ARMマイコンで作るシンセサイザー

超低消費電力のARMマイコンLPC812を使ってFMシンセサイザーを作る方法と、その実装に用いられる乗算の最適化について解説します

Transcript

1. "3.ϚΠίϯͰ࡞Δ
   γϯηαΠβʔ Naomasa Matsubayashi
2. "3.ϚΠίϯͰ࡞Δ
   γϯηαΠβʔ Naomasa Matsubayashi !GBEJT@ 5XJUUFS (JUIVC TMJEFTIBSF IUUQXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUGBEJT IUUQTHJUIVCDPN'BEJT
3. TMJEFTIBSF IUUQXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUGBEJT
4. ੈͷதʹ͸৭Μͳ
   ARM ͕͋Δ
5. Ͱ͔͍ARM "3.
   $PSUFY" BeagleBoard-X15 ARM Cortex-A15 1.5GHz x2 IUUQXXXFMJOVYPSH#FBHMFCPBSE#FBHMF#PBSE9
6. "3.
   $PSUFY. খ͍͞ARM LPC812 ARM Cortex-M0+ 30MHz IUUQXXXOYQMQDDPNMQD@NJDPODPSUFYN MQD
7. ϚΠΫϩίϯτϩʔϥ޲͚ARM
   Cortex-MγϦʔζ Cortex-M7 Cortex-M4 Cortex-M3 Cortex-M1 Cortex-M0+ CortexM0 IUUQBSNDPNKBQSPEVDUTQSPDFTTPSTDPSUFYNJOEFYQIQ
8. ARM໋ྩʹ͸ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ 5IVNC '16 ͷΈ
   5IVNC '16 ͷΈ
   5IVNCͷΈ
   5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ
   5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ
   5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ Cortex-M7 Cortex-M4 Cortex-M3 Cortex-M1 Cortex-M0+ CortexM0 5IVNCͱ͸
   "3.ϓϩηοαͷ΋͏ͭͷ໋ྩηοτɻ
   ໋ྩ͕Մม௕Ͱ"3.໋ྩηοτΑΓϚγϯޠ͕খ͘͞ͳΔɻ
9. ύΠϓϥΠϯ͕୹͍ Cortex-M7 Cortex-M4 Cortex-M3 Cortex-M1 Cortex-M0+ CortexM0 ஈ
   ౤ػత࣮ߦ
   ஈ
   ౤ػత࣮ߦ
   ஈ
   ஈ
   ஈ
   ஈ ౤ػత࣮ߦͱ͸
   ॲཧ͕ඞཁ͔Ͳ͏͔֬ఆ͢Δલ͔Β
   ࣮ߦΛ࢝Ί͓ͯ͘ࣄɻඞཁͳ͔ͬͨΒ࣮ߦ݁ՌΛࣺͯΔɻ
10. MMU͕ແ͍ جຊతʹ04Λಈ͔͢͜ͱ͸૝ఆ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ ..6ͱ͸
    ϝϞϦ؅ཧϢχοτɻԾ૝ΞυϨεͱ
    ෺ཧΞυϨεͷม׵ɺٴͼϝϞϦอޢΛߦ͏ϋʔυ΢ΣΞɻ Cortex-M7/M4/M3/M0+ʹ͸
    ϝϞϦอޢϢχοτ͚ͩ͸උΘ͍ͬͯΔ IUUQXXXMJOVYBSNPSH-JOVY,FSOFM-JOVY. ͨͩ͠-JOVYΛಈ͔ͯ͠͠·ͬͨਓ͸ډΔ Ծ૝ΞυϨεͷม׵͸ग़དྷͳ͍
11. ARMʹͯ͠͸஗͍ %.*14.)[ͱ͸
    %ISZTUPOFϕϯνϚʔΫΛඵؒʹ࣮ߦ Ͱ͖ͨճ਺Λप೾਺Ͱׂͬͨ΋ͷɻେ͖͍ఔΫϩοΫลΓͷ ੑೳ͕ྑ͍ɻ଎͍"3.ͩͱҎ্ɺY@ͩͱҎ্ɻ .)[
    .)[
    .)[
    .)[
    .)[ Cortex-M7 Cortex-M4 Cortex-M3 Cortex-M0+ CortexM0 
    
    
    
     %.*14.)[ ΫϩοΫ
12. ͍҆ Ϛϧπͱ͸
    ळ༿ݪͷຊళΛ͸͡ΊશࠃΧॴʹ͋Δిࢠ෦ ඼԰͞Μɻೖ໳Ωοτ͔Βಛघ༻్ͷੴ·Ͱ෯޿͍඼ἧ͑ɻ NXP LPC812ͷ৔߹ ϚϧπͰݸ IUUQXXXNBSVUTVDPKQQDJ 110ԁ ੫ൈ
13. ௿ফඅిྗ NXP LPC812ͷ৔߹ ࠷େΫϩοΫ MHz ࣌
    10.89mW ׂΓࠐΈ଴ػ࣌
    5.28µW ΫϩοΫΛ௿Ίʹઃఆ͢Ε͹
    ίΠϯܕϦν΢Ϝి஑Ͱ΋ಈ͘
14. ARM
    $PSUFY.Ͱಈ͘
    όΠφϦΛ࡞Ζ͏
15. mbed ϒϥ΢β্Ͱಈ͘౷߹։ൃ؀ڥ IUUQTNCFEPSH
16. mbed ৭Μͳ$PSUFY.ϚΠίϯ޲͚ͷ
    όΠφϦΛు͚Δ
17. mbed ৭ΜͳσόΠεͷυϥΠό͕
    ࠷ॳ͔Β༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
18. mbed
19. mbed 64#ετϨʔδΛϚ΢ϯτ ΠʔαωοτυϥΠό )551αʔό %)$1ͰΞυϨεΛ໯ͬͯ͘Δ )551αʔόΛ൪ϙʔτʹCJOE ڻҟͷϨΠϠʔͷߴ͞
20. μϝͩ
    ΋ͬͱϨΠϠʔΛԼ͛ΔΜͩ
21. BSNOPOFFBCJH ϩʔΧϧͷHDDͰϏϧυ͠Α͏
22. CMSIS Cortex-M޲͚ͷ
    ϋʔυ΢ΣΞந৅ԽϨΠϠʔ ARM͕ࣾΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛఆΊͯ
    ϚΠίϯͷϕϯμ͕࣮૷͢Δ ҧ͏ϕϯμͷϚΠίϯʹҠߦͯ͠΋
    جຊతͳػೳͷ࢖͍ํ͸ҰॹͰशಘָ͕
23. Cortex-MϚΠίϯ CMSIS mbedϥΠϒϥϦ mbedίϛϡχςΟ ϖϦϑΣϥϧϥΠϒϥϦ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ mbed͸CMSISͷ্Ͱಈ͘ Πʔαωοτ
    υϥΠό
    ͱ͔͸͜͜ )551αʔό
    ͱ͔͸͜͜ σόΠεͷ
    ॳظԽ
    ͱ͔͸͜͜ ͜͜·Ͱ͸࢖͍͍ͨ
24. mbedͷιʔείʔυ͸
    githubͰެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ ֤ϚΠίϯ޲͚ͷCMSISͷ࣮૷΋ೖ͍ͬͯΔ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNNCFENJDSPNCFE CMSIS
25. ldscript NCFEͷϠπ͸
    "3.७ਖ਼ίϯύΠϥ༻ʹॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔ METDSJQUͱ͸
    ϦϯΧʹ౉͢ઃఆϑΝΠϧɻόΠφϦΠϝʔδ ͷͲ͜ʹԿ͕ஔ͔ΕΔ͔Λهड़͢Δɻ
26. MEMORY {! flash (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 16K! ram (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x10000000, LENGTH = 4K! }! ENTRY(Reset_Handler)! SECTIONS {! .text : {! KEEP(*(.isr_vector))! *(.text*)! KEEP(*(.init))! KEEP(*(.fini))! *crtbegin.o(.ctors)! *crtbegin?.o(.ctors)! *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors)! *(SORT(.ctors.*))! *(.ctors)! *crtbegin.o(.dtors)! *crtbegin?.o(.dtors)! *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors)! *(SORT(.dtors.*))! *(.dtors)! *(.rodata*)! KEEP(*(.eh_frame*))! } > flash! .ARM.extab : {! *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)! } > flash! __exidx_start = .;! .ARM.exidx : {! *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)! } > flash! __exidx_end = .;! __etext__ = .;! .data : AT(__etext__) {! __data_values__ = LOADADDR(.data);! __data_begin__ = .;! *(vtable)! *(.data*)! 3".ͱϑϥογϡϝϞϦͷ
    ։࢝ΞυϨεͱαΠζ͸
    ී௨σʔλγʔτʹॻ͍ͯ͋Δ
    ! ࠓճ࢖͏-1$ͷ৘ใ͸
    ҎԼͷ63-͔ΒḷΕΔ IUUQXXXOYQMQDDPNMQD@NJDPODPSUFYN MQD ldscript
27. MEMORY {! flash (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 16K! ram (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x10000000, LENGTH = 4K! }! ENTRY(Reset_Handler)! SECTIONS {! .text : {! KEEP(*(.isr_vector))! *(.text*)! KEEP(*(.init))! KEEP(*(.fini))! *crtbegin.o(.ctors)! *crtbegin?.o(.ctors)! *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .ctors)! *(SORT(.ctors.*))! *(.ctors)! *crtbegin.o(.dtors)! *crtbegin?.o(.dtors)! *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend?.o *crtend.o) .dtors)! *(SORT(.dtors.*))! *(.dtors)! *(.rodata*)! KEEP(*(.eh_frame*))! } > flash! .ARM.extab : {! *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)! } > flash! __exidx_start = .;! .ARM.exidx : {! *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)! } > flash! __exidx_end = .;! __etext__ = .;! .data : AT(__etext__) {! __data_values__ = LOADADDR(.data);! __data_begin__ = .;! *(vtable)! *(.data*)! . = ALIGN(4);! ϑϥογϡϝϞϦʹ͸
    ! ׂΓࠐΈϕΫλ
    Ϛγϯޠ
    ॻ͖มΘΒͳ͍σʔλ
    ! Λஔ͘ ldscript
28. .ARM.exidx : {! *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)! } > flash! __exidx_end = .;! __etext__ = .;! .data : AT(__etext__) {! __data_values__ = LOADADDR(.data);! __data_begin__ = .;! *(vtable)! *(.data*)! . = ALIGN(4);! PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);! KEEP(*(.preinit_array))! PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);! . = ALIGN(4);! PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);! KEEP(*(SORT(.init_array.*)))! KEEP(*(.init_array))! PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);! . = ALIGN(4);! PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);! KEEP(*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))! KEEP(*(.fini_array))! PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);! . = ALIGN(4);! __data_end__ = .;! } > ram! .bss : {! __bss_begin__ = .;! *(.bss*)! *(COMMON)! __bss_end__ = .;! } > ram! __stack_begin__ = .;! .stack_dummy : {! *(.stack)! } > ram! __stack_end__ = .;! } 3".ʹ͸
    ! WUBCMF
    ॻ͖มΘΔσʔλ
    ελοΫ
    ! Λஔ͘ ldscript
29. ϓϩάϥϜ͕ىಈ͔ͯ͠Β
    NBJOؔ਺ʹೖΔ·ͰͷॲཧΛॻ͍ͨ΋ͷ ىಈ άϩʔόϧม਺ͷॳظ஋Λઃఆ άϩʔόϧม਺ͷίϯετϥΫλΛ࣮ߦ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞͷॳظԽ main()ʹδϟϯϓ ελʔτΞοϓϧʔνϯ
30. NCFEͷϠπ͸ྫʹΑͬͯ
    "3.७ਖ਼ίϯύΠϥ༻ʹॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔ ελʔτΞοϓϧʔνϯ
31. ελʔτΞοϓϧʔνϯ Reset_Handler:! ldr r1, =__etext__! ldr r2, =__data_begin__! ldr r3, =__data_end__! ldr r0, =init_data! blx r0! ldr r0, =init_bss! blx r0! ldr r0, =run_preinit! blx r0! ldr r0, =run_init! blx r0! ldr r0, =SystemInit! blx r0! ldr r0, =main! blx r0! .pool ! .size Reset_Handler, . - Reset_Handler
32. ελʔτΞοϓϧʔνϯ Reset_Handler:! ldr r1, =__etext__! ldr r2, =__data_begin__! ldr r3, =__data_end__! ldr r0, =init_data! blx r0! ldr r0, =init_bss! blx r0! ldr r0, =run_preinit! blx r0! ldr r0, =run_init! blx r0! ldr r0, =SystemInit! blx r0! ldr r0, =main! blx r0! .pool ! .size Reset_Handler, . - Reset_Handler ΞηϯϒϦͰ֨ಆͨ͘͠ͳ͍ͷͰ
    $Ͱ࣮૷ͨ͠ॳظԽίʔυʹඈͿ
33. ελʔτΞοϓϧʔνϯ Reset_Handler:! ldr r1, =__etext__! ldr r2, =__data_begin__! ldr r3, =__data_end__! ldr r0, =init_data! blx r0! ldr r0, =init_bss! blx r0! ldr r0, =run_preinit! blx r0! ldr r0, =run_init! blx r0! ldr r0, =SystemInit! blx r0! ldr r0, =main! blx r0! .pool ! .size Reset_Handler, . - Reset_Handler σόΠεͷॳظԽ͸
    CMSISʹ͓·͔ͤ
34. void run_preinit(void) {! int *cur = &__preinit_array_start;! for( ; cur < &__preinit_array_end; cur++ ) {! void (*f)(void) = (void *)*cur;! (*f)();! }! }! void run_init(void) {! int *cur = &__init_array_start;! for( ; cur < &__init_array_end; cur++ ) {! void (*f)(void) = (void *)*cur;! (*f)();! }! }! void init_data(void) {! unsigned char *src = &__data_values__;! unsigned char *dest = &__data_begin__;! unsigned int len = &__data_end__ - &__data_begin__;! while( len-- ) *dest++ = *src++;! }! void init_bss(void) {! unsigned char *dest = &__bss_begin__;! unsigned int len = &__bss_end__ - &__bss_begin__;! while( len-- ) *dest++ = 0;! }
35. void run_preinit(void) {! int *cur = &__preinit_array_start;! for( ; cur < &__preinit_array_end; cur++ ) {! void (*f)(void) = (void *)*cur;! (*f)();! }! }! void run_init(void) {! int *cur = &__init_array_start;! for( ; cur < &__init_array_end; cur++ ) {! void (*f)(void) = (void *)*cur;! (*f)();! }! }! void init_data(void) {! unsigned char *src = &__data_values__;! unsigned char *dest = &__data_begin__;! unsigned int len = &__data_end__ - &__data_begin__;! while( len-- ) *dest++ = *src++;! }! void init_bss(void) {! unsigned char *dest = &__bss_begin__;! unsigned int len = &__bss_end__ - &__bss_begin__;! while( len-- ) *dest++ = 0;! } RAMʹஔ͍͓ͯ͘σʔλΛ
    ϑϥογϡϝϞϦ͔Βίϐʔ
36. void run_preinit(void) {! int *cur = &__preinit_array_start;! for( ; cur < &__preinit_array_end; cur++ ) {! void (*f)(void) = (void *)*cur;! (*f)();! }! }! void run_init(void) {! int *cur = &__init_array_start;! for( ; cur < &__init_array_end; cur++ ) {! void (*f)(void) = (void *)*cur;! (*f)();! }! }! void init_data(void) {! unsigned char *src = &__data_values__;! unsigned char *dest = &__data_begin__;! unsigned int len = &__data_end__ - &__data_begin__;! while( len-- ) *dest++ = *src++;! }! void init_bss(void) {! unsigned char *dest = &__bss_begin__;! unsigned int len = &__bss_end__ - &__bss_begin__;! while( len-- ) *dest++ = 0;! } άϩʔόϧΦϒδΣΫτͷ
    ίϯετϥΫλͱ͔Λ࣮ߦ
37. LEDΛ఺໓ͤͯ͞ΈΑ͏
38. #include "LPC8xx.h"! extern "C"! __attribute__((interrupt("IRQ")))! void SysTick_Handler(void) {! LPC_GPIO_PORT->NOT0 = ( 1 << 16 );! }! int main() {! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKCTRL |= (1 << 6);! LPC_GPIO_PORT->DIR0 |= ( 1 << 16 );! SysTick_Config( 6000000 );! while( 1 );! }
39. #include "LPC8xx.h"! extern "C"! __attribute__((interrupt("IRQ")))! void SysTick_Handler(void) {! LPC_GPIO_PORT->NOT0 = ( 1 << 16 );! }! int main() {! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKCTRL |= (1 << 6);! LPC_GPIO_PORT->DIR0 |= ( 1 << 16 );! SysTick_Config( 6000000 );! while( 1 );! } SysTickλΠϚʔͷׂΓࠐΈ͕ൃੜͨ͠Β ൪໨ͷGPIOͷ஋Λ൓స @@BUUSJCVUF@@ JOUFSSVQU l*32z ͱ͸
    ͜ΕΛࢦఆͯ͠
    ͓͘ͱHDDׂ͕ΓࠐΈΤϯτϦϧʔνϯΛ෇͚ͯ͘ΕΔ
40. #include "LPC8xx.h"! extern "C"! __attribute__((interrupt("IRQ")))! void SysTick_Handler(void) {! LPC_GPIO_PORT->NOT0 = ( 1 << 16 );! }! int main() {! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKCTRL |= (1 << 6);! LPC_GPIO_PORT->DIR0 |= ( 1 << 16 );! SysTick_Config( 6000000 );! while( 1 );! } GPIO΁ͷΫϩοΫΛ༗ޮʹͯ͠
    ൪໨Λग़ྗϞʔυʹ੾Γସ͑ SysTick͕6,000,000Χ΢ϯτ͢Δ౓ʹ
    SysTickׂΓࠐΈΛൃੜͤ͞ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
41. LPC812͸
    ىಈ࣌͸12MHzͰಈ͍͍ͯΔ SysTick͕
    6,000,000Χ΢ϯτ͢Δʹ͸
    0.5ඵ͔͔Δ 0.5ඵຖʹGPIOͷग़ྗ͕
    ൓స͢Δ͸ͣ
42. IUUQZPVUVCF(ZQE(%N*D
43. ୈճΧʔωϧ7.ؔ੢Ͱ঺հͨ͠ωλ 100MHzͷCortex-M3ϚΠίϯΛ࢖ͬͯ
    FMԻݯͱ͔Λ࡞Δ࿩ γϯηαΠβʔೖ໳
44. MHzͷCortex-M0+Ͱ΋ γϯηαΠβʔ͕࡞ΕΔͷͰ͸
45. ԻΛग़ͤΔΑ͏ʹ͠Α͏
46. ϚΠίϯʹ%"$͕ແ͍ͷͰ
    41*ʹ%"$ΛͿΒԼ͛Δ 7 "3.ϚΠίϯ
    -1$ 41*
    %"$
    .$1 Ξϯϓ*$
    )57 1*0@ 1*0@ 1*0@ 7%% 744 7%% "744 $4 4$-, 4%* 73&' 7065" 744 LЊ Ж' Ж' Ж' 7%% 744 73&' "6%*/ 065/ 0651
47. void init_dac() {! NVIC_DisableIRQ( (IRQn_Type)( SPI0_IRQn ) );! NVIC_SetPriority(SPI0_IRQn, 0); ! do {! NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(SPI0_IRQn); ! } while(NVIC_GetPendingIRQ(SPI0_IRQn) != 0);! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKCTRL |= (1 << 11);! LPC_SPI0->DLY = 4;! LPC_SPI0->DIV = 2;! LPC_SPI0->TXCTRL = (16-1)<<24 | 1<<22 | ( 1 << 20 );! LPC_SPI0->CFG = (1<<5)|(1<<4)|(1<<2);! switch_matrix::bind_SPI0_SSEL_IO( 8 ); ! switch_matrix::bind_SPI0_SCK_IO( 9 );! switch_matrix::bind_SPI0_MOSI_IO( 1 );! LPC_SPI0->INTENSET = 0x0;! NVIC_EnableIRQ( (IRQn_Type)( SPI0_IRQn ) );! LPC_SPI0->TXDAT = 2048 | ( 1 << 13 )|( 1 << 12 );! }! void set_dac( uint16_t value ) {! value &= 4095;! LPC_SPI0->TXDAT = value | ( 1 << 13 )|( 1 << 12 );! }
48. void init_dac() {! NVIC_DisableIRQ( (IRQn_Type)( SPI0_IRQn ) );! NVIC_SetPriority(SPI0_IRQn, 0); ! do {! NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(SPI0_IRQn); ! } while(NVIC_GetPendingIRQ(SPI0_IRQn) != 0);! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKCTRL |= (1 << 11);! LPC_SPI0->DLY = 4;! LPC_SPI0->DIV = 2;! LPC_SPI0->TXCTRL = (16-1)<<24 | 1<<22 | ( 1 << 20 );! LPC_SPI0->CFG = (1<<5)|(1<<4)|(1<<2);! switch_matrix::bind_SPI0_SSEL_IO( 8 ); ! switch_matrix::bind_SPI0_SCK_IO( 9 );! switch_matrix::bind_SPI0_MOSI_IO( 1 );! LPC_SPI0->INTENSET = 0x0;! NVIC_EnableIRQ( (IRQn_Type)( SPI0_IRQn ) );! LPC_SPI0->TXDAT = 2048 | ( 1 << 13 )|( 1 << 12 );! }! void set_dac( uint16_t value ) {! value &= 4095;! LPC_SPI0->TXDAT = value | ( 1 << 13 )|( 1 << 12 );! } LPC812ͷSPI͸
    Ұ౓ʹ16bit·ͰૹΕΔ MCP4821 ࠓճ࢖ͬͨDAC ͸
    16bitૹΔຖʹग़ྗ͕ߋ৽͞ΕΔ ૹ৴׬ྃ࣌ͷׂΓࠐΈ͕ཁΒͳ͍
    ૹ৴όοϑΝ΋ཁΒͳ͍
    ΍ͬͨͶ
49. void init_system_clock() {! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKDIV = 2;! LPC_SYSCON->SYSPLLCTRL = 0x24;! }! int main() {! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKCTRL |= (1 << 6);! LPC_SYSCON->SYSAHBCLKCTRL |= (1 << 18);! LPC_GPIO_PORT->DIR0 |= ( 1 << 8 );! LPC_GPIO_PORT->DIR0 |= ( 1 << 9 );! LPC_GPIO_PORT->DIR0 |= ( 1 << 1 );! init_system_clock();! init_dac();! SysTick_Config( 1875*2 );! while( 1 );! } $16ͷΫϩοΫΛ.)[ʹͯ͠
    SysTickΛ8kHzʹઃఆ
50. uint16_t step = 0;! ! extern "C"! __attribute__((interrupt("IRQ")))! void SysTick_Handler(void) {! set_dac( step << 5 );! ++step;! } SysTickׂΓࠐΈ͕ൃੜͨ͠Β Χ΢ϯλͷ஋ΛDACʹૹΔ ͜ΕͰϊίΪϦ೾͕ग़Δ͸ͣ
51. IUUQZPVUVCFGBK-LMLQ/*
52. Ի৭Λܭࢉ͠Α͏
54. μΠφϛοΫϨϯδѹॖ ΦʔσΟΦόοϑΝ ΦϖϨʔλ࿨Ի'.Իݯ
55. ͷݻఆখ਺఺਺Λ࢖͏ ුಈখ਺ԋࢉث͕ແ͍ ੔਺෦CJUූ߸෇͖੔਺ খ਺෦CJUූ߸ແ͠੔਺ ੔਺͔Βݻఆখ਺఺਺΁ͷม׵͸ࠨʹCJUγϑτ ݻఆখ਺఺਺͔Β੔਺΁ͷม׵͸ӈʹCJUγϑτ
56. ϒϩοΫ୯ҐͰܭࢉ 1$.ͷαϯϓϧ͸L)[͸ͳ͍ͱ
    ·ͱ΋ͳԻʹฉ͑͜ͳ͍ Իྔͷ্͛Լ͛΍Ωʔͷঢ়ଶ͸
    ΋ͬͱ௿͍ස౓Ͱ͔͠มԽ͠ͳ͍ ϒϩοΫ ϒϩοΫͷதͰ͸Իྔ΍ΩʔͷมԽ͸
    ແࢹͰ͖Δ΋ͷͱ͢Δ
57. प೾਺ͷ௿͍೾΍ઢܗͳ஋ͷมԽ͸
    ؒҾ͍ͯܭࢉग़དྷΔ ิؒ ิؒ ิؒ ิؒ ඞཁͳαϯϓϧ਺
    ܭࢉͨ͠αϯϓϧ਺
    ͝·͔ͨ͠αϯϓϧ਺ 
    
     ϒϩοΫ୯ҐͰܭࢉ
58. IUUQZPVUVCF0B6NO0Y[6*
59. ܭࢉΛ଎͘͠Α͏
60. CJUͷ੔਺ಉ࢜ͷ৐ࢉͷ݁Ռ͸
    ࠷େͰCJUͷ੔਺ʹͳΔ FFFFFFFF! FFFFFFFF CJU CJU CJU FFFFFFFE00000001 *
61. ৐ࢉ໋ྩNVM͸
    CJUͱCJUΛֻ͚ͯ
    ݁ՌͷԼCJUΛಘΔ IUUQJOGPDFOUFSBSNDPNIFMQJOEFYKTQ UPQJD DPNBSNEPDEVJJK$JIJIHHKIUNM
62. FFFF.FFFF! FFFF.FFFF FFFFFFFE.00000001 * ͷݻఆখ਺఺਺ಉ࢜ͷ
    ৐ࢉͷ݁Ռ͸
    ͷݻఆখ਺఺਺ʹͳΔ ݁ՌΛͰಘΔʹ͸
    CJU໨͔ΒCJU໨·Ͱ͕ཉ͍͠
63. FFFF.FFFF! FFFF.FFFF FFFFFFFE.00000001 * ݁ՌΛͰಘΔʹ͸
    CJU໨͔ΒCJU໨·Ͱ͕ཉ͍͠ ৐ࢉ݁ՌͷCJU໨Ҏ্ͷ஋͕ඞཁ
64. CJUͱCJUΛֻ͚ͯ
    ݁ՌΛCJUͰಘΔ໋ྩ
    NVMM
65. inline constexpr self_type operator*(! const self_type &y! ) const {! return self_type(! (! static_cast< double_type >( base ) *! static_cast< double_type >( y.base )! ) >> Shift::value, raw()! );! } NVMM͕࢖ΘΕΔ͜ͱΛظ଴ͯ͠
    ৐ࢉΛ͜Μͳ෩ʹ࣮૷͍ͯͨ͠
66. …! 00001374 <__aeabi_lmul>:! 1374: 469c mov ip, r3! 1376: 0403 lsls r3, r0, #16! 1378: b5f0 push {r4, r5, r6, r7, lr}! 137a: 0c1b lsrs r3, r3, #16! 137c: 0417 lsls r7, r2, #16! 137e: 0c3f lsrs r7, r7, #16! 1380: 0c15 lsrs r5, r2, #16! 1382: 1c1e adds r6, r3, #0! 1384: 1c04 adds r4, r0, #0! 1386: 0c00 lsrs r0, r0, #16! 1388: 437e muls r6, r7! 138a: 436b muls r3, r5! 138c: 4347 muls r7, r0! 138e: 4345 muls r5, r0! 1390: 18fb adds r3, r7, r3! 1392: 0c30 lsrs r0, r6, #16! 1394: 1818 adds r0, r3, r0! 1396: 4287 cmp r7, r0! 1398: d902 bls.n 13a0 <__aeabi_lmul+0x2c>! 139a: 2380 movs r3, #128 ; 0x80! ݱ࣮
67. 1392: 0c30 lsrs r0, r6, #16! 1394: 1818 adds r0, r3, r0! 1396: 4287 cmp r7, r0! 1398: d902 bls.n 13a0 <__aeabi_lmul+0x2c>! 139a: 2380 movs r3, #128 ; 0x80! 139c: 025b lsls r3, r3, #9! 139e: 18ed adds r5, r5, r3! 13a0: 0c03 lsrs r3, r0, #16! 13a2: 18ed adds r5, r5, r3! 13a4: 4663 mov r3, ip! 13a6: 435c muls r4, r3! 13a8: 434a muls r2, r1! 13aa: 0436 lsls r6, r6, #16! 13ac: 0c36 lsrs r6, r6, #16! 13ae: 18a1 adds r1, r4, r2! 13b0: 0400 lsls r0, r0, #16! 13b2: 1980 adds r0, r0, r6! 13b4: 1949 adds r1, r1, r5! 13b6: bdf0 pop {r4, r5, r6, r7, pc}! … ݱ࣮ mull͸࢖ΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍
68. ARM໋ྩʹ͸ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ 5IVNC '16 ͷΈ
    5IVNC '16 ͷΈ
    5IVNCͷΈ
    5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ
    5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ
    5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ Cortex-M7 Cortex-M4 Cortex-M3 Cortex-M1 Cortex-M0+ CortexM0 5IVNCͱ͸
    "3.ϓϩηοαͷ΋͏ͭͷ໋ྩηοτɻ
    ໋ྩ͕Մม௕Ͱ"3.໋ྩηοτΑΓϚγϯޠ͕খ͘͞ͳΔɻ
69. ARM໋ྩʹ͸ରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ 5IVNC '16 ͷΈ
    5IVNC '16 ͷΈ
    5IVNCͷΈ
    5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ
    5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ
    5IVNCͷҰ෦͚ͩ Cortex-M7 Cortex-M4 Cortex-M3 Cortex-M1 Cortex-M0+ CortexM0 5IVNCͱ͸
    "3.ϓϩηοαͷ΋͏ͭͷ໋ྩηοτɻ
    ໋ྩ͕Մม௕Ͱ"3.໋ྩηοτΑΓϚγϯޠ͕খ͘͞ͳΔɻ Ұ෦ͱ͸
70. NPW
    NPWX
    NPWU
    BEE
    BED
    BES
    TVC
    TCD
    STC
    NVM
    NMB
    NMT
    TNVMM
    VNVMM
    TNMBM
    VNMBM
    TEJW
    VEJW
    TTBU
    VTBU
    DNQ
    DNO
    BOE
    FPS
    PSS
    PSO
    CJD
    NWO
    UTU
    UFR
    MTM
    MTS
    BTS
    SPS
    SSY
    DM[
    MES
    MESI
    MESC
    MESTI
    MESTC
    MESU
    MESIU
    MESCU
    MESTIU
    MESTCU
    MESE
    MEN
    TUS
    TUSI
    TUSC
    TUSTI
    TUSTC
    TUSU
    TUSIU
    TUSCU
    TUSTIU
    TUSTCU
    TUSE
    TUN
    QVTI
    QPQ
    MESFY
    MESFYI
    MESFYC
    TUSFY
    TUSFYI
    TUSFYC
    DMSFY
    C
    CM
    CY
    CMY
    DC[
    DC[O
    UCC
    UCI
    TWD
    JU
    DQTJE
    DQTJF
    NST
    NTS
    CLQU
    TYUI
    TYUC
    VYUI
    VYUC
    VCGY
    TCGY
    CGD
    CGJ
    SFW
    SFW
    SFWTI
    SCJU
    TFW
    XFG
    XGJ
    OPQ
    JTC
    ENC
    ETC M7/M4/M3 Ҡಈ
    Ճࢉ
    ݮࢉ
    ৐ࢉ
    আࢉ
    ๞࿨ԋࢉ
    ൺֱ
    ࿦ཧԋࢉ
    γϑτ
    ϩʔυ
    ετΞ
    ελοΫૢ࡞
    ηϚϑΥ
    ෼ذ
    ঢ়ଶมߋ
    ܕͷ֦ு
    ϏοτϑΟʔϧυ
    Ϗοτྻ൓స
    ώϯτ
    όϦΞ ARMv7m
71. NPW
    NPWX
    NPWU
    BEE
    BED
    BES
    TVC
    TCD
    STC
    NVM
    NMB
    NMT
    TNVMM
    VNVMM
    TNMBM
    VNMBM
    TEJW
    VEJW
    TTBU
    VTBU
    DNQ
    DNO
    BOE
    FPS
    PSS
    PSO
    CJD
    NWO
    UTU
    UFR
    MTM
    MTS
    BTS
    SPS
    SSY
    DM[
    MES
    MESI
    MESC
    MESTI
    MESTC
    MESU
    MESIU
    MESCU
    MESTIU
    MESTCU
    MESE
    MEN
    TUS
    TUSI
    TUSC
    TUSTI
    TUSTC
    TUSU
    TUSIU
    TUSCU
    TUSTIU
    TUSTCU
    TUSE
    TUN
    QVTI
    QPQ
    MESFY
    MESFYI
    MESFYC
    TUSFY
    TUSFYI
    TUSFYC
    DMSFY
    C
    CM
    CY
    CMY
    DC[
    DC[O
    UCC
    UCI
    TWD
    JU
    DQTJE
    DQTJF
    NST
    NTS
    CLQU
    TYUI
    TYUC
    VYUI
    VYUC
    VCGY
    TCGY
    CGD
    CGJ
    SFW
    SFW
    SFWTI
    SCJU
    TFW
    XFG
    XGJ
    ZFJME
    OPQ
    JTC
    ENC
    ETC Ҡಈ
    Ճࢉ
    ݮࢉ
    ৐ࢉ
    আࢉ
    ๞࿨ԋࢉ
    ൺֱ
    ࿦ཧԋࢉ
    γϑτ
    ϩʔυ
    ετΞ
    ελοΫૢ࡞
    ηϚϑΥ
    ෼ذ
    ঢ়ଶมߋ
    ܕͷ֦ு
    ϏοτϑΟʔϧυ
    Ϗοτྻ൓స
    ώϯτ
    όϦΞ M1/M0+/M0 ARMv6m
72. M1/M0+/M0 NPW
    NPWX
    NPWU
    BEE
    BED
    BES
    TVC
    TCD
    STC
    NVM
    NMB
    NMT
    TNVMM
    VNVMM
    TNMBM
    VNMBM
    TEJW
    VEJW
    TTBU
    VTBU
    DNQ
    DNO
    BOE
    FPS
    PSS
    PSO
    CJD
    NWO
    UTU
    UFR
    MTM
    MTS
    BTS
    SPS
    SSY
    DM[
    MES
    MESI
    MESC
    MESTI
    MESTC
    MESU
    MESIU
    MESCU
    MESTIU
    MESTCU
    MESE
    MEN
    TUS
    TUSI
    TUSC
    TUSTI
    TUSTC
    TUSU
    TUSIU
    TUSCU
    TUSTIU
    TUSTCU
    TUSE
    TUN
    QVTI
    QPQ
    MESFY
    MESFYI
    MESFYC
    TUSFY
    TUSFYI
    TUSFYC
    DMSFY
    C
    CM
    CY
    CMY
    DC[
    DC[O
    UCC
    UCI
    TWD
    JU
    DQTJE
    DQTJF
    NST
    NTS
    CLQU
    TYUI
    TYUC
    VYUI
    VYUC
    VCGY
    TCGY
    CGD
    CGJ
    SFW
    SFW
    SFWTI
    SCJU
    TFW
    XFG
    XGJ
    ZFJME
    OPQ
    JTC
    ENC
    ETC Ҡಈ
    Ճࢉ
    ݮࢉ
    ৐ࢉ
    আࢉ
    ๞࿨ԋࢉ
    ൺֱ
    ࿦ཧԋࢉ
    γϑτ
    ϩʔυ
    ετΞ
    ελοΫૢ࡞
    ηϚϑΥ
    ෼ذ
    ঢ়ଶมߋ
    ܕͷ֦ு
    ϏοτϑΟʔϧυ
    Ϗοτྻ൓స
    ώϯτ
    όϦΞ ARMv6m NVMM͸٘ਜ਼ʹͳͬͨͷͩ NVM
    NMB
    NMT
    TNVMM
    VNVMM
    TNMBM
    VNMBM
73. NVMMແ͠ͰͲ͏΍ͬͯ
    ݁Ռ͕CJUͷ৐ࢉΛ͢Δ͔ a b a*d b*d * c d a*c b*c ((a*c)<<32)+((a*d+b*c)<<16)+b*d BCDE͸ͦΕͧΕCJU චࢉͷཁྖͰCJUͮͭ
    ܭࢉ͍ͯ͘͠
74. a b a*d b*d * c d a*c b*c ((a*c)<<32)+((a*d+b*c)<<16)+b*d αϯϓϧຖʹ͜ΜͳܭࢉΛ
    Կ౓΋͍ͯͨ͠Βؒʹ߹Θͳ͍
75. CJUͷ৐ࢉΛ
    ճආͤΑ
76. ݁Ռ͕໌Β͔ͳ৔߹ CJU໨͔ΒCJU໨͸໌Β͔ͳͷͰ
    CJU໨͔ΒCJU໨·Ͱ͕ཉ͍͠ ͜ͷܭࢉ͸NVM໋ྩͰͰ͖Δ 0000.FFFF! 0000.FFFF 00000000.FFFE0001 *
77. ݁Ռ͕໌Β͔ͳ৔߹ ࣮͸'.ԻݯͷܭࢉதʹݱΕΔ
    ৐ࢉͷଟ͘ʹ͜Ε͕੒Γཱͭ ADSR FMมௐ Իྔͷ࣌ؒมԽ
    ࠷େ ྆ลڞʹͷ৔߹ͷΈ
    ஫ҙ͢Ε͹NVMͰ0,
78. ࣮͸'.ԻݯͷܭࢉதʹݱΕΔ
    ৐ࢉͷຆͲʹ͜Ε͕੒Γཱͭ ϛΩαʔ J M J M J M J M J J J J M M M M ೖྗ͸'.ΦϖϨʔλͷग़ྗͳͷͰ࠷େ
    ॏΈ͸શ෦͋Θͤͯ࠷େ
    ྆ลڞʹͷ৔߹ͷΈ஫ҙ͢Ε͹NVMͰ0, ݁Ռ͕໌Β͔ͳ৔߹
79. ݻఆখ਺఺਺ͱ੔਺ͷ৐ࢉ FFFF.FFFF! FFFF FFFEFFFF.0001 * ݁ՌΛͰಘΔʹ͸
    CJU໨͔ΒCJU໨·Ͱ͕ཉ͍͠ ͜ͷܭࢉ͸NVM໋ྩͰͰ͖Δ
80.     ʜ ʜ ϒϩοΫͷதͰԿ൪໨ͷαϯϓϧ͔͸
    ੔਺Ͱද͞ΕΔ αϯϓϧͷΠϯσοΫεͱ࣌ࠁͷؔ܎͸ઢܗ U
    
     GT
    
    TT U
     GT
    
    TT ࣌ࠁߦྻ
81. ࣌ࠁߦྻ αϯϓϧͷΠϯσοΫεͱ࣌ࠁͷؔ܎͸ઢܗ YͷߦྻͰදݱग़དྷΔ U͸αϯϓϧͷ࣌ࠁ
    J͸αϯϓϧͷΠϯσοΫε
    GT͸1$.ͷप೾਺
    TT͸͜ͷϒϩοΫͷ࠶ੜ͕࢝·Δ࣌ࠁ
82. τʔϯ࣌ؒ ࣮ࡍͷ࣌ࠁʹରͯ͠
    Իͷप೾਺ഒͰਐߦ͢ΔΫϩοΫ τʔϯ࣌ؒͷখ਺෦෼͚ͩΛऔΓग़͢ͱ
    ҙਤͨ͠प೾਺ͱҐ૬ͷϊίΪϦ೾ʹͳΔ
83. τʔϯߦྻ ࣌ࠁͱτʔϯΫϩοΫͷؔ܎͸ઢܗͳͷͰ
    YͷߦྻͰදݱͰ͖Δ ͜ͷ৐ࢉ͸খ਺ಉ͔࢜ͭ
    ݁Ռͷઈର஋͕Ҏ্ʹͳΔ U͸αϯϓϧͷ࣌ࠁɺUU͸αϯϓϧͷτʔϯ࣌ࠁ
    GU͸ϊʔτͷप೾਺ɺTU͸ϊʔτͷҐ૬
84. ͜ͷ෦෼͕ࣄલʹٻ·͍ͬͯΕ͹
    ΠϯσοΫε͸੔਺ͳͷͰ
    τʔϯΫϩοΫ͸ߴ଎ͳ৐ࢉͰٻ·Δ τʔϯߦྻ ࣌ࠁͱτʔϯΫϩοΫͷؔ܎͸ઢܗͳͷͰ
    YͷߦྻͰදݱͰ͖Δ
85. ϒϩοΫͷ։࢝࣌ࠁ͕ϒϩοΫຖʹมΘΔͷͰ
    ϒϩοΫຖʹ
    ࣌ࠁߦྻͱτʔϯߦྻͷੵΛٻΊΔ ߦྻͷੵͷܭࢉʹ͸஗͍৐ࢉ͕ೖΔ͕
    ϒϩοΫʹ͖ͭճͷ஗͍৐ࢉͰ
    αϯϓϧ୯Ґͷ஗͍৐ࢉΛճආग़དྷΔ
86. ݁Ռ
87. IUUQZPVUVCF%%-4&JSS@"
88. ·ͱΊ খ͞ͳARMʹ͸
    େ͖ͳັྗ͕ൿΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ
89. Thank you for listening.