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clojure.specの話
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OHTA Shogo
July 29, 2016
Programming
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clojure.specの話
2016/07/29 Lisp meetup #42 の発表資料です。
OHTA Shogo
July 29, 2016
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Transcript
DMPKVSFTQFDͷ -JTQNFFUVQ !BUIPT
ࣗݾհ ‣ 5XJUUFS!BUIPT ‣ χϟϯύεגࣜձࣾॴଐ ‣ $MPKVSFίϯτϦϏϡʔλ
DMPKVSFTQFD ‣ ࣍ظϦϦʔεͰͷಋೖ͕ਐΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ৽ػೳ ‣ ੩తܕͰͳ͘ɺड़ޠͷΈ߹ΘͤʹΑͬͯσʔλ ܕɾؔͷ༷Λهड़͢Δ ‣ Ұ༷ εϖοΫ Λॻ͚ҰཻͰԿ͓͍͍͠
υΩϡϝϯςʔγϣϯ ܖϓϩάϥϛϯά ϓϩύςΟϕʔεςετ ϚΫϩͷߏจνΣοΫ
DMPKVSFTQFDͷ͍ํ ‣ [org.clojure/clojure “1.9.0-alphaXX”] Λ:dependenciesʹՃ ‣ ࠷৽൛BMQIB ݱࡏ ‣
(require ‘[clojure.spec :as s])
όϦσʔλͱͯ͠ͷ DMPKVSFTQFD
ड़ޠ ‣ ड़ޠ CPPMΛฦؔ͢ ͦͷ··ͰεϖοΫͱͯ͠ ͑Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? 42)
ड़ޠ ‣ ड़ޠ CPPMΛฦؔ͢ ͦͷ··ͰεϖοΫͱͯ͠ ͑Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? 42)
true user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”)
ड़ޠ ‣ ड़ޠ CPPMΛฦؔ͢ ͦͷ··ͰεϖοΫͱͯ͠ ͑Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? 42)
true user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”) false user=>
WBMJE FYQMBJO ‣ valid?εϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ ‣ explainεϖοΫΛຬͨ͞ͳ͍ՕॴΛࢦఠ͢Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”)
false user=> (s/explain integer? “foo”)
WBMJE FYQMBJO ‣ valid?εϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ ‣ explainεϖοΫΛຬͨ͞ͳ͍ՕॴΛࢦఠ͢Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”)
false user=> (s/explain integer? “foo”) val: "foo" fails predicate: :clojure.spec/unknown nil user=> (s/explain integer? 42)
WBMJE FYQMBJO ‣ valid?εϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ ‣ explainεϖοΫΛຬͨ͞ͳ͍ՕॴΛࢦఠ͢Δ user=> (s/valid? integer? “foo”)
false user=> (s/explain integer? “foo”) val: "foo" fails predicate: :clojure.spec/unknown nil user=> (s/explain integer? 42) Success! nil user=>
εϖοΫͷ߹ ‣ andorΛͬͯෳͷεϖοΫΛΈ߹ΘͤՄೳ user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 0) true
user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 1) false
εϖοΫͷ߹ ‣ andorΛͬͯෳͷεϖοΫΛΈ߹ΘͤՄೳ user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 0) true
user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 1) false user=> (s/valid? (s/or :int integer? :str string?) “foo”)
εϖοΫͷ߹ ‣ andorΛͬͯෳͷεϖοΫΛΈ߹ΘͤՄೳ user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 0) true
user=> (s/valid? (s/and integer? even?) 1) false user=> (s/valid? (s/or :int integer? :str string?) “foo”) true user=>
εϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ ‣ defͰεϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ ‣ εϖοΫࣗମΛ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ user=> (s/def ::answer-to-everything (fn [x]
(= x 42)) :user/answer-to-everything user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 43)
εϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ ‣ defͰεϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ ‣ εϖοΫࣗମΛ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ user=> (s/def ::answer-to-everything (fn [x]
(= x 42)) :user/answer-to-everything user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 43) false user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 42)
εϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ ‣ defͰεϖοΫʹ໊લΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ ‣ εϖοΫࣗମΛ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ user=> (s/def ::answer-to-everything (fn [x]
(= x 42)) :user/answer-to-everything user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 43) false user=> (s/valid? ::answer-to-everything 42) true user=>
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2
3])
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2
3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a])
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2
3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a]) false user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b 1})
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2
3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a]) false user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b 1}) true user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b “foo”})
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ coll-ofmap-ofͰίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉ͕εϖοΫ Λຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔νΣοΫͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 2
3]) true user=> (s/valid? (s/coll-of integer?) [1 :a]) false user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b 1}) true user=> (s/valid? (s/map-of keyword? integer?) {:a 0, :b “foo”}) false user=>
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ ΩʔʹΑͬͯͷܕ͕ҧ͏ϚοϓͷεϖοΫఆٛՄೳ user=> (s/def ::x integer?) :user/x user=> (s/def
::y string?) :user/y user=> (s/explain (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y 2})
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ ΩʔʹΑͬͯͷܕ͕ҧ͏ϚοϓͷεϖοΫఆٛՄೳ user=> (s/def ::x integer?) :user/x user=> (s/def
::y string?) :user/y user=> (s/explain (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y 2}) In: [:y] val: 2 fails spec: :user/y at: [:y] predicate: string? nil user=> (s/valid? (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y “foo”})
ίϨΫγϣϯͷεϖοΫ ‣ ΩʔʹΑͬͯͷܕ͕ҧ͏ϚοϓͷεϖοΫఆٛՄೳ user=> (s/def ::x integer?) :user/x user=> (s/def
::y string?) :user/y user=> (s/explain (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y 2}) In: [:y] val: 2 fails spec: :user/y at: [:y] predicate: string? nil user=> (s/valid? (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]) {:x 1, :y “foo”}) true user=>
%C$πʔϧͱͯ͠ͷ DMPKVSFTQFD
ؔͷεϖοΫ ‣ fizzbuzzؔͷεϖοΫ্ͷΑ͏ʹఆٛͰ͖Δ ‣ :args :ret͕ͦΕͧΕࣄલ݅ɾࣄޙ݅ʹରԠ (s/fdef fizzbuzz :args (s/cat
:n (s/and integer? #(> % 0))) :ret (s/or :int integer? :key keyword?)) (defn fizzbuzz [n] (cond (= (mod n 15) 0) :fizzbuzz (= (mod n 5) 0) :buzz (= (mod n 3) 0) “fizz” ;;←όά :else n))
JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔʹҾ͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil
user=> (t/instrument)
JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔʹҾ͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil
user=> (t/instrument) [user/fizzbuzz] user=> (fizzbuzz 15)
JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔʹҾ͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil
user=> (t/instrument) [user/fizzbuzz] user=> (fizzbuzz 15) “fizzbuzz” user=> (fizzbuzz “foo”)
JOTUSVNFOU ‣ ؔʹҾ͕εϖοΫΛຬ͍ͨͯ͠Δ͔ͷνΣοΫ ΛΦϯɾΦϑͰ͖Δ user=> (require ’[clojure.spec.test :as t]) nil
user=> (t/instrument) [user/fizzbuzz] user=> (fizzbuzz 15) “fizzbuzz” user=> (fizzbuzz “foo”) ExceptionInfo Call to #'user/fizzbuzz did not conform to spec: In: [0] val: "foo" fails at: [:args :n] predicate: integer? :clojure.spec/args ("foo") … user=>
DIFDL ‣ ҾͷεϖοΫΛຬͨ͢Λࣗಈੜͯ͠ɺͦͷΛؔʹ ͨ݁͠Ռ͕ΓͷεϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢νΣοΫ͢Δ user=> (t/check)
DIFDL ‣ ҾͷεϖοΫΛຬͨ͢Λࣗಈੜͯ͠ɺͦͷΛؔʹ ͨ݁͠Ռ͕ΓͷεϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢νΣοΫ͢Δ user=> (t/check) ({:spec … :clojure.spec.test.check/ret {:result
#error {:cause "Specification-based check failed” :data {:clojure.spec/problems (… {:path [:ret :key], :pred keyword?, :val “fizz", :via [], :in [], :clojure.spec.test/args (3), :clojure.spec/failure :check-failed}…)} user=>
DIFDL ‣ ҾͷεϖοΫΛຬͨ͢Λࣗಈੜͯ͠ɺͦͷΛؔʹ ͨ݁͠Ռ͕ΓͷεϖοΫΛຬ͔ͨ͢νΣοΫ͢Δ user=> (t/check) ({:spec … :clojure.spec.test.check/ret {:result
#error {:cause "Specification-based check failed” :data {:clojure.spec/problems (… {:path [:ret :key], :pred keyword?, :val “fizz", :via [], :in [], :clojure.spec.test/args (3), :clojure.spec/failure :check-failed}…)} user=> Ͱݺͼग़ͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ ࣦഊ͢Δ͜ͱΛݕग़
͕࣌ؒ͋Γͦ͏ͳΒ Ԡ༻ྫΛհ
δΣωϨʔλͱͯ͠ͷ DMPKVSFTQFD
HFO ‣ εϖοΫ͔ΒUFTUDIFDL༻ͷδΣωϨʔλΛ࡞Δ ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢ϥϯμϜͳΛੜͰ͖Δ ‣ 3&1-Ͱαϯϓϧσʔλ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖ʹศར user=> (require ’[clojure.test.check.generators
:as gen]) nil user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?)))
HFO ‣ εϖοΫ͔ΒUFTUDIFDL༻ͷδΣωϨʔλΛ࡞Δ ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢ϥϯμϜͳΛੜͰ͖Δ ‣ 3&1-Ͱαϯϓϧσʔλ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖ʹศར user=> (require ’[clojure.test.check.generators
:as gen]) nil user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?))) [16719156 -26693 47] user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?)))
HFO ‣ εϖοΫ͔ΒUFTUDIFDL༻ͷδΣωϨʔλΛ࡞Δ ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢ϥϯμϜͳΛੜͰ͖Δ ‣ 3&1-Ͱαϯϓϧσʔλ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖ʹศར user=> (require ’[clojure.test.check.generators
:as gen]) nil user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?))) [16719156 -26693 47] user=> (gen/generate (s/gen (s/coll-of integer?))) [-158637744 -8 -461005 -238354 59127 -4365] user=>
HFOΛͬͨϓϩύςΟϕʔεςετ ‣ εϖοΫΛຬͨ͢Λࣗಈੜ͠ɺͯ͢ͷʹର ͯ͠ੑ࣭͕Γཱ͔ͭͲ͏͔νΣοΫ͢Δ (ns fizzbuzz-test (:require [clojure.test.check.clojure-test :refer [defspec]]
[clojure.test.check.properties :as prop] [clojure.spec :as s] [fizzbuzz :as fb])) (defspec fizzbuzz-prop (prop/for-all [n (s/gen (s/and integer? #(> % 0)))] (let [v (fb/fizzbuzz n)] (cond (= (mod n 3) 0) (contains? #{:fizz :fizzbuzz} v) (= (mod n 5) 0) (contains? #{:buzz :fizzbuzz} v) :else (= n v)))))
ςετ࣮ߦ݁Ռ $ lein test
ςετ࣮ߦ݁Ռ $ lein test lein test fizzbuzz-test {:result false, :seed
1469711295643, :failing-size 4, :num- tests 5, :fail [96], :shrunk {:total-nodes-visited 6, :depth 5, :result false, :smallest [3]}, :test-var "fizzbuzz-prop"} lein test :only fizzbuzz-test/fizzbuzz-prop FAIL in (fizzbuzz-prop) (clojure_test.cljc:21) expected: result actual: false Ran 1 tests containing 1 assertions. 1 failures, 0 errors. Tests failed. $
ύʔαͱͯ͠ͷ DMPKVSFTQFD
γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2
3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”))
γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2
3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i integer? :s string?) ’(1 “foo”))
γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2
3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i integer? :s string?) ’(1 “foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”))
γʔέϯεͷεϖοΫ SFHFY ‣ SFHFYͰཁૉͷฒͼʹରͯ͠εϖοΫΛఆٛͰ͖Δ user=> (s/valid? (s/* integer?) ’(1 2
3)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/alt :i integer? :s string?) ’(“foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i integer? :s string?) ’(1 “foo”)) true user=> (s/valid? (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”)) true user=>
DPOGPSN ‣ εϖοΫʹ͕ͨͬͯ͠σʔλΛύʔε͢Δ ‣ ύʔεʹࣦഊͨ͠Β:clojure.spec/invalid͕ฦΔ user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/*
integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”))
DPOGPSN ‣ εϖοΫʹ͕ͨͬͯ͠σʔλΛύʔε͢Δ ‣ ύʔεʹࣦഊͨ͠Β:clojure.spec/invalid͕ฦΔ user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/*
integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”)) {:i* [1 2 3], :s* ["foo" "bar"]} user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 “foo” 3 “bar”))
DPOGPSN ‣ εϖοΫʹ͕ͨͬͯ͠σʔλΛύʔε͢Δ ‣ ύʔεʹࣦഊͨ͠Β:clojure.spec/invalid͕ฦΔ user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/*
integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 3 “foo” “bar”)) {:i* [1 2 3], :s* ["foo" "bar"]} user=> (s/conform (s/cat :i* (s/* integer?) :s* (s/* string?)) ’(1 2 “foo” 3 “bar”)) :clojure.spec/invalid user=>
ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ (ns zundoko (:require [clojure.spec :as s])) (s/def ::zun*4-doko (s/cat
:1 ’#{ζϯ} :2 ’#{ζϯ} :3 ’#{ζϯ} :4 ’#{ζϯ} :5 ’#{υί})) (s/def ::has-no-zun*4-doko? (fn [xs] (every? #(not (s/valid? ::zun*4-doko %)) (partition 5 1 xs)))) (s/def ::zun-doko-kiyoshi (s/cat :preamble (s/& (s/* ’#{ζϯ υί}) ::has-no-zun*4-doko?) :zun*4-doko ::zun*4-doko :kiyoshi ’#{ΩϤγ}))
ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ user=> (s/conform ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ
ζϯ υί ΩϤγ))
ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ user=> (s/conform ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ
ζϯ υί ΩϤγ)) {:preamble [υί ζϯ υί], :zun*4-doko {:1 ζϯ, :2 ζϯ, :3 ζϯ, :4 ζϯ, :5 υί}, :kiyoshi ΩϤγ} user=> (s/explain ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ υί))
ζϯυίΩϤγͷεϖοΫ user=> (s/conform ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ
ζϯ υί ΩϤγ)) {:preamble [υί ζϯ υί], :zun*4-doko {:1 ζϯ, :2 ζϯ, :3 ζϯ, :4 ζϯ, :5 υί}, :kiyoshi ΩϤγ} user=> (s/explain ::zun-doko-kiyoshi ’(υί ζϯ υί ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ ζϯ υί)) val: () fails spec: :zundoko/zun-doko-kiyoshi predicate: (alt), Insufficient input nil user=>
ϚΫϩͷߏจղੳ (s/def ::binding (s/cat :name simple-symbol? :init any?)) (s/def ::bindings
(s/and (s/* ::binding) vector?)) (s/def ::with-open (s/cat :bindings ::bindings :body (s/* any?)) (s/fdef with-open :args ::with-open :ret any?) user=> (s/conform ::with-open ’([in (open-file)] (slurp in))) {:bindings [{:name in, :init (open-file)}], :body [(slurp in)]} user=>
ϚΫϩͷߏจղੳ (defmacro with-open [bindings & body] (let [[binding & more]
(s/conform ::bindings bindings)] (if-not binding `(do ~@body) `(let ~[(:name binding) (:init binding)] (try (with-open ~(vec (s/unform ::bindings more)) ~@body) (finally (.close ~(:name binding)))))))) user=> (with-open [x] (slurp x)) ;;←ϚΫϩͷ͍ํΛޡΔ CompilerException java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Call to intro-to-spec.macros/with-open did not conform to spec: In: [0] val: () fails spec: :intro-to-spec.macros/bindings at: [:args :bindings :init] predicate: any?, Insufficient input :clojure.spec/args ([x] (slurp x)) , compiling:(*cider-repl intro-to-spec*:1476:22) user=>
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