Magmatic Conditions as Indicated by Petrological and Mineralogical Aspects in the Tertiary Basaltic Lava, Southeastern Bali, Indonesia

Penulis: Dr. I.G.B. Eddy Sucipta
Lembaga: Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Lava basaltik Tersier di bagian tenggara Pulau Bali hadir sebagai lava bantal dan berasosiasi dengan rangkaian magma kalk-alkali K tinggi di busur pulau sistem vulkanik. Komposisi mineral batuan ini tersusun atas olivin dan klinopiroksen sebagai fenokris utama dengan fenokris plagioklas dan magnetit sebagai kelimpahan minor. Masa dasarnya mengandung plagioklas, mineral buram, piroksen, dan kaca vulkanik yang membentuk tekstur intersertal. Olivin memiliki komposisi forsterit (Fo63-92) dengan tekstur zoning normal. Piroksen memiliki komposisi augit dan diopside dengan zonasi normal dan terbalik (reverse). Zonasi terbalik pada fenokris piroksen memiliki kandungan Mg-, Cr-, Ti- dan Al yang sangat bervariasi. Beberapa zona telah diamati bahwa zonasi terbalik terbentuk dari inti ke tepi pertama, dan zonasi normal ke tepi berikutnya. Plagioklas dalam massa dasar memiliki komposisi yang berkisar dari bitownit hingga albit K tinggi. Geotermobarometri klinopirokses menunjukkan bahwa lava basaltik Tersier di tenggara Pulau Bali terbentuk oleh magma kogenetik dengan suhu 1100o-1300o C dan tekanan 3-9 kbar. Pencampuran magma adalah proses penting sebelum lava basaltik meletus di lingkungan laut.

Transcript

1. MAGMATIC CONDITIONS AS INDICATED BY PETROLOGICAL AND
   MINERALOGICAL ASPECTS IN THE TERTIARY BASALTIC LAVA,
   SOUTHEASTERN OF BALI, INDONESIA
   I G.B. Eddy Sucipta 1, Muhammad Taufik Abdullah 2, Purnama Sendjaja3
   1Department of Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
   2Laboratory of SEM-EDS UPP Chevron – Institut Teknologi Bandung
   3Center of Geological Survey, Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Republic Indonesia
   Corresponding author: sucipta@itb.ac.id
   

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2. 2
   Index map of Bali Island
   (after Self and King, 1996)
   Research area is shown by a red box
   (after Google Maps, accessed on November 26, 2019)
   Geological map and stratigraphy of Bali Island (after Sutawidjaja, 2009) Outcrop of pillow lava in Gua Lawah Area, Southeastern Bali
   The purpose of research:
   1. To know about petrology, mineralogy,
   geochemical characteristics of Tertiary basaltic
   lava in Southeastern Bali.
   2. To determine their magmatic condition before
   eruption in marine environment.
   Introduction
   

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3. 3
   Petrology and Mineralogy
   Basalt outcrop of LEBU-1K (Margenta, 2015) Basalt outcrop of ABAH 1 (Margenta, 2015)
   Micro-photograph of thin section LEBU-1K Micro-photograph of thin section ABAH 1
   1 mm
   1 mm
   1 mm
   1 mm
   PPL PPL
   XPL XPL
   

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4. 4 Mineral Chemistry of Phenocrysts
   Olivine have normal zoning with Fosterite contents
   (Fo%) of Fo63-92
   Olivine Pyroxene Plagioclase (+ groundmass)
   Pyroxene are classified as augite – diopside
   (clinopyroxene) with normal and reverse zoning
   Plagioclase are classified as bytownite – high K
   albite with Anorthite contents (An%) of An3-89
   Diagram of Morimoto et al. (1988)
   Diagram of Arem (2011)
   

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5. 5
   Thermobarometer of Clinopyroxene
   Formula after Putirka (2008)
   

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6. 6
   Whole Rock Chemistry (Major Elements)
   Formation
   Sample no. RM 13-03 BL-3 MG-4 ABAH 1 LEBU - 1K LEBU - 1M
   Fossil age (Blow, 1969)
   Rock name Basalt Basalt Basalt Basalt Basalt Basalt
   Clinopyroxene (Cpx) 30 30 20 30 27 30
   Orthopyroxene (Opx) 3
   Olivine (Ol) 20 15 15 20 10 10
   Plagioclase (Plg) 25 45 30 25 25 20
   Opaq mineral (Opq) 10 10 30 10 5 8
   Volcanic glass 10 5 5 10 5 17
   Secondary minerals 5 5 25 15
   Major elements (weight %) :
   SiO2
   47.260 45.970 45.880 48.140 46.350 46.130
   TiO2
   0.525 0.506 0.550 0.601 0.495 0.494
   Al2
   O3
   13.370 12.280 11.860 15.180 12.410 12.940
   Fe2
   O3
   13.630 14.950 15.010 13.060 12.170 12.490
   MnO 0.209 0.194 0.203 0.171 0.138 0.158
   MgO 8.890 11.050 10.430 6.130 11.110 11.700
   CaO 10.750 11.450 12.010 9.790 8.940 8.340
   Na2
   O 1.660 1.430 1.280 1.990 1.480 1.540
   K2
   O 2.680 2.160 2.220 2.930 1.430 1.510
   P2
   O5
   0.476 0.336 0.360 0.479 0.286 0.302
   LOI 1.470 1.560 2.140 1.760 4.850 4.230
   Total 100.920 101.886 101.943 100.231 99.659 99.834
   K2
   O/Na2
   O 1.61 1.51 1.73 1.47 0.97 0.98
   Na2
   O + K2
   O 4.34 3.59 3.50 4.92 2.91 3.05
   FeO* 12.26 13.45 13.51 11.75 10.95 11.24
   FeO*/MgO 1.38 1.22 1.30 1.92 0.99 0.96
   CaO/Al2
   O3
   0.80 0.93 1.01 0.64 0.72 0.64
   Mg# 56.4 61.9 60.5 50.8 66.8 67.3
   Ni (ppm) 101 208 175 69 151 163
   Cr (ppm) 289 562 497 214 425 355
   Normative minerals (weight %) :
   Plagioclase (Pl) 31.16 25.60 24.31 40.58 37.88 39.13
   Orthoclase (Or) 16.13 12.88 13.30 17.79 9.04 9.46
   Nepheline (Ne) 2.50 4.09 3.84 0.67
   Diopside (Di) 24.39 28.04 30.96 18.49 16.92 13.32
   Hypersthene (Hy) 15.53 13.34
   Olivine (Ol) 21.66 25.44 23.47 18.22 17.04 21.12
   Ilmenite (Ilm) 1.01 0.97 1.06 1.18 1.01 0.99
   Magnetite (Mt) 2.02 2.19 2.20 1.94 1.88 1.91
   Apatite (Ap) 1.11 0.79 0.86 1.14 0.72 0.74
   Total 99.98 100.00 100.00 100.01 100.02 100.01
   Diopside (Di)/Olivine (Ol) 1.13 1.10 1.32 1.01 0.99 0.63
   Fe2
   O3
   * (total Fe as Fe2
   O3
   ); FeO* (total Fe as FeO); CIPW norm calculated with 10% total iron as Fe2
   O3
   , 90% as FeO
   Mineralogy and major elements compositions of volcanic rocks at Southeastern Bali Island
   Mineralogy (modal %)
   N19-21 (Pliocene)
   Ulakan Formation
   TAS diagram (Le Bas et al., 1986)
   Peccerillo and Taylor (1976)
   

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7. 7
   Conclusions
   1
   The Tertiary basaltic lava in southeastern of Bali Island present as pillow lava. They are classified as basalt with
   porphyritic texture of pyroxene and olivine as main phenocrysts with minor abundants of plagioclase
   phenocrysts, in the groundmass of fine grains plagioclase, opaque minerals, pyroxene, and volcanic glass that
   they formed the intersertal texture. Olivine have the forsterite composition (Fo63-92
   ) with normal zoning
   texture. Pyroxene have augite and diopside composition with normal and reverse zoning. Plagioclase in
   groundmass have range composition of bytownite to high-K albite with anortite composition of An3-89
   . In
   geochemically, their basalt have magma series of high-K calc-alkaline - alkaline basalt in the island arc of
   volcanic system and they can devided as nepheline normative mineral basalt (Ne-norm basalt) and
   hypersthene normative mineral basalt (Hy-norm basalt).
   The magmatic condition before eruption in marine environment have temperature of 1160-12900C dan
   pressure of 3-9 kbar, the crystal fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, minor plagioclase, and magma mixing
   with injection of new basaltic magma as important process in their magmatic differentiation before the basaltic
   lava erupted in the marine environment.
   2
   Thank you for your attention
   

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