Pushing the limits of PHP (SymfonyLive Berlin)

It's 2019 and times have changed – yet PHP is still most often associated with your average product catalog or blogging platform. In this talk you will learn that PHP's huge ecosystem has way more to offer and PHP is not inferior at all to its evil cousin Node.js.

You will learn about the core concepts of async PHP and why you too should care about ReactPHP being a real thing. The talk has a strong focus on sparking the idea that PHP can be way faster and more versatile than you probably thought. Bring along an open mind, and through lots of interesting examples and live demos learn why what sounds crazy at first might soon be a valuable addition in your toolbox.

Transcript

1. pushing the limits of PHP
   @another_clue
   

   View Slide

2. pushing the limits of PHP
   why ReactPHP is awesome and why YOU should care
   @another_clue
   

   View Slide

3. Agenda
   - Hello!
   - PHP, the web of the ‘90s?
   - Enter React
   - Core components
   - Examples and demo time
   - Conclusions
   3
   

   View Slide

4. Hello!
   4
   

   View Slide

5. $ whoami
   5
   

   View Slide

6. $ whoami
   Christian Lück
   6
   

   View Slide

7. $ whoami
   Christian Lück
   7
   

   View Slide

8. $ whoami
   Christian Lueck
   8
   

   View Slide

9. $ whoami
   Christian Lueck
   9
   

   View Slide

10. $ whoami
    Christian Lueck
    @clue
    10
    

    View Slide

11. $ whoami
    Christian Lueck
    @another_clue
    11
    

    View Slide

12. $ whoami
    Christian Lueck
    @another_clue
    passionate about pushing the limits
    12
    

    View Slide

13. $ whoami
    Christian Lueck
    @another_clue
    passionate about pushing the limits
    freelance software engineer 13
    

    View Slide

14. Who are you?
    14
    now that you know me…
    

    View Slide

15. Who are you?
    15
    now that you know me…
    - PHP developers?
    - architects / engineers?
    

    View Slide

16. Who are you?
    16
    now that you know me…
    - PHP developers?
    - architects / engineers?
    - know React?
    

    View Slide

17. PHP, the web of the ‘90s?
    17
    

    View Slide

18. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    18
    

    View Slide

19. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    19
    Apache
    Client PHP MySQL
    

    View Slide

20. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    traditional LAMP stack
    20
    Apache
    Client PHP MySQL
    

    View Slide

21. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    traditional LAMP stack
    Request-Response-Cycle
    21
    Apache
    Client PHP MySQL
    

    View Slide

22. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    traditional LAMP stack
    Request-Response-Cycle
    PHP is too slow? 22
    Apache
    Client PHP MySQL
    

    View Slide

23. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    traditional LAMP stack
    Request-Response-Cycle
    PHP is too slow? 23
    Apache
    Client MySQL
    FPM
    PHP
    PHP
    

    View Slide

24. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    traditional LAMP stack
    Request-Response-Cycle
    PHP is too slow? 24
    nginx
    Client MySQL
    FPM
    PHP
    PHP
    

    View Slide

25. PHP and the web of the ‘90s
    traditional LAMP stack
    Request-Response-Cycle
    PHP is too slow? 25
    nginx
    Client
    FPM
    PHP
    PHP memcache
    MySQL
    

    View Slide

26. PHP may not be pretty…
    26
    

    View Slide

27. PHP may not be pretty…
    but it gets the job done!
    27
    

    View Slide

28. Knock knock!
    Who’s there?
    28
    

    View Slide

29. Knock knock!
    2019!
    Who’s there?
    29
    

    View Slide

30. Knock knock!
    2019!
    - Separation of concerns
    (Frontend↔Backend)
    - HTTP APIs (RESTful)
    - Integration with 3rd parties
    - Live-Data (ticker)
    - CLI tools
    Who’s there?
    30
    

    View Slide

31. Node.js
    31
    

    View Slide

32. Node.js
    32
    good fit, huge ecosystem
    

    View Slide

33. Node.js
    33
    good fit, huge ecosystem
    interesting concepts
    

    View Slide

34. Node.js
    34
    good fit, huge ecosystem
    interesting concepts
    npm install…
    

    View Slide

35. nodejs?
    35
    

    View Slide

36. no js!
    36
    

    View Slide

37. Everybody’s favorite language…
    37
    

    View Slide

38. PHP
    38
    

    View Slide

39. PHP
    39
    gets the job done
    

    View Slide

40. PHP
    40
    gets the job done
    widespread usage
    

    View Slide

41. PHP
    41
    gets the job done
    widespread usage
    if PHP can do it…
    

    View Slide

42. Enter React!
    42
    

    View Slide

43. View Slide

44. The other React™
    44
    

    View Slide

45. The REAL React™
    45
    

    View Slide

46. View Slide

47. What is React?
    47
    

    View Slide

48. What is React?
    non-blocking I/O
    48
    

    View Slide

49. What is React?
    non-blocking I/O
    event-driven
    49
    

    View Slide

50. What is React?
    non-blocking I/O
    event-driven
    async
    50
    

    View Slide

51. 100%
    51
    

    View Slide

52. 100%
    pure PHP
    52
    

    View Slide

53. 100%
    pure PHP
    no extensions
    53
    

    View Slide

54. 100%
    pure PHP
    no extensions
    no magic
    54
    

    View Slide

55. What does that even mean?!
    55
    

    View Slide

56. the idea
    56
    

    View Slide

57. calculations are fast
    57
    the idea
    

    View Slide

58. calculations are fast
    I/O is slow
    58
    the idea
    

    View Slide

59. I/O is everywhere
    59
    

    View Slide

60. I/O is everywhere
    third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…)
    60
    

    View Slide

61. I/O is everywhere
    third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…)
    mysql, postgres
    61
    

    View Slide

62. I/O is everywhere
    third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…)
    mysql, postgres
    filesystem I/O (session files)
    62
    

    View Slide

63. I/O is everywhere
    third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…)
    mysql, postgres
    filesystem I/O (session files)
    redis, memcache 63
    

    View Slide

64. 64
    Source: Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know: https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832
    CPU vs I/O
    

    View Slide

65. I/O is slow!
    65
    

    View Slide

66. I/O is slow!
    So why wait?
    66
    

    View Slide

67. This is React
    67
    

    View Slide

68. This is React
    68
    Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking)
    

    View Slide

69. This is React
    69
    Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking)
    Get notified when something happens (react)
    

    View Slide

70. This is React
    70
    Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking)
    Get notified when something happens (react)
    Don’t waste time waiting
    

    View Slide

71. What React is not
    71
    

    View Slide

72. What React is not
    React is not black magic / vodoo
    72
    

    View Slide

73. What React is not
    React is not black magic / vodoo
    React is not a framework
    73
    

    View Slide

74. What React is not
    React is not black magic / vodoo
    React is not a framework
    React is not the new buzz
    74
    

    View Slide

75. React core components
    75
    

    View Slide

76. React Core components
    - Event loop (reactor)
    - Streams
    - Promises
    76
    

    View Slide

77. Event loop
    Consumers
    - THE core, low-level component
    77
    

    View Slide

78. Event loop
    Consumers
    - THE core, low-level component
    - Create an instance
    - Just use the Factory
    - Additional extensions for bigger payloads
    - something inbetween…
    - just pass the $loop around
    - Start running
    - keeps running forever
    - unless stopped or done
    78
    

    View Slide

79. Event loop
    Consumers
    - THE core, low-level component
    - Create an instance
    - Just use the Factory
    - Additional extensions for bigger payloads
    - something inbetween…
    - just pass the $loop around
    - Start running
    - keeps running forever
    - unless stopped or done
    79
    $loop = Factory::create();
    // something inbetween
    // pass the $loop around to all components
    $loop->run();
    

    View Slide

80. Event loop
    Implementors
    - Reactor pattern (hence the name)
    80
    

    View Slide

81. Event loop
    Implementors
    - Reactor pattern (hence the name)
    - start timers
    - once
    - periodic
    - ticks
    81
    $loop->addTimer(0.5, function () {
    echo ‘world’;
    });
    $loop->addTimer(0.3, function () {
    echo ‘hello’;
    });
    

    View Slide

82. Event loop
    Implementors
    - Reactor pattern (hence the name)
    - start timers
    - once
    - periodic
    - ticks
    - wait for stream resources to become
    - readable
    - writable
    82
    $loop->addTimer(0.5, function () {
    echo ‘world’;
    });
    $loop->addTimer(0.3, function () {
    echo ‘hello’;
    });
    $loop->addReadStream($stream, $fn);
    $loop->addWriteStream($stream, $fn);
    

    View Slide

83. Streams
    - Process large strings in chunks as they happen (think downloads)
    - Types
    - Readable (e.g. STDIN pipe)
    - Writable (e.g. STDOUT pipe)
    - Duplex (e.g. TCP/IP connection)
    83
    

    View Slide

84. Streams
    - interfaces, events and listeners:
    84
    $dest->write(‘hello’);
    $source->on(‘data’, function ($data) {
    var_dump($data);
    });
    $source->on(‘close’, function () {
    echo ‘stream closed’;
    });
    

    View Slide

85. Streams
    - interfaces, events and listeners:
    85
    $dest->write(‘hello’);
    $source->on(‘data’, function ($data) {
    var_dump($data);
    });
    $source->on(‘close’, function () {
    echo ‘stream closed’;
    });
    $source->pipe($gunzip)->pipe($badwords)->pipe($dest);
    

    View Slide

86. Promises
    - Placeholder for a single future result
    - Possible states:
    - pending
    - fulfilled (successfully resolved)
    - rejected (Exception occured)
    86
    

    View Slide

87. Promises
    - no more imperative code flow
    - instead (tell, don’t ask)
    87
    $a->then($fulfilled = null, $rejected = null);
    $a->then(‘process’);
    $a->then(‘process’, ‘var_dump’);
    

    View Slide

88. Examples and demo time!
    88
    

    View Slide

89. Examples and demo time!
    All open source with links
    89
    

    View Slide

90. Socket server
    90
    react/socket
    - THE canonical chat example
    - broadcast all incoming msgs
    

    View Slide

91. Socket server
    91
    react/socket
    - THE canonical chat example
    - broadcast all incoming msgs
    - run example server
    - connect via telnet:
    $ telnet live.clue.engineering 8000
    

    View Slide

92. View Slide

93. HTTP client
    93
    clue/buzz-react
    - Simple HTTP requests
    - inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz
    - PSR-7 compatible
    

    View Slide

94. HTTP client
    94
    clue/buzz-react
    - Simple HTTP requests
    - inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz
    - PSR-7 compatible
    - Promises and Streams
    - It’s fast…
    

    View Slide

95. HTTP client
    95
    clue/buzz-react
    - Simple HTTP requests
    - inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz
    - PSR-7 compatible
    - Promises and Streams
    - It’s fast…
    - benchmarks in following slides about
    clue/docker-react
    

    View Slide

96. Packagist API
    clue/packagist-api-react
    - get information about any
    Composer package
    - simple, Promise-based
    - lightweight wrapper between
    - KnpLabs/packagist-api
    - clue/buzz-react
    96
    

    View Slide

97. Packagist API
    clue/packagist-api-react
    - get information about any
    Composer package
    - simple, Promise-based
    - lightweight wrapper between
    - KnpLabs/packagist-api
    - clue/buzz-react
    97
    - see its examples
    $ php examples/search.php
    

    View Slide

98. Docker client
    clue/docker-react
    - Run apps in isolated containers
    - “build, ship and run, anywhere”
    - Controlled through HTTP API
    - Promises and Streams
    98
    

    View Slide

99. Docker client
    clue/docker-react
    - Run apps in isolated containers
    - “build, ship and run, anywhere”
    - Controlled through HTTP API
    - Promises and Streams
    99
    - see its promise examples
    $ php examples/info.php
    - see its streaming examples
    $ php examples/benchmark-exec.php
    

    View Slide

100. 2400 MB/s
     100
     

     View Slide

101. 2400 MB/s
     101
     

     View Slide

102. 2400 MB/s
     102
     dockerd maxed out
     PHP not
     

     View Slide

103. HTTP server
     react/http
     - Pure PHP, with
     no additional webserver
     - standard PSR-7 interfaces
     103
     

     View Slide

104. HTTP server
     react/http
     - Pure PHP, with
     no additional webserver
     - standard PSR-7 interfaces
     - Lots of third-party integrations
     with traditional frameworks
     (Symfony, Slim etc.)
     104
     

     View Slide

105. 11k requests/s
     105
     

     View Slide

106. 11k requests/s
     106
     

     View Slide

107. 11k requests/s
     107
     this is a local, single core benchmark!
     

     View Slide

108. 11k requests/s
     108
     this is a local, single core benchmark!
     quad core i7 + HT => ~88k requests/s
     

     View Slide

109. 11k requests/s
     109
     this is a local, single core benchmark!
     quad core i7 + HT => ~88k requests/s
     40M requests/h (single core)
     

     View Slide

110. 11k requests/s
     110
     this is a local, single core benchmark!
     quad core i7 + HT => ~88k requests/s
     40M requests/h (single core)
     ~300M requests/h
     

     View Slide

111. Server sent events
     clue/sse-react
     - Server sent events (SSE)
     - aka. EventSource (browser API)
     - Streaming events to browser
     - limited browser support
     111
     

     View Slide

112. Server sent events
     clue/sse-react
     - Server sent events (SSE)
     - aka. EventSource (browser API)
     - Streaming events to browser
     - limited browser support
     112
     - see examples connecting to initial chat
     $ php examples/chat-server.php
     - open browser:
     http://live.clue.engineering:8080/
     

     View Slide

113. View Slide

114. Websocket server
     cboden/ratchet
     - Async WebSocket server
     - bidirectional data flow between
     browser and server
     - better browser support
     114
     

     View Slide

115. Redis client
     115
     clue/redis-react
     - Redis is a fast in-memory DB
     - very simple commands
     - very simple protocol
     - pipelined, Promise-based
     

     View Slide

116. Redis client
     116
     clue/redis-react
     - Redis is a fast in-memory DB
     - very simple commands
     - very simple protocol
     - pipelined, Promise-based
     - see its examples
     $ php examples/incr.php
     

     View Slide

117. Redis server
     117
     

     View Slide

118. Redis server
     118
     - Official Redis is written in C
     

     View Slide

119. Redis server
     119
     clue/php-redis-server
     - Official Redis is written in C
     - Reimplementation is pure PHP
     

     View Slide

120. Redis server
     120
     clue/php-redis-server
     - Official Redis is written in C
     - Reimplementation is pure PHP
     - Very simple to add commands
     

     View Slide

121. Redis server
     121
     clue/php-redis-server
     - Official Redis is written in C
     - Reimplementation is pure PHP
     - Very simple to add commands
     - How fast could PHP possibly be?
     Let’s see…
     

     View Slide

122. Redis server
     122
     clue/php-redis-server
     - Official Redis is written in C
     - Reimplementation is pure PHP
     - Very simple to add commands
     - How fast could PHP possibly be?
     Let’s see…
     - see its bin
     $ php bin/redis-server.php
     - test via clue/redis-react
     - test via official redis CLI
     - run official redis benchmark during talk:
     - official server: ~150k OP/s
     

     View Slide

123. 100k OP/s
     123
     

     View Slide

124. 100k OP/s
     124
     

     View Slide

125. 100k OP/s
     pure PHP
     125
     

     View Slide

126. 100k OP/s
     pure PHP
     who needs native code anyway?
     126
     

     View Slide

127. Redis framework
     127
     clue/php-redis-framework
     - Development preview
     - Very simple to add custom
     commands
     

     View Slide

128. Redis framework
     128
     clue/php-redis-framework
     - Development preview
     - Very simple to add custom
     commands
     - run example server
     $ php examples/11-beer.php
     - connect via telnet:
     $ telnet IP 9000
     

     View Slide

129. View Slide

130. Quassel
     clue/quassel-react
     - Quassel IRC core
     - event-driven IRC chatbots
     - re-using existing identity
     130
     

     View Slide

131. View Slide

132. Zenity
     clue/zenity-react
     - PHP desktop GUI applications
     - very simple, Promise-based
     132
     

     View Slide

133. Zenity
     clue/zenity-react
     - PHP desktop GUI applications
     - very simple, Promise-based
     133
     - see its simple examples
     $ php examples/01-dialog.php
     - see its more realistic examples
     $ php examples/06-menu.php
     $ php examples/03-progress-pulsate.php
     $ php examples/03-progress-random.php
     

     View Slide

134. View Slide

135. View Slide

136. View Slide

137. BunnyPHP
     bunny/bunny
     - AMQP (RabbitMQ)
     - job worker processes
     - run slow things in background
     137
     

     View Slide

138. no polling
     138
     

     View Slide

139. no polling
     139
     jobs instantly picked up
     

     View Slide

140. no polling
     140
     jobs instantly picked up
     thousands of jobs per second
     

     View Slide

141. no polling
     141
     jobs instantly picked up
     thousands of jobs per second
     concurrently processing hundreds or more
     

     View Slide

142. many, MANY more third-party projects:
     https://github.com/reactphp/react/wiki/Users
     142
     

     View Slide

143. Conclusions
     143
     

     View Slide

144. 144
     Can I use ReactPHP to make my website 1000x faster?
     

     View Slide

145. YES
     145
     Can I use ReactPHP to make my website 1000x faster?
     

     View Slide

146. YES
     146
     But you might be missing the point…
     Can I use ReactPHP to make my website 1000x faster?
     

     View Slide

147. PHP
     147
     

     View Slide

148. PHP
     faster than you probably thought
     148
     

     View Slide

149. PHP
     faster than you probably thought
     more versatile than you probably thought
     149
     

     View Slide

150. ReactPHP
     150
     

     View Slide

151. ReactPHP
     151
     a real deal and here to stay
     

     View Slide

152. ReactPHP
     152
     a real deal and here to stay
     stable & production ready
     

     View Slide

153. ReactPHP
     153
     a real deal and here to stay
     stable & production ready
     *awesome*
     

     View Slide

154. try!
     154
     

     View Slide

155. try!
     whenever having to wait
     155
     

     View Slide

156. try!
     whenever having to wait
     whenever accessing network
     156
     

     View Slide

157. help!
     157
     

     View Slide

158. help!
     elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
     158
     

     View Slide

159. help!
     elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
     tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp
     159
     

     View Slide

160. help!
     elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
     tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp
     Talk to me
     160
     

     View Slide

161. help!
     elaborate documentation on ReactPHP.org
     tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp
     Talk to me
     Did I mention I’m available? 161
     

     View Slide

162. // thank you!
     $loop->stop();
     162
     @another_clue – https://clue.engineering/
     

     View Slide

163. integration
     163
     

     View Slide

164. integration
     non-blocking and blocking don’t mix well
     164
     

     View Slide

165. integration
     non-blocking and blocking don’t mix well
     decide for either approach
     165
     

     View Slide

166. integration
     non-blocking and blocking don’t mix well
     decide for either approach
     isolate & communicate
     166
     

     View Slide

167. Integration with traditional environments
     167
     integrating async into sync is easy
     

     View Slide

168. Integration with traditional environments
     168
     integrating async into sync is easy
     - just run the loop until you’re done
     - see clue/block-react
     

     View Slide

169. Integration with traditional environments
     169
     integrating async into sync is easy
     - just run the loop until you’re done
     - see clue/block-react
     integrating sync into async is hard
     

     View Slide

170. Integration with traditional environments
     170
     integrating async into sync is easy
     - just run the loop until you’re done
     - see clue/block-react
     integrating sync into async is hard
     - often requires async rewrite
     - consider forking instead
     

     View Slide

171. Avoid blocking!
     - The loop must not be blocked
     171
     

     View Slide

172. Avoid blocking!
     - The loop must not be blocked
     - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
     - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
     172
     

     View Slide

173. Avoid blocking!
     - The loop must not be blocked
     - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
     - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
     - Alternatives
     - Single result: Promises
     - Evented: Streams
     173
     

     View Slide

174. Avoid blocking!
     - The loop must not be blocked
     - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
     - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
     - Alternatives
     - Single result: Promises
     - Evented: Streams
     - Need a blocking function?
     - Fork off!
     - Use IPC
     174
     

     View Slide

175. Avoid blocking!
     - The loop must not be blocked
     - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default
     - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered
     - Alternatives
     - Single result: Promises
     - Evented: Streams
     - Need a blocking function?
     - Fork off!
     - Use IPC
     175
     Pay attention:
     - PDO, mysql etc.
     - file system access
     - network access
     - third-party APIs
     

     View Slide