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HTML: How to Make Loveliness Bruce Lawson

@brucel

@brucel §

@brucel

@brucel Treasure! • More performant • More accessible • More
robust • Less code to write • Less code to test • More time in the pub

@brucel

@brucel The treasure map: • Use HTML properly • Write
more HTML • Use CSS properly • Built-in beats Bolt-on. Bigly.

@brucel

@brucel https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2019/javascript

@brucel Weary of jQuery? jQuery, the most popular JavaScript library
ever created, is used in 85.03% of desktop pages and 83.46% of mobile pages.

@brucel Since its ﬁrst publication in 1970 The Technique of
Furniture Making has established itself as the bible for all woodworkers.

@brucel Introduction Any textbook concerned with the techniques of furniture-
making must deal primarily with the basic handcrafts for it is upon this groundwork that machine production is built, and in fact all the machine can ever do is to translate the essential hand operations into rotary movements of the cutting tool.

@brucel anyone who has only been shown how to force
a piece of wood against a mechanised saw will have learnt very little, but if he has had to saw that piece of wood by hand he will be more likely to know that much more about it, he will have greater respect for it and will understand in greater depth the problems that will have to be faced in its manipulation.

@brucel

@brucel 職⼈人気質 The Japanese word shokunin is deﬁned by both
Japanese and Japanese-English dictionaries as ‘craftsman’ or ‘artisan,’ but such a literal description does not fully express the deeper meaning. Tashio Odate - “Japanese Woodworking Tools: Their Tradition, Spirit and Use”

@brucel 職⼈人気質 Shokunin means not only having technical skill, but
also implies an attitude and social consciousness... a social obligation to work his best for the general welfare of the people, [an] obligation both material and spiritual. Tashio Odate - “Japanese Woodworking Tools: Their Tradition, Spirit and Use”

@brucel • Picture of TBL “web developer”

@brucel http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

@brucel

@brucel We broke it • ﬁxed width • bad contrast,
fonts, colours • pixel-perfect layout • lack of captions for videos • lack of keyboard accessibility • removing focus indicator

@brucel

@brucel The Raw Materials

@brucel b • web comping

@brucel

@brucel Top four 1. Have a fundamental understanding of JavaScript
“Of course you can’t do full-stack JavaScript development (or full-stack any web development for that matter), without learning JavaScript itself.” 2. Front-End framework 3. Bootstrap 4 4. HTML/CSS

@brucel As for HTML, there’s not much to learn right
away and you can kind of learn as you go, but before making your first templates, know the difference between in-line elements like <span> and how they differ from block ones like <div>. This will save you a huge amount of headache when fiddling with your CSS code.

@brucel

@brucel HTML is declarative <button type="button">Click Me!</button>

@brucel HTML is fault-tolerant <blink>OMG you’re having a seizure</blink>

@brucel so is backwards compatible <video src=“video.mp4”> <p>Can’t play it.
<a href=“video.mp4”>Download it</a>.</p> </video>

@brucel Paving a cowpath <picture> <source srcset=“tiny.webp” type=“image/webp”> <img src=“small.jpg”
alt=“...”> </picture>

@brucel

@brucel HTML is interoperable. <b><i>I’m badly nested</b></i>

@brucel Ninja by Efe Palavan from the Noun Project

@brucel JavaScript is NOT declarative Imperative programming focuses on describing
how a program operates. The term is often used in contrast to declarative programming, which focuses on what the program should accomplish without specifying how the program should achieve the result.

@brucel Principle of Least Power The choice of language is
a common design choice. The low power end of the scale is typically simpler to design, implement and use, but the high power end of the scale has all the attraction of being an open-ended hook into which anything can be placed: a door to uses bounded only by the imagination of the programmer. Sir Uncle Timbo https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Principles.html#PLP “

@brucel

https://kryogenix.org/code/browser/everyonehasjs.html

@brucel Oooh demo

@brucel Wooooh code <input type=“checkbox”><span>blah blah blah</span> <label><input type=“checkbox”> blah
blah blah</label>

@brucel https://wicg.github.io/aom/explainer.html

@brucel <button> <div class=“Btn”>Click me (if you can!)</div> • Remember
to set ARIA role (in HTML or JS) • Remember to manage focusability • Remember to listen for the correct keypresses

@brucel “Perhaps we could research why we need 92 variants
of button related elements that aren't a native button, for example, and try to ﬁll the native gap.” https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2019/markup

@brucel

@brucel div “The div element has no special meaning at
all. Authors are strongly encouraged to view the div element as an element of last resort, for when no other element is suitable. Use of more appropriate elements instead of the div element leads to better accessibility for readers and easier maintainability for authors.”

@brucel

@brucel Screen reader users webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey5/ - used by kind permission

@brucel • Leonie vid clip https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2019/02/accessibility-webinar/

@brucel 11 tags are used on > 90% of pages
<html> <head> <body> <title> <meta> <a> <div> <link> <script> <img> <span> •

@brucel 15 other elements occur on > 50% of pages:
<ul> <li> <p> <style> <input> <br> <form> <h2> <h1> <iframe> <h3> <button> <footer> <header> <nav>

@brucel “Structured data” When you add markup to your content,
you help search engines understand the diﬀerent components of a page. When Google's systems understand your page more clearly, Google Search can surface content through the cool features discussed in this post, which can enhance the user experience and get you more traﬃc. https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/04/enriching-search-results-structured-data.html

@brucel ooooh $$$$ • Eventbrite leveraged event structured data and
saw 100% increase in the typical YOY growth of traffic from search. • Jobrapido integrated with the job experience on Google Search and saw 115% increase in organic traffic, 270% increase of new user registrations from organic traffic, and 15% lower bounce rate for Google visitors to job pages. • Rakuten used the recipe search experience and saw a 2.7X increase in traffic from search engines and a 1.5X increase in session duration.

@brucel <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <header> <h2 itemprop="headline" id="post-11">The HTML Treasure
Hunt</h2> <time itemprop="dateCreated pubdate datePublished" datetime="2019-05-20">Monday 20 May 2019</time> </header> ... </article>

@brucel

@brucel Accessibility is part of Usability “high conformance with web
accessibility guidelines may provide beneﬁts to users without disabilities.” 

@brucel Schmutz, Sonderegger and Sauer  • Sixty-one participants without disabilities
used one of three websites diﬀering in levels of accessibility • A high level of web accessibility led to better performance (i.e., task completion time and task completion rate) than low or very low accessibility. • Likewise, high web accessibility improved user ratings (i.e., perceived usability, aesthetics, workload and trustworthiness) compared to low or very low web accessibility. Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland www.unifr.ch/psycho/assets/files/KogErg/SchmutzSondereggerSauer2016.pdf

@brucel

@brucel https://twitter.com/goodwitch/status/1106231135443410944

@brucel

@brucel • Picture of TBL “web developer”

@brucel Sir Uncle Timbo: The web is for everyone and
collectively we hold the power to change it. It won’t be easy. But if we dream a little and work a lot, we can get the web we want. https://webfoundation.org/2019/03/web-birthday-30/

@brucel What can you do? Learn the semantics of HTML.
There are 120(ish) elements, that’s all!

@brucel Most 2-year-olds can say about 100 words.

@brucel By the time your toddler is 2 1/2, she'll
probably know close to 300

@brucel

@brucel What can you do? • Learn the semantics of
HTML. There are 120(ish) elements, that’s all! • Run automated tests and go for low-hanging fruit, e.g. colour contrast

@brucel 98% of top million pages have errors https://webaim.org/projects/million/

@brucel https://ada.is/contrast-widget/

@brucel What can you do? • Learn the semantics of
HTML. There are 120(ish) elements, that’s all! • Run automated tests and go for low-hanging fruit, e.g. colour contrast • Use HTML (and CSS) wherever possible. • Make sites that work without JavaScript, then enhance with JS. • Choose your libraries carefully.

@brucel tenon-ui.info Bruce Approved!

@brucel react-bootstrap https://react-bootstrap.github.io/components/navs/

@brucel What no <nav>? Bruce rejected.

@brucel http://marcosmoura.com/angular-material-sidemenu/

@brucel What no <nav>? Bruce rejected.

@brucel Share where possible

@brucel

@brucel “The word jaywalk is not historically neutral. It is
a compound word derived from the word “jay”, an inexperienced person and a curse word that originated in the early 1900s, and “walk” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jaywalking

@brucel http://www.commitstrip.com/en/2019/04/19/its-better-with-javascript/

@brucel

@brucel “Developer Experience” Bait-and-Switch We cannot continue to use as
much JavaScript as is now “normal” and expect the web to ﬂourish. To get this ﬁxed, we need to confront the “developer experience” bait-and-switch. Tools that cost the poorest users to pay wealthy developers are bunk. Alex Russell https://infrequently.org/2018/09/the-developer-experience-bait-and-switch/ “

@brucel 500MB data: hours worked https://360.here.com/2015/06/03/oﬄine-navigation-really-matters-500mb-data-costs-week-wages/

@brucel How To Make Internet Affordable Even with more phones
than ever before, the cost of Internet is a major obstacle. In Nigeria, the data needed to watch just 2 minutes of online video a day can cost more than sending a child to school for a month. https://webwewant.org/news/how-to-make-internet-aﬀordable/ “

@brucel The Baseline Costs of JavaScript Frameworks Your React application
will never load faster than about 1.1 seconds on an average phone in India, no matter how much you optimize it. Your Angular app will always take at least 2.7 seconds to boot up. Ankur Sethi, Nov 2018 https://blog.uncommon.is/the-baseline-costs-of-javascript-frameworks-f768e2865d4a “

ICT access by population Total   global population ~7.4 billion
High-speed  internet 1.1 billion Total   internet users 3.2 billion Mobile phones 5.2 billion Within mobile coverage 7 billion World Bank: Digital Dividends 2016

Developing countries are home to 94% of the global offline
population. “ - State of Connectivity 2014, internet.org

Making the internet universally accessible and affordable should be a
global priority. “ World Bank

Courtesy of Hesperian

If you want to liberate a country, give them the
internet. “ - Wael Ghonim, Egyptian internet activist

an increase in Internet maturity similar to the one experienced
in mature countries over the past 5 years creates an increase in real GDP per capita of $500 on average during this period. “ Internet matters - The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)

It took the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century 50
years to produce the same result. “ Internet matters - The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)

@brucel • [image of a crowd of people - terrible
stock photo?]

@brucel

THANKS ’N’ SNOGS! brucelawson.co.uk @brucel * Other Bruce Lawsons are
available. ** known to cause nausea in some jurisdictions.

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