clojure.specの話

2016/07/29 Lisp meetup #42 の発表資料です。

Transcript

1. DMPKVSFTQFDͷ࿩ -JTQ
   NFFUVQ
   
   !BUIPT
2. ࣗݾ঺հ ‣ 5XJUUFS
   !BUIPT
   ‣ χϟϯύεגࣜձࣾॴଐ
   ‣ $MPKVSFίϯτϦϏϡʔλ
3. DMPKVSFTQFD ‣ ࣍ظϦϦʔεͰͷಋೖ͕ਐΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ৽ػೳ
   ‣ ੩తܕͰͳ͘ɺड़ޠͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤʹΑͬͯσʔλ ܕɾؔ਺ͷ࢓༷Λهड़͢Δ
   ‣ Ұ౓࢓༷ εϖοΫ Λॻ͚͹ҰཻͰԿ౓΋͓͍͍͠
    υΩϡϝϯςʔγϣϯ
    ܖ໿ϓϩάϥϛϯά
    ϓϩύςΟϕʔεςετ
    ϚΫϩͷߏจνΣοΫ
4. DMPKVSFTQFDͷ࢖͍ํ ‣ [org.clojure/clojure “1.9.0-alphaXX”] Λ
   :dependencies
   ʹ௥Ճ
   ‣ ࠷৽൛͸BMQIB
   ݱࡏ
   ‣ (require ‘[clojure.spec :as s])
5. όϦσʔλͱͯ͠ͷ
   DMPKVSFTQFD
6. ड़ޠ ‣ ड़ޠ CPPMΛฦؔ͢਺ ͸ͦͷ··ͰεϖοΫͱͯ͠ ࢖͑Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? 42)
7. ड़ޠ ‣ ड़ޠ CPPMΛฦؔ͢਺ ͸ͦͷ··ͰεϖοΫͱͯ͠ ࢖͑Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? 42) true user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”)
8. ड़ޠ ‣ ड़ޠ CPPMΛฦؔ͢਺ ͸ͦͷ··ͰεϖοΫͱͯ͠ ࢖͑Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? 42) true user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”) false user=>
9. WBMJE FYQMBJO ‣ valid?͸εϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢
   ‣ explain͸εϖοΫΛຬͨ͞ͳ͍ՕॴΛࢦఠ͢Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”) false user=> (s/explain integer? “foo”)
10. WBMJE FYQMBJO ‣ valid?͸εϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢
    ‣ explain͸εϖοΫΛຬͨ͞ͳ͍ՕॴΛࢦఠ͢Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”) false user=> (s/explain integer? “foo”) val: "foo" fails predicate: :clojure.spec/unknown nil user=> (s/explain integer? 42)
11. WBMJE FYQMBJO ‣ valid?͸εϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢
    ‣ explain͸εϖοΫΛຬͨ͞ͳ͍ՕॴΛࢦఠ͢Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”) false user=> (s/explain integer? “foo”) val: "foo" fails predicate: :clojure.spec/unknown nil user=> (s/explain integer? 42) Success! nil user=>
12. εϖοΫͷ߹੒ ‣ and΍orΛ࢖ͬͯෳ਺ͷεϖοΫΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤՄೳ user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 0) true user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 1) false
13. εϖοΫͷ߹੒ ‣ and΍orΛ࢖ͬͯෳ਺ͷεϖοΫΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤՄೳ user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 0) true user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 1) false user=> (s/valid? (s/or :int integer? :str string?) “foo”)
14. εϖοΫͷ߹੒ ‣ and΍orΛ࢖ͬͯෳ਺ͷεϖοΫΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤՄೳ user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 0) true user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 1) false user=> (s/valid? (s/or :int integer? :str string?) “foo”) true user=>
15. εϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ ‣ defͰεϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    ‣ εϖοΫࣗମΛ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ user=> (s/def ::answer-to-everything (fn [x] (= x 42)) :user/answer-to-everything user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 43)
16. εϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ ‣ defͰεϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    ‣ εϖοΫࣗମΛ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ user=> (s/def ::answer-to-everything (fn [x] (= x 42)) :user/answer-to-everything user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 43) false user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 42)
17. εϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ ‣ defͰεϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    ‣ εϖοΫࣗମΛ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ user=> (s/def ::answer-to-everything (fn [x] (= x 42)) :user/answer-to-everything user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 43) false user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 42) true user=>
18. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2 3])
19. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2 3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a])
20. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2 3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a]) false user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b 1})
21. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2 3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a]) false user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b 1}) true user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b “foo”})
22. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2 3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a]) false user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b 1}) true user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b “foo”}) false user=>
23. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ ΩʔʹΑͬͯ஋ͷܕ͕ҧ͏ϚοϓͷεϖοΫ΋ఆٛՄೳ user=> (s/def ::x integer?) :user/x user=> (s/def ::y string?) :user/y user=> (s/explain (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y 2})
24. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ ΩʔʹΑͬͯ஋ͷܕ͕ҧ͏ϚοϓͷεϖοΫ΋ఆٛՄೳ user=> (s/def ::x integer?) :user/x user=> (s/def ::y string?) :user/y user=> (s/explain (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y 2}) In: [:y] val: 2 fails spec: :user/y at: [:y] predicate: string? nil user=> (s/valid? (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y “foo”})
25. ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ ΩʔʹΑͬͯ஋ͷܕ͕ҧ͏ϚοϓͷεϖοΫ΋ఆٛՄೳ user=> (s/def ::x integer?) :user/x user=> (s/def ::y string?) :user/y user=> (s/explain (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y 2}) In: [:y] val: 2 fails spec: :user/y at: [:y] predicate: string? nil user=> (s/valid? (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y “foo”}) true user=>
26. %C$πʔϧͱͯ͠ͷ
    DMPKVSFTQFD
27. ؔ਺ͷεϖοΫ ‣ fizzbuzzؔ਺ͷεϖοΫ͸্ͷΑ͏ʹఆٛͰ͖Δ
    ‣ :args
    :ret͕ͦΕͧΕࣄલ৚݅ɾࣄޙ৚݅ʹରԠ (s/fdef fizzbuzz :args (s/cat :n (s/and integer? #(> % 0))) :ret (s/or :int integer? :key keyword?)) (defn fizzbuzz [n] (cond (= (mod n 15) 0) :fizzbuzz (= (mod n 5) 0) :buzz (= (mod n 3) 0) “fizz” ;;←όά :else n))
28. JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔ਺ʹҾ਺͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil user=> (t/instrument)
29. JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔ਺ʹҾ਺͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil user=> (t/instrument) [user/fizzbuzz] user=> (fizzbuzz 15)
30. JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔ਺ʹҾ਺͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil user=> (t/instrument) [user/fizzbuzz] user=> (fizzbuzz 15) “fizzbuzz” user=> (fizzbuzz “foo”)
31. JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔ਺ʹҾ਺͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil user=> (t/instrument) [user/fizzbuzz] user=> (fizzbuzz 15) “fizzbuzz” user=> (fizzbuzz “foo”) ExceptionInfo Call to #'user/fizzbuzz did not conform to spec: In: [0] val: "foo" fails at: [:args :n] predicate: integer? :clojure.spec/args ("foo") … user=>
32. DIFDL ‣ Ҿ਺ͷεϖοΫΛຬͨ͢஋Λࣗಈੜ੒ͯ͠ɺͦͷ஋Λؔ਺ʹ ౉ͨ݁͠Ռ͕໭Γ஋ͷεϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢νΣοΫ͢Δ user=> (t/check)
33. DIFDL ‣ Ҿ਺ͷεϖοΫΛຬͨ͢஋Λࣗಈੜ੒ͯ͠ɺͦͷ஋Λؔ਺ʹ ౉ͨ݁͠Ռ͕໭Γ஋ͷεϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢νΣοΫ͢Δ user=> (t/check) ({:spec … :clojure.spec.test.check/ret {:result #error {:cause "Specification-based check failed” :data {:clojure.spec/problems (… {:path [:ret :key], :pred keyword?, :val “fizz", :via [], :in [], :clojure.spec.test/args (3), :clojure.spec/failure :check-failed}…)} user=>
34. DIFDL ‣ Ҿ਺ͷεϖοΫΛຬͨ͢஋Λࣗಈੜ੒ͯ͠ɺͦͷ஋Λؔ਺ʹ ౉ͨ݁͠Ռ͕໭Γ஋ͷεϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢νΣοΫ͢Δ user=> (t/check) ({:spec … :clojure.spec.test.check/ret {:result #error {:cause "Specification-based check failed” :data {:clojure.spec/problems (… {:path [:ret :key], :pred keyword?, :val “fizz", :via [], :in [], :clojure.spec.test/args (3), :clojure.spec/failure :check-failed}…)} user=> Ͱݺͼग़ͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ
    ࣦഊ͢Δ͜ͱΛݕग़
    
    
    
    
35. ͕࣌ؒ͋Γͦ͏ͳΒ
    Ԡ༻ྫΛ঺հ
36. δΣωϨʔλͱͯ͠ͷ DMPKVSFTQFD
37. HFO ‣ εϖοΫ͔ΒUFTUDIFDL༻ͷδΣωϨʔλΛ࡞Δ
    ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢ϥϯμϜͳ஋Λੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ
    ‣ 3&1-Ͱαϯϓϧσʔλ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖ʹศར user=> (require ’[clojure.test.check.generators :as gen]) nil user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?)))
38. HFO ‣ εϖοΫ͔ΒUFTUDIFDL༻ͷδΣωϨʔλΛ࡞Δ
    ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢ϥϯμϜͳ஋Λੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ
    ‣ 3&1-Ͱαϯϓϧσʔλ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖ʹศར user=> (require ’[clojure.test.check.generators :as gen]) nil user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?))) [16719156 -26693 47] user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?)))
39. HFO ‣ εϖοΫ͔ΒUFTUDIFDL༻ͷδΣωϨʔλΛ࡞Δ
    ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢ϥϯμϜͳ஋Λੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ
    ‣ 3&1-Ͱαϯϓϧσʔλ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖ʹศར user=> (require ’[clojure.test.check.generators :as gen]) nil user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?))) [16719156 -26693 47] user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?))) [-158637744 -8 -461005 -238354 59127 -4365] user=>
40. HFOΛ࢖ͬͨϓϩύςΟϕʔεςετ ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢஋Λࣗಈੜ੒͠ɺ͢΂ͯͷ஋ʹର ͯ͠ੑ࣭͕੒Γཱ͔ͭͲ͏͔νΣοΫ͢Δ (ns fizzbuzz-test (:require [clojure.test.check.clojure-test :refer [defspec]] [clojure.test.check.properties :as prop] [clojure.spec :as s] [fizzbuzz :as fb])) (defspec fizzbuzz-prop (prop/for-all [n (s/gen (s/and integer? #(> % 0)))] (let [v (fb/fizzbuzz n)] (cond (= (mod n 3) 0) (contains? #{:fizz :fizzbuzz} v) (= (mod n 5) 0) (contains? #{:buzz :fizzbuzz} v) :else (= n v)))))
41. ςετ࣮ߦ݁Ռ $ lein test
42. ςετ࣮ߦ݁Ռ $ lein test lein test fizzbuzz-test {:result false, :seed 1469711295643, :failing-size 4, :num- tests 5, :fail [96], :shrunk {:total-nodes-visited 6, :depth 5, :result false, :smallest [3]}, :test-var "fizzbuzz-prop"} lein test :only fizzbuzz-test/fizzbuzz-prop FAIL in (fizzbuzz-prop) (clojure_test.cljc:21) expected: result actual: false Ran 1 tests containing 1 assertions. 1 failures, 0 errors. Tests failed. $
43. ύʔαͱͯ͠ͷ
    DMPKVSFTQFD
44. γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2 3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”))
45. γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2 3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i integer? :s string?) ’(1 “foo”))
46. γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2 3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i integer? :s string?) ’(1 “foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”))
47. γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2 3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i integer? :s string?) ’(1 “foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”)) true user=>
48. DPOGPSN ‣ εϖοΫʹ͕ͨͬͯ͠σʔλΛύʔε͢Δ
    ‣ ύʔεʹࣦഊͨ͠Β:clojure.spec/invalid͕ฦΔ user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”))
49. DPOGPSN ‣ εϖοΫʹ͕ͨͬͯ͠σʔλΛύʔε͢Δ
    ‣ ύʔεʹࣦഊͨ͠Β:clojure.spec/invalid͕ฦΔ user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”)) {:i* [1 2 3], :s* ["foo" "bar"]} user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 “foo” 3 “bar”))
50. DPOGPSN ‣ εϖοΫʹ͕ͨͬͯ͠σʔλΛύʔε͢Δ
    ‣ ύʔεʹࣦഊͨ͠Β:clojure.spec/invalid͕ฦΔ user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”)) {:i* [1 2 3], :s* ["foo" "bar"]} user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 “foo” 3 “bar”)) :clojure.spec/invalid user=>
51. ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ (ns zundoko (:require [clojure.spec :as s])) (s/def ::zun*4-doko (s/cat :1 ’#{ζϯ} :2 ’#{ζϯ} :3 ’#{ζϯ} :4 ’#{ζϯ} :5 ’#{υί})) (s/def ::has-no-zun*4-doko? (fn [xs] (every? #(not (s/valid? ::zun*4-doko %)) (partition 5 1 xs)))) (s/def ::zun-doko-kiyoshi (s/cat :preamble (s/& (s/* ’#{ζϯ υί}) ::has-no-zun*4-doko?) :zun*4-doko ::zun*4-doko :kiyoshi ’#{ΩϤγ}))
52. ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ user=> (s/conform ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ υί ΩϤγ))
53. ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ user=> (s/conform ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ υί ΩϤγ)) {:preamble [υί ζϯ υί], :zun*4-doko {:1 ζϯ, :2 ζϯ, :3 ζϯ, :4 ζϯ, :5 υί}, :kiyoshi ΩϤγ} user=> (s/explain ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ υί))
54. ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ user=> (s/conform ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ υί ΩϤγ)) {:preamble [υί ζϯ υί], :zun*4-doko {:1 ζϯ, :2 ζϯ, :3 ζϯ, :4 ζϯ, :5 υί}, :kiyoshi ΩϤγ} user=> (s/explain ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ υί)) val: () fails spec: :zundoko/zun-doko-kiyoshi predicate: (alt), Insufficient input nil user=>
55. ϚΫϩͷߏจղੳ (s/def ::binding (s/cat :name simple-symbol? :init any?)) (s/def ::bindings (s/and (s/* ::binding) vector?)) (s/def ::with-open (s/cat :bindings ::bindings :body (s/* any?)) (s/fdef with-open :args ::with-open :ret any?) user=> (s/conform ::with-open ’([in (open-file)] (slurp in))) {:bindings [{:name in, :init (open-file)}], :body [(slurp in)]} user=>
56. ϚΫϩͷߏจղੳ (defmacro with-open [bindings & body] (let [[binding & more] (s/conform ::bindings bindings)] (if-not binding `(do ~@body) `(let ~[(:name binding) (:init binding)] (try (with-open ~(vec (s/unform ::bindings more)) ~@body) (finally (.close ~(:name binding)))))))) user=> (with-open [x] (slurp x)) ;;←ϚΫϩͷ࢖͍ํΛޡΔ CompilerException java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Call to intro-to-spec.macros/with-open did not conform to spec: In: [0] val: () fails spec: :intro-to-spec.macros/bindings at: [:args :bindings :init] predicate: any?, Insufficient input :clojure.spec/args ([x] (slurp x)) , compiling:(*cider-repl intro-to-spec*:1476:22) user=>
57. ·ͱΊ ‣ DMPKVSFTQFD͸σʔλܕ΍ؔ਺ͷ࢓༷Λड़ޠͷ૊Έ ߹ΘͤͰهड़͢Δํ๏Λఏڙ͢Δ
    ‣ Ұ౓εϖοΫΛॻ͘ͱɺؔ਺ͷόϦσʔγϣϯ͚ͩ Ͱͳ͘ɺ3&1-Ͱͷ։ൃ࣌ͷαϯϓϧσʔλੜ੒΍ ςετɺϚΫϩͷύʔε౳͍Ζ͍Ζ࢖͑Δ
    ‣ $MPKVSFʹ͓͚Δ։ൃͷ࢓ํ͕େ͖͘มΘΔՄೳੑ ͷ͋Δػೳ
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