I wanted a computer, but all I got was a transistor

Transcript

1. I wanted a computer,
   but all I got was a transistor.
   Denis Defreyne
   1
   

   View Slide

2. 2
   I will explain how to build a computer from scratch.
   I cannot do this without taking some shortcuts.
   I will tell lies.
   CAUTION
   

   View Slide

3. View Slide

4. In the beginning,
   the transistor was created.
   4
   

   View Slide

5. 5
   GATE
   SOURCE
   DRAIN
   

   View Slide

6. 6
   GATE
   SOURCE
   DRAIN
   

   View Slide

7. 7
   GATE
   SOURCE
   DRAIN
   

   View Slide

8. View Slide

9. View Slide

10. View Slide

11. View Slide

12. 12
    AND
    

    View Slide

13. View Slide

14. View Slide

15. View Slide

16. View Slide

17. OR
    17
    

    View Slide

18. Now we have gates,
    and we can forget
    about transistors.
    18
    

    View Slide

19. 19
    OR
    AND XOR
    NAND
    NOT
    …
    

    View Slide

20. A B Sum
    0 0 0
    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 0
    20
    

    View Slide

21. A B Carry
    0
    0
    0
    1
    A B Sum Carry
    0 0 0
    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 0
    21
    AND
    XOR
    

    View Slide

22. 22
    AND
    A
    B
    CARRY
    XOR SUM
    

    View Slide

23. ADD
    CARRY
    SUM
    A
    B
    23
    

    View Slide

24. 24
    ADD
    CARRY
    SUM
    A
    B
    CARRY
    

    View Slide

25. 25
    ADD
    SUM
    0
    A
    0
    B
    0
    

    View Slide

26. 26
    ADD
    SUM
    0
    A
    0
    B
    0
    ADD
    SUM
    1
    A
    1
    B
    1
    

    View Slide

27. 27
    ADD
    SUM
    0
    A
    0
    B
    0
    ADD
    SUM
    1
    A
    1
    B
    1
    ADD
    SUM
    0
    A
    0
    B
    0
    ADD
    SUM
    1
    A
    1
    B
    1
    ADD
    A
    2
    B
    2
    SUM
    2
    

    View Slide

28. 28
    ADD
    A
    B
    SUM
    

    View Slide

29. ADD
    00010001
    00000101
    00010110
    29
    

    View Slide

30. ADD
    17
    5
    22
    30
    

    View Slide

31. 31
    ADD R
    A
    B
    MUL R
    A
    B
    DIV R
    A
    B
    MOD R
    A
    B
    

    View Slide

32. A
    B
    ADD
    MUL
    DIV
    MOD
    R
    R
    R
    R
    32
    

    View Slide

33. A
    B
    ADD
    MUL
    DIV
    MOD
    MUX
    S
    R
    33
    

    View Slide

34. 34
    MUX
    

    View Slide

35. 35
    0
    MUX
    

    View Slide

36. 36
    1
    MUX
    

    View Slide

37. 37
    2
    MUX
    

    View Slide

38. 38
    3
    MUX
    

    View Slide

39. 39
    A
    B
    ADD
    MUL
    DIV
    MOD
    MUX
    S
    R
    

    View Slide

40. 40
    ALU R
    A
    B
    S
    

    View Slide

41. A B S Result
    15 7 0 (+) 22
    15 7 1 (*) 105
    15 7 2 (/) 2
    15 7 3 (%) 1
    41
    

    View Slide

42. Now we have
    an arithmetic logic unit.
    42
    

    View Slide

43. 43
    OR NOT
    OR NOT Q
    S
    R
    

    View Slide

44. OR NOT
    OR NOT Q
    S
    R
    44
    

    View Slide

45. OR NOT
    OR NOT Q
    S
    R
    45
    

    View Slide

46. OR NOT
    OR NOT Q
    S
    R
    46
    

    View Slide

47. OR NOT
    OR NOT Q
    S
    R
    47
    

    View Slide

48. OR NOT
    OR NOT Q
    S
    R
    48
    

    View Slide

49. 49
    SR-LATCH
    S
    R
    Q
    set
    reset
    

    View Slide

50. D-LATCH
    D
    E
    Q
    50
    data
    enable write
    

    View Slide

51. 51
    D-LATCH
    D
    0 Q
    0
    D-LATCH
    D
    1 Q
    1
    D-LATCH
    D
    2 Q
    2
    D-LATCH
    D
    3 Q
    3
    D-LATCH
    D
    4 Q
    4
    D-LATCH
    D
    5 Q
    5
    D-LATCH
    D
    6 Q
    6
    D-LATCH
    D
    7 Q
    7
    E
    

    View Slide

52. 52
    REGISTER
    (8 BIT)
    D
    E
    Q
    

    View Slide

53. Now we have registers.
    53
    

    View Slide

54. Q:
    What distinguishes a computer
    from a simple calculator?
    54
    

    View Slide

55. A:
    You can program a computer,
    but not a calculator.
    55
    

    View Slide

56. 56
    OPCODE
    VALUE 1
    VALUE 2
    2
    7
    15
    

    View Slide

57. 57
    OPCODE
    VALUE 1
    VALUE 2
    ALU R
    

    View Slide

58. OPCODE
    VALUE 1
    VALUE 2
    ALU
    REGISTER
    (8 BIT)
    1
    58
    

    View Slide

59. OPCODE
    VALUE 1
    VALUE 2
    ALU
    REGISTER
    FILE
    OUTPUT REG
    1
    59
    

    View Slide

60. OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    INPUT REG 2
    REGISTER
    FILE
    OUTPUT REG
    ALU
    0
    0
    1
    60
    

    View Slide

61. 61
    OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    INPUT REG 2
    OUTPUT REG
    

    View Slide

62. 62
    INSTRUCTION
    REGISTER
    OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    INPUT REG 2
    OUTPUT REG
    

    View Slide

63. 63
    MEMORY
    INSTRUCTION
    REGISTER
    OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    INPUT REG 2
    OUTPUT REG
    

    View Slide

64. MEMORY
    INSTRUCTION
    REGISTER
    OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    INPUT REG 2
    OUTPUT REG
    0
    64
    

    View Slide

65. 65
    INSTRUCTION
    POINTER
    REGISTER
    MEMORY
    INSTRUCTION
    REGISTER
    OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    INPUT REG 2
    OUTPUT REG
    

    View Slide

66. 66
    INSTRUCTION
    POINTER
    REGISTER
    MEMORY
    INSTRUCTION
    REGISTER
    ADD 4
    OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    INPUT REG 2
    OUTPUT REG
    

    View Slide

67. Now we have the hardware
    for a programmable computer,
    and we can forget the hardware.
    67
    

    View Slide

68. 68
    0 3 0 2
    Add register 0 and register 2,
    and store result in register 3: OPCODE
    INPUT REG 1
    OUTPUT REG
    INPUT REG 2
    

    View Slide

69. 69
    “add r3 r0 r2”
    Add register 0 and register 2,
    and store result in register 3:
    

    View Slide

70. 70
    “add r3 r0 r2”
    0 3 0 2
    assembly language
    machine code
    assembler
    

    View Slide

71. 16 0 0 12 127 56 16 1
    0 3 224 211 18 1 0 0
    0 0 7 32 15 2 1 19
    1 0 1 15 0 2 6 12
    14 0 255 0
    71
    

    View Slide

72. li r0, 819000
    li r1, 254163
    cmpi r1, 0
    jeq @end
    mov r2, r1
    mod r1, r0, r1
    mov r0, r2
    jmp @start
    prn r0
    halt
    72
    

    View Slide

73. 73
    cmp
    mod
    add
    sub
    mul
    div
    xor
    or
    and
    shl
    shr
    not
    ARITHMETIC
    

    View Slide

74. 74
    j
    je
    jne
    jg
    jge
    jl
    jle
    cmp
    mod
    add
    sub
    mul
    div
    xor
    or
    and
    shl
    shr
    not
    lw
    lh
    lb
    sw
    sh
    sb
    STACK FUNC
    SPECIAL
    call
    ret
    push
    pop
    prn
    halt
    BRANCHING
    ARITHMETIC
    mov
    li
    MEMORY REG
    

    View Slide

75. DEMO
    75
    

    View Slide

76. github.com/ddfreyne/rcpu
    76
    

    View Slide

77. View Slide

78. 78
    slack @denis / mail denis@soundcloud.com
    Denis Defreyne
    Ask me about Belgian beer.
    

    View Slide