Visualizing Data (AU)

Data Visualization: Using Data to Tell a Story
Feb 9, 2023
Aaron Chafetz and Tim Essam | USAID

Presented to American University's Measurement and Evaluation Program
Recording available at the following link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uJv6hmgmHQ&t=4s

Transcript

1. Visualizing Data Using Data to Tell a Story February 9, 2023 | Virtual | American University Measurement and Evaluation Program
2. 2 This presentation was made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The contents in this presentation are the sole responsibility of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, PEPFAR or the United States Government.
3. SESSION PRESENTERS 3 AARON Chafetz Senior Economist TIM Essam Senior Data Scientist US Agency for International Development Office of HIV/AIDS | Strategic Information Branch
4. 4 PEPFAR US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
5. Takeaways 5
6. Bottom Line Up Front (BLUF) • Data visualization is not graphic design • Less is usually better, or if using a lot of data you MUST have visual hierarchy • Good data visualization takes time, lots of it • Need to be always guided by a central question 6
7. • Understand the benefits of visualizing and exploring data • Be able to identify problems with a visualization • Feel comfortable with data visualization principles • Apply data viz principles to work products Learning Objectives 7
8. Why visualize data? 8
9. 9 How many 4’s are in the visual?
10. 10 8 8 2 7 5 4 6 1 5 6 4 6 8 2 4 8 8 1 4 5 8 1 8 8 0 4 3 8 4 7 6 7 3 6 0 7 0 1 8 5 How many 4’s are in the visual?
11. 11 8 8 2 7 5 4 6 1 5 6 4 6 8 2 4 8 8 1 4 5 8 1 8 8 0 4 3 8 4 7 6 7 3 6 0 7 0 1 8 5 How many 4’s are in the visual?
12. 12 8 8 2 7 5 4 6 1 5 6 4 6 8 2 4 8 8 1 4 5 8 1 8 8 0 4 3 8 4 7 6 7 3 6 0 7 0 1 8 5 These are 4s. What we typically see How many 4’s are in the visual?
13. These choices aren’t random; there are good reasons graphics teams do what they do 13 Covid response hampered by population data glitches - FT/Oliver Barnes & John Burn-Murdoch
14. Better Data Visualizations - Jon Schwabish Preattentive attributes 14
15. 15 8 8 2 7 5 4 6 1 5 6 4 6 8 2 4 8 8 1 4 5 8 1 8 8 0 4 3 8 4 7 6 7 3 6 0 7 0 1 8 5 There are 6 fours in the visual below. How many 4’s are in the visual?
16. 16 Do PEPFAR graphics typically adhere to these principles?
17. 17 x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71 9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84 11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47 14 14 14 8 9.96 8.1 8.84 7.04 6 6 6 8 7.24 6.13 6.08 5.25 4 4 4 19 4.26 3.1 5.39 12.5 12 12 12 8 10.84 9.13 8.15 5.56 7 7 7 8 4.82 7.26 6.42 7.91 5 5 5 8 5.68 4.74 5.73 6.89 Average 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Variance 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 St. Dev. 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Anscombeʼs Quartet
18. 18 x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4 10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58 8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76 13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71 9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84 11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47 14 14 14 8 9.96 8.1 8.84 7.04 6 6 6 8 7.24 6.13 6.08 5.25 4 4 4 19 4.26 3.1 5.39 12.5 12 12 12 8 10.84 9.13 8.15 5.56 7 7 7 8 4.82 7.26 6.42 7.91 5 5 5 8 5.68 4.74 5.73 6.89 Average 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Variance 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 St. Dev. 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
20. 20 https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html
21. 21 Stop aggregating away the signal in your data - Visualization by Shan Carter, Zan Armstrong, Mike Freeman, and Ian Johnson
22. 22 Stop aggregating away the signal in your data - Visualization by Shan Carter, Zan Armstrong, Mike Freeman, and Ian Johnson
23. 23 Stop aggregating away the signal in your data - Visualization by Shan Carter, Zan Armstrong, Mike Freeman, and Ian Johnson
24. 24 Stop aggregating away the signal in your data - Visualization by Shan Carter, Zan Armstrong, Mike Freeman, and Ian Johnson
25. Workflow Process 25
26. 26 Photo by Sonja Langford on Unsplash
27. 27 What Questions to Ask When Creating Charts - Lisa Charlotte Muth
28. 28 Kudos and criticisms Plot A Plot B
29. 29 Good data viz is iterative and happens behind the scenes
30. 1 30 1 Good data viz is iterative and happens behind the scenes
31. 1 2 31 1 Good data viz is iterative and happens behind the scenes
32. 1 3 2 32 1 Good data viz is iterative and happens behind the scenes
33. 1 4 3 2 33 1 Good data viz is iterative and happens behind the scenes
34. 1 5 4 3 2 34 1 Good data viz is iterative and happens behind the scenes
35. 1 6 5 4 3 2 35 1 Good data viz is iterative and happens behind the scenes
36. 36 Truth Truth Truth @visualizevalue [2022-05-09]
37. “ 37 Do No Harm Guide - J. Schwabish and A. Feng | Institute • Use people-first language • Order labels and responses purposefully • Carefully consider colors, icons, and shapes ”
38. 38 We can’t teach you everything in 90 minutes, but we can give you the ‘why’ and tools you need to create a solid foundation to build from.
39. Critiquing Viz 39
40. 40 Amy Esselman - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers 0101
41. 41 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers
42. 42 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers
43. Where to get started? 43
45. 45 OHA Data Visualization Cheatsheet
46. 46 Financial Times Visual Vocabulary
47. 47 OHA Data Visualization Cheatsheet
48. 48 What Questions to Ask When Creating Charts - Lisa Charlotte Muth
49. 49 OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
50. 50 What are different ways we can encode color?
51. 51 OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
52. Data Wrapper 52 OHA Style Guide Do No Harm Guide Adobe Color colorbrewer viz-palette Click any box for a link to the resource Color Brewer Color Palettes
53. 53 Click any box for a link to the resource MS Palettes Excel Hacks Excel Data Viz Open Source Tools R & Rstudio Tableau Tutorials
54. Key Principles 54
55. 55 Show the Data Provide Context Be Intentional Rely on Visual Hierarchy 0101
56. Show the Data 56 0101
57. 57 Avoid Clutter - 1 OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
58. 58 Avoid Clutter - 2 OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
59. 59 Avoid Dual Axes OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
60. 60 Use Small Multiples OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
61. 61 Amy Esselman - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers Remake
62. Provide Context 62
63. 63 Convey Message/Context OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
64. 64 Appropriate Baseline OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
65. 65 Provide Reference OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
66. 66 Add Clarifying Details OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
67. 67 Subtle Annotations OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
68. 68 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers Remake
69. Be Intentional 69
70. 70 Intentional Ordering OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
71. 71 Intentional Color Use OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
72. 72 Clean Numbers OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
73. 73 Color-Blind Safe OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
74. 74 Integrate Legends OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
75. 75 Label What’s Important OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
76. 76 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers Remake
77. Rely on Visual Hierarchy 77
78. You will read this first 78 And then you will read this Then this one And you will read this last
79. 79 Typeface/Size/Weight/Color OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
80. 80 Typeface/Size/Weight/Color OHA Data Visualization Style Guide
81. 81 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers Remake
82. Transformation 82
83. 83 Amy Esselman - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers 0101 Show the Data
84. 84 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers Provide Context
85. 85 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers Be Intentional
86. 86 Elizabeth Rickets - Storytelling With Data/Makeovers Rely on Visual Hierarchy
87. Remake 87
88. 88 PEPFAR Annual Report to Congress 2022 Key Message? “PEPFAR has prioritized, and made significant progress toward, transitioning a substantial majority of our funding by agency to local partners”
89. 89 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes
90. 90 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes
91. 91 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes
92. 92 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes
93. 93 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes
94. 94 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes
95. 95 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes
96. 96 Sorted Colors Clutter Title Labels Axes Achieved 70% goal Short of 70% goal Local partner share of budget 70% goal
97. 97 “PEPFAR has prioritized, and made significant progress toward, transitioning a substantial majority of our funding by agency to local partners”
98. 98 Local partner share of budget IN FY21, RWANDA, SOUTH AFRICA, ETHIOPIA & UKRAINE ALLOCATED OVER 70% OF BUDGET TO LOCAL PARTNERS The remaining 24 operating units fell short of the 70% goal. Achieved 70% goal Short of 70% goal 70% goal “PEPFAR has prioritized, and made significant progress toward, transitioning a substantial majority of our funding by agency to local partners”
99. 99 IN FY21, 10 OPERATING UNITS ALLOCATED OVER 50% OF BUDGET TO LOCAL PARTNERS
100. Recapping our Bottom Line • Data visualization is not graphic design • Less is usually better, or if using a lot of data you MUST have visual hierarchy • Good data visualization takes time, lots of it • Need to be always guided by a central question 100
101. 101 Viva Magenta 18-1750 Color of the Year 2023 PANTONE COLOR Outfit abcdef ABCDEF 123456 Google Fonts TYPEFACE
102. 102 Notes and Attributions • Gestalt Principles - https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/gestalt-principles • 1.3.3 Gestalt rules from Kieran Healy's Data Visualization - https://socviz.co/lookatdata.html • DatasauRus Package - https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/datasauRus/vignettes/Datasaurus.html • What Questions to Ask When Creating Charts - https://blog.datawrapper.de/better-charts/ • How We’ve Learned Data Viz, and Why You May Want To Do It Differently - https://medium.com/nightingale/how-weve-learned-data-viz-and-why-you-may-want-to-do-it-differently-ec1267bd39b2 • PEPFAR Annual Report to Congress - https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/PEPFAR2022.pdf • Graphic design has rules, and they work … - https://twitter.com/MR_RO_BO_T/status/1533517961377587201 • #RotateTheDamnPlot - https://twitter.com/ikashnitsky/status/1521960898440613889?s=20&t=rxuGq6l-O8BMdYDG-zzw9A • bar charts and dot plots and line graphs, oh my! - https://www.storytellingwithdata.com/blog/bar-charts-and-dot-plots-and-line-graphs-oh-my • Examples from: Three Simple Flexible tools for Empowered Data Visualization - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W02ZlvulHSY • OHA Style Guide - https://issuu.com/achafetz/docs/oha_styleguide • Better Visualizations - Jon Schwabish • Covid response hampered by population data glitches - Oliver Barnes & John Burn-Murdoch - https://www.ft.com/content/125fbaf8-175a-4e2e-852a-9995ca5176b2