呪⸈Ⰵ墂呪䏨
    HJUBEE〳⟃♧妄⸈Ⰵ鿈墂呪
    HJUDPNNJUN鏽鎹 ⸈Ⰵ♧⦐晝劥
    HJUTUBUVT 叆溏湡⵹涸墂呪䏨朜䢀
    HJUEJ 叆溏湡⵹墂呪䏨ㄤ♳⦐晝劥⛓꟦涸䊴殯
    HJUMPH 叆溏晝劥鎹ꏗ
    HJUQVTI 㼟劥㖒墂呪䏨♳⫄荛黇畮
    HJUQVMM 刿倞劥㖒Ⰹ㺂
    

    View Slide

59. How a Linux OS Boots
    

    View Slide

60. Boot Sequence
    • Load the kernel (details omitted)
    • Prepare the system
    • Start services
    • Run custom startup hooks
    • User log in
    

    View Slide

61. Boot Sequence
    • Load the kernel (details omitted)
    • Prepare the system
    • Start services
    • Run custom startup hooks
    • User log in
    

    View Slide

62. Run Levels
    ꡠ堥
    ㋲➃笞隌垸䒭
    搂/'4㢵➃垸䒭
    㸤侮㢵➃垸䒭
    ⥃殆
    
    㕮䕎➝꬗
    ꅾꟚ堥
    

    View Slide

63. $  ls  -­‐d  /etc/rc*  
    /etc/rc0.d    /etc/rc1.d    /etc/rc2.d  
    /etc/rc3.d    /etc/rc4.d    /etc/rc5.d  
    /etc/rc6.d    /etc/rc.local    /etc/rcS.d
    

    View Slide

64. $  ls  -­‐d  /etc/rc*  
    /etc/rc0.d    /etc/rc1.d    /etc/rc2.d  
    /etc/rc3.d    /etc/rc4.d    /etc/rc5.d  
    /etc/rc6.d    /etc/rc.local    /etc/rcS.d
    

    View Slide

65. raspberrypi  login:
    

    View Slide

66. $  ls  -­‐A  ~  
    .bashrc      .bash_logout      .bash_profile  
    .profile  
    $  ls  -­‐d  /etc/profile*    
    /etc/profile    /etc/profile.d
    

    View Slide

67. Summary
    • Startup
    • Run levels
    • Single-user and multi-user mode
    • Login shells and non-login shells
    

    View Slide

68. $  nano
    

    View Slide

69. View Slide

70. ^R
    ➿邌
    Control
    

    View Slide

71. 倰ぢ꒳ 獵⹛康垦
    1H6Q 1H%O )PNF &OE 獵⹛康垦
    ^O 㶸墂
    ^R Ꟛ㉬墂呪
    ^X 鷎ⴀ剚鑉㉏僽や⮭㶸墂呪
    ^W 䵃㼦
    ^K 䭡頺♧遤俒㶶
    ^U 顦♳⛓⵹䭡頺涸俒㶶
    

    View Slide

72. Demo
    

    View Slide

73. Error  writing  /etc/hosts:  Permission  denied
    

    View Slide

74. Demo
    

    View Slide

75. Try it!
    

    View Slide

76. $  cd  ~  
    $  git  clone  https://github.com/serialhex/
    nano-­‐highlight.git  .nano  
    $  nano  .nanorc
    

    View Slide

77. include  "~/.nano/python.nanorc"  
    set  tabsize  4  
    set  tabstospaces
    

    View Slide