Design Thinking: Ideas to Implementation

@BERMONPAINTER DESIGN THINKING: IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION
ELON UNIVERSITY
DESIGN THINKING:
IDEAS TO
IMPLEMENTATION

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THE FUNDAMENTALS
OF DESIGN THINKING

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DESIGN THINKING: IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION
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Based on User-Centered
Design Principles
The process we go through to create a product, service, or platform based on the perspective of
how it will be understood and used by the human user. This user-centered approach helps to
create a system aimed at supporting the users needs, goals, and behaviors while improving
business drivers like increased loyalty, increased sales, increased conversions, etc.

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Accessible
Valuable
Credible
Usable Findable
Desirable Useful

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Most people make the mistake of thinking design is what it looks
like. People think it’s this veneer—that the designers are handed this
box and told, ‘Make it look good!’
That’s not what we think design is. It’s not just what it looks like and
feels like. Design is how it works.
– Steve Jobs
“
“

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What Exactly Is Design Thinking?
A set of methodologies and approaches based on user-centered design principles to create a
system for solving problems. We leverage design thinking to enhance the experiences people
have when they interact with a product, service, or platform. The outcomes of using these new
systems should create an experience that is accessible, credible, usable, findable, desirable,
useful, and at its core, valuable.

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Define
Ideate
Prototype
Test
Empathize

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The Value Drivers
of Design Thinking
Emphasize Business Strategy
(increase satisfaction, increase loyalty, increase conversion, etc)
Foster Constructive Divergence
Evaluate Value by Usefulness
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TEAM CHARTER

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@BERMONPAINTER #FEDC19
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https://designabetterbusiness.com/2017/08/24/team-charter-canvas/

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What Problem Will You Solve Today?
Fold a Sheet of Paper in Half 3 Times Draw or Write Down Eight Ideas
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What Challenge Will You Solve Today?
OPPORTUNITY STATEMENT
Define the challenge your team will be
focusing on. Having a clearly defined
problem statement will keep the team on
track throughout the session. Keep your
challenge simple but make it broad enough
to that you can reframe as an opportunity.
We’ll leverage this opportunity later as we
ideate and prototype a solution.
40% of our guests are missing
their connecting flights.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Ensure that all of our guests
catch their connecting flights.

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EMPATHIZE
BRING CLARITY AND FOCUS ON
USER CHALLENGES/NEEDS

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Overview
Empathize is primarily a research phase. It helps us focus on actual user problems/challenges. It
gives us a change to learn from business stakeholders, the technical environment, and users,
then clearly define the problems we are going to attempt to solve.
Research helps us gain understanding and insight into the challenges people have when
interacting with various systems. We can leverage the insight gained to help us empathize with
their challenges and attempt to enhance and improve their experience.

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Methods
User Interviews
Talking with users to gain deeper
insights on pain points, needs,
desires, and goals.
Competitive Analysis
Primary and secondary research to
provide a holistic understanding of
how users engage with competitors.
Heuristic Analysis
Assess an experience across
multiple challenges to better
understand interaction patterns,
features, overall experience.
Stakeholder Interviews
Talking with stakeholders to gain
deeper insights on pain points,
vision, constraints and strategy.
Content Audit
Collect and assess the quality of the
content a user is likely to interact
with.
Ethnographic Research
Observe users’ behaviors as they
happen in real life over long periods
of time.
Contextual Inquiry
happen in the context of leveraging
the system you’re testing.
Surveying
Gather data from quantitative
surveys that reach a broad audience
and provide equally bright insights.

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Guidelines
Identify the necessary leadership, subject matter experts, and other stakeholders that
should be interviewed
Prepare the interview protocols and questions
Interview stakeholders in groups or individually. Take notes.
Synthesize your research.
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Points To Remember:
Introduce the purpose of the interview
Keep it under an hour
Don’t get stuck on the question
When possible, consider using two interviewers
End each interview by summarizing your key points
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Overview
In many cases we’re working on an initiative for a
company or part of a large team. For the initiative
to be successful we will need support from a larger
group of teams and leadership. We refer to them a
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to take into consideration before starting an initiative.
To gather context we hold stakeholder interviews.
We also use these interviews to share our vision with
them to garner support and generate enthusiasm.
Guidelines
1. Work with the team and necessary leadership
to identify which stakeholders will be closely
involved or just need to be informed of the
initiatives progress. This includes teams that.
may be impacted by any new ideas that need
to be implemented or changes to an existing
product or service.
2. Prepare the interview protocols that group your
questions logically to allow a natural conversation
with the stakeholder.
3. Interview stakeholders in groups or individuals &
take notes
4. Once you complete your stakeholder interviews
you can synthesize the research.
A few points to keep in mind:
• Introduce the initiative and the purpose of
Example Questions
Getting Background
• Tell me about your role as it related to [initiative]?
• Tell me a bit about the work that you do in the
organization?
• What’s the purpose of the [initiative]?
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• We else should we talk to about the [initiative]?
• What kind of involvement should they have?
• Who provides approvals?
• Who’s the primary point of contact?
Goals
• What are your short term business goals as they
relate to [initiative]? And your long term business
goals?
• +RZGR\RXSHUVRQDOO\GHȴQHVXFFHVVIRUWKH
[initiative]?
• What’s one thing we need to do right to make sure
the [initiative] is a success?
• What’s one thing you’re afraid that we won’t get
right? Why do you believe it puts the [initiative at
risk]?
• Assuming we can mitigate the risks you
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success]?
Timelines
• When should the [initiative] be completed? Is the
Use Cases
• What pain points have you noticed with the
[initiative]?
• ΖQ\RXURSLQLRQZKDWLQIRUPDWLRQLVWKHPRVW
important to be included for the [initiative]?
• :KDWNLQGRILQIRUPDWLRQIHDWXUHVRUIXQFWLRQDOLW\
should exist but isn’t there now?
• What would make people continue using the
[initiative]?
• Are there any special use cases that need to be
accounted for?
Design/Brand (optional)
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[initiative]?
• What makes you stand out from any competitors or
competing initiatives?
• What’s the intangible element that’s being sold?
• How do people currently perceive the brand?>
• How should they perceive the brand?
• Why should people care about the [initiative]?
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• What technologies should the [initiative] take
advantage of?
• [If this is a digital initiative] Where should the
[initiative] be hosted? What are the current domain
names? Are any others required?
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Stakeholder Interview Synthesis
Overview
Once you’ve completed your stakeholder interviews, consolidate the data you’ve collected using the template below. As you go through your notes, you’re looking for the frequency in which
statements are similar, unique points of view, and areas where there may be large gaps in understanding, goals, or expectations from the stakeholder groups.
Goals & Expectations
What are recurring goals that came out
of your stakeholder interviews? Are there
outliers or misalignment in the data?
Outliers or Gaps Outliers or Gaps Outliers or Gaps Outliers or Gaps
Quotes Quotes Quotes Quotes
Consistent Findings Consistent Findings Consistent Findings Consistent Findings
Use Cases
What are some of the most common use
cases that came from the interviews?
Target Users
Who are the target users that your project
should be aimed at?
Timelines
When does this project need to
be completed?
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Methods
User Interviews
desires, and goals.
Heuristic Analysis
Content Audit
with.
of time.
Contextual Inquiry
Surveying

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Guidelines
Draft your interview protocol that includes your prepared questions
Determine the types of people you’d like to interview and then recruit them
Interview the participants and take detailed notes
Ask open questions such as ”why”, and avoid leading questions
Organize and synthesize your notes
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Points To Remember:
Introduce the purpose of the interview
Try to keep the interview under an hour
Don’t get stuck on a specific question
When possible, consider having two interviewers
End each interview by summarizing your key points.
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User Interviews
Overview
We are designing for people that typically aren’t
ourselves. This means that to deeply understand
the challenges, needs, and pain points, they face we
need to understand their thoughts, emotions, and
motivations that are hard to capture through any
other form of research.
User interviews provide one way to gather this
information.
Guidelines
1. Prepare for the interview by drafting a protocol.
The protocol should include your prepared
questions and tasks if you’re gathering feedback
on an existing product or service. Group
questions and tasks logically to allow a natural
conversation with the individual
2. Determine what type of people you’d like to
interview and go recruit them.
3. Interview each person and take detailed notes.
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4. During the interview, ask open questions such as
”why”, and avoid leading questions. Encourage
stories and look for inconsistencies. Pay close
attention to non-verbal clues
5. Organize and log your notes for later synthesis
A few points to keep in mind:
• Introduce the initiative and the purpose of
Example Questions
Getting Background
• Tell me about yourself?
• What does your typical weekday look like as it
related to [initiative]?
• What apps and website do you use the most?
• Tell me about your role at your company?
Topical Questions
Adjust as you need depending on what type of
information you’re attempting to gather.
• What’s your relationship like with [topic area]?
• How do you currently handle things like [tasks]?
• How much time do you typically spend on [task]?
• What products have you tried out related to [task]?
• Have you paid for any of these products?
• How did you hear about them?
• What do you like about these products? Dislike?
• Are you looking for an alternative?
Pain Points
• Tell me about the last time you tried to [task]?
• What was the biggest pain point related to [task]?
• Why do you keep doing [task]? What about [task]
makes it important to you?
• What’s the hardest part about [task]?
• What types of workarounds have you created to help
you overcome the pain points?
• What do you do to make [task] easier?
Initiative
• Tell me what you think about [initiative]?
• Why do you think someone would use [initiative]?
• In what ways do you think [initiative] will help
overcome some of the pain points you mentioned
earlier?
• What might cause people to avoid using [initiative]?
• What could be done to improve [initiative]?
• Does [initiative] remind you of any other products
you’ve tried?
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User Interview Synthesis
Overview
Once you’ve completed your user interviews, consolidate the data you’ve collected using the template below. As you go through your notes, you’re looking for the frequency in which
statements are similar, unique points of view, and areas where there may be large gaps in understanding, goals, or expectations from the user groups. As you collect more data you will want
to begin to create personas, empathy maps, and journey maps to provide a detailed view into the various architypes that come our of your interview data.
Goals & Expectations
What are recurring goals that came out
of your interviews? Are there outliers or
misalignment in the data?
Outliers or Gaps Outliers or Gaps Outliers or Gaps Outliers or Gaps
Consistent Findings Consistent Findings Consistent Findings Consistent Findings
Use Cases
What are some of the most common use
cases that came from the interviews?
Problems and Pain Points
What consistent problems and pain points
were you able to identify?
Motivations
What would motivate a user to engage
with and use what you’re creating from
your project?
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Methods
User Interviews
desires, and goals.
Heuristic Analysis
Content Audit
with.
of time.
Contextual Inquiry
Surveying

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Guidelines
Identify any similar products, services or experiences that offer similar ideas
Select a set of criteria to compare against
Review each competitors according to your criteria
Combine the analysis of competitor and compare
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Overview
We can learn from other products and services in
the market. A Competitive Analysis allows us to
study competing solutions and identify industry best
practices, potential gaps, and advantages in relation
to the idea or problem you’re solving. A Comparative
Analysis expands the horizon to look at other products
and services with similar processes or use patterns we
may want to gain more insight around.
Guidelines
1. Identify direct competition for competitive
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similar ideas for comparative analysis
2. Select a set of criteria. It can be a set of features
(e.g., allows user to check inventory before
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navigation bar)
3. Review each competitive product or service and
document each according to the analysis criteria.
It may be helpful to use a ranking criteria of poor
= 1, average = 2, excellent = 3 to easily compare
your results.
4. Combine the analysis of each competitor and
compare. It’s recommended to use a spreadsheet
to easilt capture and calculate totals by
competitor.
Competitor Name
Criteria #1 Criteria #2 Criteria #3 Criteria #4 Criteria #5
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Methods
User Interviews
desires, and goals.
Heuristic Analysis
Content Audit
with.
of time.
Contextual Inquiry
Surveying

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Guidelines
Draft your inquiry protocol
Spend time where people would interact with your defined product, service or
experience
Observe and talk with the inquiry participant while walking through your defined tasks
as they play out in context
Interpret the data you’ve collected, synthesize and consolidate your findings
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Contextual Inquiry
Overview
This document describes the plan for conducting a contextual inquiry for a website, application or other types of products or services. The
goals of contextual inquiries help determine initial benchmarks around how intuitive an experience is, validate any performance criteria,
and identifying areas in order to improve the the overall user experience.
Objectives:
Uncover problems with usability from navigation errors, unclear content, ambiguous labels, and overly complex user journeys. Typically, an
initial contextual inquiry will help us establish a baseline around performance perameters and user satisfaction that will be used to measure
improvements in future evaluations.
Add your own objectives:
Procedure
Participants will take part in the contextual inquiry at _________________________________________ in __________________________. A
____________________ with the ________________________________ will be used in a _________________________________. The participant’s interactions
location name
location setting
city device (computer, tablet)
website | application
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Resources

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DEFINE
SYNTHESIZE YOUR RESEARCH

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Overview
The define phase allows us a moment to fully synthesize all of our learnings gained from our
research findings (primary/secondary, qual/quant) to develop a deeper understanding of our
users, the problems they face, and where we should focus our efforts as we look to solve their
most important challenges.
From our research we’re able to gain substantial insight and then define a unique point of view.
We can leverage the point of view to determine what needs and expectations aren’t yet being
met. These new insights allow us to look for innovative solutions as we ideate.

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Methods
5 Whys
Identify the root cause behind users
problems/challenges through asking
successive “whys”.
Personas
Create a composite characteristic
profile that focuses our attention on
relevant and important user groups.
Journey Map
Break down important steps of the
users journey that includes what
they’re thinking, feeling, and doing
for each step of their journey.
Empathy Map
Identify users’ needs and insights by
grouping information and notes
from user interviews.
Value Prop Canvas
Framework to help ensure that a
product or service is positioned
around what the user values and
needs
Business Model Canvas
Framework that helps document
new or existing business models
while defining the value proposition.

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Guidelines
Before starting your personas, make sure your research is complete
Identify commonalities commonalities that can be consolidated into one or more
persona
Give your persona a name and refer back to this persona and their characteristics
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Personas
Overview
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Guidelines
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Bio & Demographic Information
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Photo or illustration
of your persona
Tasks
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Feelings
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Goals
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Methods
5 Whys
Personas
Journey Map
Empathy Map
Value Prop Canvas
needs

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Guidelines
Review any interview notes, audio or video recordings from your interviews
Consolidate and categorize the data from your research
Identify the needs of the people you interviewed
Identify insights by noting and analyzing tensions and contradictions in user behavior,
and asking yourself ”why”?
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Empathy Map
Overview
During the empathize phase, we make a large number
of observations during our research with users and
stakeholders. To generate meaningful and actionable
insights, we need to group observations into logical
categories. One way to synthesize some of this
research is to create an empathy map. An empathy
map helps us break down research into the categories
of what our users think, feel, do, and say. You’ll also
want to identify their pain points and needs.
Guidelines
1. Review any interview notes, audio or video
recordings
2. Begin to consolidate and categorize data from
your research into 6 areas: thinking, hearing,
saying, seeing, fearing, and hoping
3. As you consolidate your data by answering the
previous questions, Identify the users’ “needs”
using sentences that start with a verb. Note
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direct observation of one or multiple traits (e.g.,
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observation between two traits (e.g., what the
user says and what he/she does)
4. Identify insights by noting and analyzing tensions
and contradictions in user behavior, and asking
yourself ”why”?
The empathy map will be a good starting point for us
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Thinking
What seemed to matter
to them during your
interviews? What occupied
their thinking?
Saying
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say during your interview
related to [initiative]?
Hearing
What are they hearing
others say? It could be from
friends, colleagues, family or
from second-hand sources.
Fearing
What challenges, frustrations or fears are they facing?
Doing
What do they do today as
it related to [initiative]?
What do they need to do
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Hoping
What are their hopes and desires as they relate to
[initiative]?
Needs
Overall, what are their actual needs?
Observations
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Methods
5 Whys
Personas
Journey Map
Empathy Map
Value Prop Canvas
needs

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Guidelines
Determine what journey is most relevant to the problem you want to solve
Leverage any research findings, your personas and empathy maps
Break the journey map down using the provided template
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Journey Map
Overview
A core user experience practice is to create a journey
map once you’ve completed one or more personas.
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Guidelines
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to your problem
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STAGES
DOING (TOUCHPOINTS)
THINKING
FEELING
ING
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Resources

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IDEATE
BE CREATIVE AND DON’T CONSTRAIN
YOUR IDEAS TOO EARLY

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Overview
Once we have a strong foundation based on empathy and we’ve defined out understanding of
the problem space, we use the data collected so far to inform our imaginations as we ideate
around potential solutions.

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Methods
Crazy 8’s
Quick generate ideas in an
extremely short amount of time and
select the best ideas democratically.
Affinity Mapping
Quick way to take a large number of
ideas and then organize and
prioritize them in logical categories.
Brainstorming
Generate related. Ideas from a
central idea, typically starting with a
problem statement, point of view,
and desired outcomes.
Card Sorting
Clarify and define meaningful
categorization of content with the
help of the users.
Priority Matrix
Identify various features that make
up a solution and prioritize them
based on value and complexity.
Mealtime
based on veggies, meats, and
desserts.

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Guidelines
Take a sheet piece of paper (or you can use 8 index cards or sticky notes)
Fold the paper in half three times. When you unfold the paper you should have 8 areas
to jot ideas down in
Every 30 seconds, write down or sketch one idea per box until the time is up
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Crazy 8’s
Overview
A ideation method to quickly generate ideas by
yourself or with a large group in an extremely short
amount of time.
Guidelines
1. Each participant gets something to write with and
a piece of paper. Letter size is preferred or you
can use index cards or sticky notes
2. If you use a piece of paper, each person will take
their paper and fold in half three times. When
they unfold their paper they should end up with 8
boxes. If you use index cards or stickly notes give
each person 8.
3. Start a timer for 30 seconds
4. Each person will write down or sketch one idea
on each box, index card or sticky note every
30 seconds until their out of ideas or they’ve
completed eight.
5. Step 5 will depend on if you’re doing this alone,
or with a group.
• If you’ve done this by yourself, choose 2-3
ideas that you want to carry forward into the
prototyping phase.
• If you’ve done with with a group, you’ll want to
consolidate ideas and then prioritize together.
To understand how to consolidate your
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understand how to prioritize your ideas watch
either the mealtime or priority matrix videos.
Fold your paper in half 3 times
Unfold your paper Illustrate or descrivbe 8 ideas
FOLD
FOLD
FOLD
1
5
2
6
3
7
4
8
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Methods
Crazy 8’s
Affinity Mapping
Brainstorming
Card Sorting
help of the users.
Priority Matrix
Mealtime
desserts.

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Guidelines
Collect the ideas and arrange them on a flat surface
Individually or with your group, sort the ideas into clusters based on how they relate
If necessary, create a misc cluster
After all of the ideas have been sorted into clusters, title each cluster
1
2
3
4

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$ıQLW\0DSSLQJ
Overview
A great method to make sense of and organize a lot of
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us draw connections between these individual ideas
join them together so we can develop deeper insights.
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WRV\QWKHVLV
Guidelines
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can see
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4. After all of the ideas have been sorted into
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the column. If the team can’t agree on a single
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3ODFHDOORIWKHLGHDVRQDȵDWVXUIDFH
Group like ideas into logical clusters
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Label each cluster
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@BERMONPAINTER
Methods
Crazy 8’s
Affinity Mapping
Brainstorming
Card Sorting
help of the users.
Priority Matrix
Mealtime
desserts.

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@BERMONPAINTER
Guidelines
Take the ideas or clustered groups from an affinity mapping exercise
Think through how important the successful implementation of the idea would be to
your target user
Align each idea or cluster and map them to one of 3 categories: vegetables, meats,
or desserts
1
2
3

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Mealtime Prioritization
Overview
This provides a simple way to quickly prioritize your
ideas and determine which ideas you’d like to bring
forward into the prototyping phase.
Guidelines
1. Take the ideas you or your group have generated.
And begin to prioritize them. If there are a lot of
loose ideas, consider running them through an
DɝQLW\PDSSLQJH[HUFLVHȴUVW
2. Take each idea or categorized idea cluster and
think through how important it is.
3. Begin to align each idea or cluster and map them
to one of 3 categories: Vegetables (must-haves),
Meats (wants), and Desserts (nice-to-haves
AFFINITY MAPPING GROUP
VEGGIES
Must-Haves
MEATS
Needs
DESSERTS
Nice-To-Haves
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@BERMONPAINTER
Methods
Crazy 8’s
Affinity Mapping
Brainstorming
Card Sorting
help of the users.
Priority Matrix
Mealtime
desserts.

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@BERMONPAINTER
Guidelines
Take your ideas and line them up along the value axis
Take two ideas randomly and ask yourself, “Will this idea provide more value to my
users than the other idea?” If the answer is yes, move the chosen idea in front of the
other. If the answer is no, put the chosen idea behind it. Continue organizing ideas
until all are aligned along the value axis
Next, move them up or down along the complexity axis. Continue ranking each idea up
or down along the complexity to axis until all ideas are aligned.
1
2
3

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Priority Matrix
Overview
The priority matrix will help you visualize which ideas
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to create. As you chose which ideas to prototype, it’s
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Guidelines
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axis
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4. &RQWLQXHSXOOLQJLGHDVXSWRWKHYDOXHD[LVDVNLQJ
ZKLFKSURYLGHPRUHRUOHVVYDOXHDQGUDQNWKHP
XQWLOHYHU\LGHDLVUDQNHGORZWRKLJKYDOXHDORQJ
the axis.
5. 2QFH\RXȇYHFRPSOHWHUDQNHG\RXULGHDVPRYH
WKHPXSRUGRZQDORQJWKHD[LVIRUFRPSOH[LW\WR
prototype.
6. &RQWLQXHUDQNLQJHDFKLGHDXSRUGRZQDORQJ
WKHFRPSOH[LW\WRD[LVXQWLODOOLGHDVVLWLQRQHRI
WKHTXDGUDQWVRI\RXUPDWUL[
THE SWEET SPOT
+LJK9DOXH/RZ&RPSOH[LW\
SAVE FOR A RAINY DAY
/RZ9DOXH/RZ&RPSOH[LW\
BREAK DOWN MORE TO SIMPLIFY
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CAUTION ZONE
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Resources

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PROTOTYPE
MAKING OUR IDEAS REAL

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Overview
One we’ve generated a number of ideas and have narrowed down where we want to focus our
efforts, we begin to develop basic prototypes that can then be used to gather feedback from our
users, validate our initial assumptions, and provide us with more data we can use to further
iterate on and refine our ideas into a final solution.

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Methods
Paper Prototype
Model your ideas quickly with paper
for quick interfaces or 3D models
that your users can quickly interact
with.
Wireframes
Similar to a blueprint to a building, a
wireframe is a visual drawing that
details elements for an interface.
Storyboard
Visually captures a narrative story
around how, where and why people
may engage in a product or service.
Sketching
Illustrate your ideas. Sketching is
typically done quickly on a
whiteboard or paper.
Interactive Mockups
Take sketches, wireframes or high-
fidelity mockups and put them into a
tool that allows users to click or tap
through your experience.
Simulation
Physically acting out or creating a
video of what happens when a user
interacts with a product or service
3D Printing
Useful for quickly modeling physical
prototypes.
Low Fidelity
High Fidelity

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Guidelines
Gather all of your materials first
Warm up
Create one sketch per sheet per idea
Iterate as the ideas happen
1
2
4
3

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Paper Prototyping
Overview
The simplest form or prototyping can be done with nothing more that pen and paper. Paper prototyping doesn’t require any software or tools. If you’re prototyping a digital interface, you can
VLPSO\GUDZGL΍HUHQWVFUHHQVZLWKSDSHUDQGSHQΖI\RXȇUHDWWHPSWLQJWRSURWRW\SLQJDSK\VLFDOREMHFWVRPHVFLVVRUVWDSHDQGJOXHFDQJRDORQJZD\WRTXLFNO\PDNH\RXULGHDUHDO3DSHU
SURWRW\SLQJLVORZȴGHOLW\DQGLGHDOLI\RXZDQWWRUDSLGO\WHVWEURDGFRQFHSWVΖWȇVTXLFNFKHDSDQGGRHVQȇWUHTXLUHDGYDQFHGGHVLJQVNLOOV7KLVDOORZVGL΍HUHQWSHRSOHIURPGL΍HUHQWWHDPV
FDQHDVLO\EHLQYROYHG
Guidelines
1. *DWKHUDOORI\RXUPDWHULDOVȴUVW0DNHVXUH\RXKDYHHQRXJKSDSHUDQGGUDZLQJXWHQVLOVEHIRUHKDQGSOXVVFLVVRUVJOXHSRVWLWVLQGH[FDUGVWDSHDQGDGGLWLRQDOWRROV\RXPLJKWQHHG
2. :DUPXS6RPHWLPHVZHQHHGDELWRIDZDUPXSWRZHDUHQȇWOHIWVWDULQJDWDEODQNVKHHWRISHRSOH7DNHDVKHHWRISDSHUDQGVFULEEOHDOORYHULW2UPD\EHVWDUWVNHWFKLQJRXWLGHDVDV
TXLFNO\DVWKH\FRPH3. 2QHVNHWFKSHUVKHHWSHULGHD1RPDWWHUKRZELJRUVPDOOWKH\\RXUVNHWFKHVFRPHRXWGUDZDVHSDUDWHVNHWFKRQDGL΍HUHQWVKHHWRISDSHU7KLVZLOODOORZ\RXWRFRQVROLGDWHDQG
categorize your ideas.
4. ΖWHUDWHDVWKHLGHDVKDSSHQ'RQȇWTXHVWLRQ\RXULGHDVMXVWJHWWKHPRQSDSHUWarmup Exercises
ΖI\RXȇGOLNHWRJHW\RXUEUDLQSUHSSHGIRUSDSHUSURWRW\SLQJFRQVLGHUXVLQJRQHRIWKHSURYLGHGZDUPXSH[HUFLVHV
Suggested Materials
1. Paper
2. Construction Paper
3. Pens
4. &RORUHG0DUNHUV
5. 6KDUSLHV
6. ΖQGH[&DUGV
7. Tape
8. 6FLVVRUV
@BERMONPAINTER \ #ELONUNIVERSITY DESIGN THINKING: IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION
Warm-up: 30 Circles
Overview
A brainstorming challenge to get you come up with ideas quickly without overthinking. 30 circles is a warm-up exercise that you can do on your own, with a team, or before you start a
meeting to get peoples brains thinking. To run the warm-up, there are 30 circles below. Take 3 minutes and turn each circle into a recognizeable object like a sun or a smiling face.
Warm-up: Draw Toast
Overview
The main point of this warm-up is to demonstrate the power of visual thinking to represent information. To get, illustrate the steps you’d take to make toast assuming that you’d provide
these visual instructions to another person. They should be able to take your instructions to successfully make toast. If you’re doing this exercise with a group share with each other and
GLVFXVVWKHVLPLODULWLHVDQGGL΍HUHQFHVLQ\RXUYLVXDOLQVWUXFWLRQV
Warm-up: Squiggle Birds
Overview
A quick warm-up exercise that that get’s people into a mode of vidual thinking. It should take about 5 minutes and the main focus is to demonstrate that very little drawing is necessary to
convey an idea. To get started, draw a series of random sqiggles on the page. 6-10 separate squiggles should be enough. After you’re drawn a number of squiggles, begin to add beaks, eyes,
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The original concept of Squiggle Birds is from Chris Glynn - chrisglynn123.com
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@BERMONPAINTER
Methods
Paper Prototype
with.
Wireframes
Storyboard
Sketching
Interactive Mockups
Simulation
3D Printing
prototypes.
Low Fidelity
High Fidelity

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@BERMONPAINTER
Guidelines
Decide what experience want to wireframe
Map out the user flow, or how your intended user will go from one task to the next
Design your wireframe
1
2
3

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Wireframes
Overview
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features, and connections between for digital interfaces. A wireframe often doesn’t take color or visual aesthetics into account, and it represents the bare structure of your interface.
Guidelines
1. Decide what experience want to wireframe: You should have some great insight into what your users needs are and how you want to solve their problems. You may need to do a round
of ideation to determine which features you want to include in your wireframe.
2. 0DSRXWWKHXVHUȵRZ0RVWGLJLWDOH[SHULHQFHVKDYHDEHJLQQLQJDQGDQHQG'HWHUPLQHKRZDXVHUZRXOGȵRZIURPSDJHWRSDJHDVSDUWRI\RXUSURWRW\SH
3. Design your wireframe: Wireframes can be drawn on paper or you can choose to use a digital illustration tool. When creating your wireframe, don’t focus on aesthetics. Most wireframes
DUHVLPSOHEODFNER[HVSRVLWLRQHGRQDVFUHHQZLWKWH[W7KHSDJHVLQ\RXUZLUHIUDPHVKRXOGPDWFKWKHXVHUȵRZ\RXLGHQWLȴHG
Templates
Consider using one of our templates for web, tablet, and phone interfaces.
Suggested Materials
1. Printed wireframe templates
2. Pens
3. Colored Markers
4. Sharpies
5. Tape
6. Scissors
Wireframe: Desktop
Wireframe: Phone
Wireframe: Tablet
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@BERMONPAINTER
Methods
Paper Prototype
with.
Wireframes
Storyboard
Sketching
Interactive Mockups
Simulation
3D Printing
prototypes.
Low Fidelity
High Fidelity

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@BERMONPAINTER
Guidelines
Start by writing out the story you want to tell. If you’re presenting the storyboard to
users, you’ll want to focus in on the elements you want feedback on.
Figure out what you want to learn and make sure it shows up in your narrative.
Use low-fidelity sketches with words underneath to begin.
1
2
3

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Storyboards - Storytelling Canvas
Overview
Some prototypes aren’t tangible objects and may work
best as a story. Storytelling was the original method
of passing knowledge from one generation to the
next. It’s still one of the most compelling methods for
communicating knowledge. Storytelling can be oral,
YLVXDORUWH[WXDO$ORZȴGHOLW\SURWRW\SLQJPHWKRGWR
tell a story is with a storyboard. A storyboard focuses
on the person’s experience of using the product or
service you’d like to prototype.
Guidelines
1. Start by writing out the story you want to tell.
If you’re presenting the storyboard to users,
you’ll want to focus in on the elements you want
feedback on.
2. Figure out what you want to learn and make sure
it shows up in your narrative.
3. 8VHORZȴGHOLW\VNHWFKHVZLWKZRUGVXQGHUQHDWK
to begin.
As you think through your story, work in a few
fundamental elements:
• Setting: The setting orients the audience,
providing a sense of time and place for the story.
• Characters: &KDUDFWHULGHQWLȴFDWLRQLVKRZWKH
audience becomes involved in the story, and how
the story becomes relevant.
• Plot: The plot ties events in the story together,
and is the channel through which the story can
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Subject
What’s your story about?
Preparation
What should the audience think, know, or want before they
experience your story?
The Beginning
What needs to be set up or explained
to begin your story?
Goal
What’s the most important thing
you want to convey to the audience
through your story?
Conclusion
What should the audience think, know, or want after they
experience your story?
The Middle
What do you need to share to lead the
audience to their ‘ah-ha’ moment?
Audience
Who is your core audience?
The End
:KDWȇV\RXUFRQFOXVLRQRUȴQDOFDOOWR
action the audience should care about
or do?
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Resources

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TEST
VALIDATE YOUR ASSUMPTIONS

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@BERMONPAINTER
Overview
We’ve made a number of assumptions based on which prototypes we believe will accurately
solve our users’ problems. We can now take our prototypes, solicit feedback from users and then
use their feedback to evaluate, refine, and iterate on our prototypes.

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Methods
A/B Testing
Using two versions of a similar
design to understand which one
performs better under similar
scenarios.
Focus Group
Testing a product or service with
small groups typically accompanied
by a questionnaire.
Usability Testing
Moderating testing around unique
scenarios or tasks.

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@BERMONPAINTER
Guidelines
1
2
3

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@BERMONPAINTER
Template

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@BERMONPAINTER
Methods
A/B Testing
Using two versions of a similar
design to understand which one
performs better under similar
scenarios.
Focus Group
Testing a product or service with
small groups typically accompanied
by a questionnaire.
Usability Testing
Moderating testing around unique
scenarios or tasks.

View Slide

@BERMONPAINTER
Guidelines
Have a prototype (paper, digital)
Identify tasks you’d like to test and
build a usability test script
Define what you want to learn from
the test
Recruit users for your test
Facilitate Testing following your test
script in person or through remote
session
Synthesize your test results
Iterate designs & re-test as needed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

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Usability Test Plan
Overview
This document describes a test plan for conducting a usability test for a website, application or other types of products or services. The
goals of usability testing help is determine initial benchmarks around how intuitive an experience is, validate any performance criteria, and
identifying areas in order to improve the the overall user experience.
Objectives:
Uncover problems with usability from navigation errors, unclear content, ambiguous labels, and overly complex user journeys. Typically, an
initial usability study will help us establish a baseline around performance perameters and user satisfaction that will be used to measure
improvements in future evaluations.
Add your own objectives:
Procedure
Participants will take part in the usability test at _________________________________________ in __________________________. A ____________________
with the ________________________________ will be used in a _________________________________. The participant’s interactions and commentary will
location name
location setting
city device (computer, tablet)
website | application
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Resources

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WRAP-UP

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@BERMONPAINTER
Summary
Design thinking is simply a
methodology wrapped around user-
centered design principles
To effectively implement design
thinking requires a mix of different
thinking and insight across multiple
functions in your organization
(business, marketing, IT, design, etc.)
Empathy may be a distinct part of the
design thinking process but you never
stop empathizing with users
A dual track approach allows the
needed flexibility to go through the
design thinking process while allowing
implementation to leverage what ever
methodology they prefer (agile, SCRUM,
SAFE, etc.)
1
2
3
4

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Resources

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@BERMONPAINTER
Don’t make something unless it is both necessary and useful; but if it is both
necessary and useful, don’t hesitate to make it beautiful.
– Shaker Design Philosophy
“
“

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@BERMONPAINTER
Let’s Chat
Open Office Hours
Friday mornings: 7am – 9am
https://calendly.com/bermon-painter
Twitter/Linkedin
@bermonpainter

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Design Thinking: Ideas to Implementation

Design Thinking: Ideas to Implementation

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