Maritime Transportation from Space: The most important industry you know nothing about.

Congreso Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Aeroespacial (CICTA 2020)

Transcript

1. MARITIME TRANSPORTATION FROM SPACE: THE MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRY YOU KNOW NOTHING ABOUT. Elizabeth Ramirez November 26, 2020
2. ABOUT ME Ingeniera Electrónica Procesamiento de Señales. MSc Applied Mathematics Computational Science and Engineering. Applied Scientist Maritime Intelligence. Spend a lot of my time worrying about how to process remote sensing data efficiently.
3. MARITIME SHIPPING “ The invisible industry that puts clothes on your back, gas in your car, and food on your plate” – Rose George, Ninety Percent of Everything. Without maritime shipping, half the world population would starve, the other half would freeze.
4. WORLD MERCHANT FLEET Around 55000 merchant ships. Source: United Nations
5. WORLD MERCHANT FLEET Source: United Nations
6. INTRODUCTION TO AIS Automatic Identification System. Broadcast system onboard ships, operating in the VHF band. Collision Avoidance. Required by IMO since 2004, all ships > 300 GT. Uses Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access (SOTDMA). Broadcasts position and speed up to every 2 seconds.
7. AIS MESSAGES Uses NMEA 0183 standard !AIVDM,1,1,,B,402HW21v:9e5;OIAHVMbgrA00D0T,0*13 !AIVDM: The NMEA message type 1 Number of sentences 1 Sentence number The blank is the sequential message ID B The AIS channel (A or B) 402H;... The encoded AIS data, using AIS-ASCII6 0* End of data, number of unused bits at end of encoded data 13 NMEA checksum
8. AIS MESSAGE PAYLOAD Ships are uniquely identified by MMSI. E.g. 373481000 corresponds to a bulk carrier named EVER GRAND with flag of convenience Panama.
9. AIS POSITION REPORT !AIVDM,1,1,,A,15T;N:001n2OgpQdput2QR4T0000,0*19 TIMESTAMP: 2019-12-31 22:55:27 UTC MMSI: 373481000 LONGITUDE: 34.89752 LATITUDE:-33.3969333333 SPEED: 11.8 COURSE:64.6 HEADING: 66 ROT:0 STATUS: 0
10. AIS STATIC REPORT !AIVDM,2,1,0,B,55T;N:02BdbG<Hp;R20EHE:0M84pB22222222216I0MD<4Hn0P4 jCQhD3lQH,0*7F !AIVDM,2,2,0,B,88888888880,2*27 TIMESTAMP: 2019-12-31 22:55:34 UTC MMSI: 373481000 DRAUGHT: 12.8 SHIP AND CARGO TYPE: 70 DESTINATION: SINGAPORE ETA: 2020-01-17 22:00:00 UTC
11. S-AIS Satellite AIS. Space-borne remote sensing. Usually constellations of nanosats in LEO. To monitor beyond the reach of terrestrial bases (around 50 nm): Open Oceans. Expands the original purpose of AIS to many different applications: S&D, IMO Regulations, Illegal Fishing, Protected Areas, and so on.
12. S-AIS Satellite AIS. Space-borne remote sensing. Usually constellations of nanosats in LEO. To monitor beyond the reach of terrestrial bases (around 50 nm): Open Oceans. Expands the original purpose of AIS to many different applications: S&D, Emissions Regulations, Illegal Fishing, Protected Areas, and so on.
13. S-AIS Known issues: Message collision and receiver saturation. Example: South China Sea.
14. WEATHER Ships are subjected to many resistance forces that have to be overcome: from hydrostatics and weather. The effect of wind and waves on the ship performance can cause speed and incremental fuel consumption up to 30%. TIMESTAMP: 2020-01-03 15:49:24 UTC MMSI: 373481000 COURSE:50.2 HEADING:61
15. WEATHER TIMESTAMP: 2020-01-03 15:49:24 UTC MMSI: 373481000 COURSE:50.2 HEADING:61 Source: ECMWF
16. ERA5 Climate reanalysis data product by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Available for public use (1979 to within 5 days of real time). Hourly estimates of a large number of atmospheric, land, and oceanic climate variables. Covers the Earth on a 30 km grid, with uncertainties for all variables.
17. ERA5 10m u-component of wind 10m v-component of wind Mean wave period Mean wave direction Altimeter wave height Source: ECMWF
18. ERA5 Source: ECMWF
19. RADIO OCCULTATION Source: ECMWF
20. RADIO OCCULTATION Today ECMWF uses 3,000 GPS-RO profiles per day GPS-RO data are less prone to biases than other satellite measurements. Source: ESA
21. DATA ASSIMILATION & REANALYSIS Observational data are combined with output from a numerical model to produce an optimal estimate of the evolving state of the system. When Data Assimilation is used in past data: Reanalysis. ECMWF -> Data Assimilation -> Model -> Weather forecasts
22. ECA AND SECA REGULATIONS International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. Regulates SOx, NOx, CO2, among others
23. FUEL CONSUMPTION & EST CARGO Displacement = Cargo Lightweight of ship + Ballast + Fuel + Fresh water + Constants Fuel Consumption: Speed + Displacement + Weather + Hull & Propeller Roughness
24. THANK YOU @ERAMIREM