Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes

The presentation slides of the paper "T. K. Satish Kumar, Hong Xu, Zheng Tang, Anoop Kumar, Craig Milo Rogers, and Craig A. Knoblock. Alert generation in execution monitoring using resource envelopes. In Proceedings of the 31st International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS), 38–43. 2018."

More details: http://www.hong.me/papers/kumar2018.html
Link to published paper: https://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/FLAIRS/FLAIRS18/paper/view/17615/16853

Transcript

1. Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using
   Resource Envelopes
   T. K. Satish Kumar Hong Xu Zheng Tang Anoop Kumar Craig Milo Rogers
   Craig A. Knoblock
   tkskwork@gmail.com, hongx@usc.edu, {zhengtan, anoopk, rogers, knoblock}@isi.edu
   May 21, 2018
   Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California
   the 31st International FLAIRS Conference (FLAIRS 2018)
   Melbourne, Florida, the United States of America
   

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2. Executive Summary
   Execution monitoring is an important aspect of AI. We apply the idea of
   resource envelope to alert generation in execution monitoring. We study
   three applications in details.
   Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 1 / 15
   

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3. Agenda
   Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring
   Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope
   Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution
   Monitoring
   Conclusion
   Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 2 / 15
   

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4. Agenda
   Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring
   Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope
   Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution
   Monitoring
   Conclusion
   

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5. Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring
   For a given execution plan, adaptation are often required in response to a
   changing environment. Alerts for such adaption are important.
   Ships need to adapt their routes
   in response to unexpected
   hurricane. (Image: (Skillet n.d.))
   A team needs to adapt its plan
   in response to unexpected
   illness of its members. (Image: (U.S.
   Department of Defense Current Photos 2013))
   Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 3 / 15
   

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6. Potential Future Resource Depletion as Alerts
   • One important type of alert relates to potential future resource
   depletion.
   • Examples include depletion of fuel in transportation applications,
   labor hours in human resource management applications, supplies in
   manufacturing applications, and so on.
   • We apply the idea of resource envelope to generate this type of alert
   under the framework of Simple Temporal Network with Resources
   (STNR), a temporal reasoning framework.
   Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 4 / 15
   

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7. Agenda
   Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring
   Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope
   Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution
   Monitoring
   Conclusion
   

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8. Simple Temporal Network (STN)
   • A graphical representation of a collection of simple temporal
   constraints between the execution times of various events.
   • First proposed in (Dechter et al. 1991).
   • Formally, it is defined on a directed graph G = X, E , where
   • X is a set of events, and
   • each edge eij
   = (Xi
   , Xj
   ) ∈ E represents a simple temporal constraint
   LB(eij
   ) ≤ Xj
   − Xi
   ≤ UB(eij
   ).
   Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 5 / 15
   

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9. Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR)
   Each event in an STN is also associated with a resource level. A resource
   level is positive/negative if this event produces/consumes resources.
   Example:
   X0
   : 0
   X1
   : 50 X2
   : −50
   X3
   : 250
   X4
   : −150
   [5,10]
   [5,8]
   [10,10]
   [2,4]
   [5,10]
   Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 6 / 15
   

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10. Resource Envelope
    The largest and
    smallest possible
    total resource
    levels at each time
    instant (Kumar
    2003). Can be
    computed using a
    maxflow
    procedure.
    X0
    : 0
    X1
    : 50 X2
    : −50
    X3
    : 250
    X4
    : −150
    [5,10]
    [5,8]
    [10,10]
    [2,4]
    [5,10]
    0 5 10 15 20 25 30
    Time Instant
    0
    50
    100
    150
    200
    250
    300
    Resource Level
    Upper Resource Envelope
    Lower Resource Envelope
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 7 / 15
    

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11. Agenda
    Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring
    Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope
    Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution
    Monitoring
    Conclusion
    

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12. Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation
    Basic Principle: If the minimum resource level is too low at some time
    instants, an alert should be generated.
    Example: If resource level below 110 is dangerous at time instant 17, an
    alert will be generated.
    0 5 10 15 20 25 30
    Time Instant
    0
    50
    100
    150
    200
    250
    300
    Resource Level
    Upper Resource Envelope
    Lower Resource Envelope
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 8 / 15
    

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13. Smart Home
    X0
    (0,0)
    Heater starts
    (-400,0)
    Heater ends
    (400,300)
    Washer starts
    (-500,-70)
    Washer ends
    (500, 0)
    Dryer starts
    (-600, 0)
    Dryer ends
    (600, 0)
    Refrigerator starts
    (-100,0)
    Refrigerator ends
    (100,0)
    Refrigerator starts
    (-100,0)
    Refrigerator ends
    (100,0)
    Rice Cooker starts
    (-100,-3)
    Rice Cooker ends
    (100,0)
    Dishwasher starts
    (-1200,-100)
    Dishwasher ends
    (1200,0)
    Xf
    (0,0)
    [0,+∞]
    [30,35]
    [5,30]
    [45,50]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,0]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,40]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,+∞]
    [20,30]
    [1020,1080]
    [0,+∞] [50,70]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,240]
    [0,0]
    [0,+∞
    ]
    [40,45]
    [0,+∞
    ]
    [0,+∞
    ]
    [0,+∞]
    0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
    Time Instant (elapsed time since 12:00am in minutes)
    2000
    1750
    1500
    1250
    1000
    750
    500
    250
    0
    Resource Level (electrical power in watts)
    Upper Resource Envelope
    Lower Resource Envelope
    Electrical Power Limit
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 9 / 15
    

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14. Smart Home
    X0
    (0,0)
    Heater starts
    (-400,0)
    Heater ends
    (400,300)
    Washer starts
    (-500,-70)
    Washer ends
    (500, 0)
    Dryer starts
    (-600, 0)
    Dryer ends
    (600, 0)
    Refrigerator starts
    (-100,0)
    Refrigerator ends
    (100,0)
    Refrigerator starts
    (-100,0)
    Refrigerator ends
    (100,0)
    Rice Cooker starts
    (-100,-3)
    Rice Cooker ends
    (100,0)
    Dishwasher starts
    (-1200,-100)
    Dishwasher ends
    (1200,0)
    Xf
    (0,0)
    [0,+∞]
    [30,35]
    [5,30]
    [45,50]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,0]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,40]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,+∞]
    [20,30]
    [1020,1080]
    [0,+∞] [50,70]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,240]
    [0,0]
    [0,+∞
    ]
    [40,45]
    [0,+∞
    ]
    [0,+∞
    ]
    [0,+∞]
    [0,+∞] 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
    Time Instant (elapsed time since 12:00am in minutes)
    2000
    1750
    1500
    1250
    1000
    750
    500
    250
    0
    Resource Level (electrical power in watts)
    Upper Resource Envelope
    Lower Resource Envelope
    Electrical Power Limit
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 10 / 15
    

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15. Food Delivery
    r1
    c1
    c2
    c3
    c6
    c5
    c4
    r2
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
    Time Instant (elapsed time since being en route)
    0
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    Resource Level (amount of menu items in car)
    Upper Resource Envelope
    Lower Resource Envelope
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 11 / 15
    

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16. Food Delivery
    r1
    c1
    c2
    c3
    c6
    c5
    c4
    r2
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
    Time Instant (elapsed time since being en route)
    0
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    Resource Level (amount of menu items in car)
    Upper Resource Envelope
    Lower Resource Envelope
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 12 / 15
    

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17. Service Management (System Boot)
    • During system boot, services are being started.
    • Traditionally, a service cannot start before all its dependencies have
    started.
    • A modern system service management system, such as systemd, can
    start a service and its dependencies at the same time.
    • For example, the web service depends on the database management
    system (DBMS). The web service
    • begins starting up without the DBMS (A1 begins),
    • then gets interrupted when it needs to connect to the DBMS (A1 ends),
    • continues starting up once the DBMS is ready (A2 begins), and
    • finishes starting up (A2 ends).
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 13 / 15
    

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18. Service Management (System Boot)
    X0
    : 2
    A1
    begins : -1
    A1
    ends : 1
    A2
    begins : -1
    A2
    ends : 1
    B1
    begins : -1
    B1
    ends : 1
    B2
    begins : -1
    B2
    ends : 1
    C begins : -1
    C ends : 1
    Xf
    [0,+∞] [0,+∞]
    [0,+∞]
    [15,15] [0,10]
    [20,20]
    [0,10]
    [40,40]
    [0,+∞] [0,+∞]
    [10,10]
    [15,15]
    [0,+∞] [0,+∞]
    Resource: CPU cores
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60
    Time Instant (elapsed time during system boot)
    1.0
    0.5
    0.0
    0.5
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    Resource Level (number of CPU cores)
    Upper Resource Envelope
    Lower Resource Envelope
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 14 / 15
    

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19. Agenda
    Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring
    Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope
    Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution
    Monitoring
    Conclusion
    

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20. Conclusion
    • Generating alerts for resource depletion in execution monitoring is
    important.
    • We apply the idea of resource envelope to generate this type of alert
    under the framework of Simple Temporal Network with Resources
    (STNR).
    • We demonstrate on three application domains: smart home, food
    delivery, and service management.
    • (Future work) Make use of more features in resource envelopes.
    Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 15 / 15
    

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21. References I
    R. Dechter, I. Meiri, and J. Pearl. “Temporal constraint networks”. In: Artificial Intelligence 49.1–3 (1991),
    pp. 61–95. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(91)90006-6.
    T. K. S. Kumar. “Incremental Computation of Resource-Envelopes in Producer-Consumer Models”. In: the
    International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming. 2003, pp. 664–678.
    S. D. Skillet. Clipper Ship HURRICANE in the English Channel. url:
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S._D._Skillet_-
    _Clipper_Ship_HURRICANE_in_the_English_Channel.jpg.
    U.S. Department of Defense Current Photos. Jan. 2013. url:
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:130105-A-GX635-442_(8364697465).jpg.
    

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