Learning How to Learn の日本語まとめ

CouseraのコースであるLearning How to Learnの内容を日本語でまとめました。

Transcript

1. LEARNING HOW TO LEARN: POWERFUL MENTAL TOOLS TO HELP YOU MASTER TOUGH UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ΦϯϥΠϯֶशαʔϏε COURSERA ֶͼํΛֶͿߨ࠲ͷ·ͱΊࢿྉ ઒࡚ ਅૉ࣮
2. COUSERAͱ͸ ͍ΘΏΔMOOCSͷͻͱͭɺதͰ΋ΘΓͱετΠοΫͳҹ৅ ▸ ίʔηϥʢӳ໊ɿCourseraʣ͸ɺελϯϑΥʔυେֶίϯ ϐϡʔλαΠΤϯεڭतAndrew NgͱDaphne KollerʹΑͬͯ૑ ཱ͞Εͨڭҭٕज़ͷӦརஂମͰ͋Δɻੈքதͷଟ͘ͷେֶͱڠྗ ͠ɺͦΕΒͷେֶͷίʔεͷ͍͔ͭ͘ΛແঈͰΦϯϥΠϯ্ʹఏ ڙ͍ͯ͠Δɻ2012೥11݄ͷ࣌఺Ͱ196Χࠃ͔Β1,900,241ਓ΋ͷ ੜె͕ҰͭҎ্ͷतۀʹొ࿥Λͨ͠ɻʢ΋ͬͱ΋ɺDaphne KollerͱͷΠϯλϏϡʔʹΑΔͱɺतۀΛ࠷ޙ·Ͱडߨͨ͠ͷ ͸ɺ਺ेສਓͷΈͰɺमྃ཰͸7ʙ9ύʔηϯτʹཹ·ͬͨɻʣ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ίʔηϥ
3. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ͍ΘΏΔύϒϦοΫΞΠϏʔɹ ▸ ΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶαϯσΟΤΰߍʢӳ: University of California, San DiegoɺUCSDʣ͸ɺΞϝϦΧ߹ऺࠃΧϦϑΥϧχ ΞभαϯσΟΤΰࢢ߫֎ͷϥϗϠʹҐஔ͢Δभཱɺஉঁڞֶ૯߹େֶͰ͋Δɻ10ߍ͋ΔΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶγεςϜͷ ͻͱͭͰ͋Δ͜ͷେֶ͸ɺεΫϦοϓεɾΠϯεςΟςϡʔγϣϯɾΦϓɾΦʔγϟϊάϥϑΟͱͯ͠1959೥ʹ૑ཱ͞ Εͨൺֱత৽͍͠େֶͰ͋Δɻ ΞϝϦΧ౦ւ؛ͷ໊໳ࢲཱେֶ࿈ໍΞΠϏʔϦʔάͱಉ͡ਫ४ͷڭҭΛड͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ ͖Δެཱେֶ܈ύϒϦοΫɾΞΠϏʔͷҰߍͱ໊ͯ͠Λ࿈Ͷ͍ͯΔɻ·ͨɺUSχϡʔζ͕ൃߦ͢Δ2009೥౓ͷΞϝϦΧ ζɾϕετɾΧϨδʔζɾΨΠυϒοΫʹΑΔͱશถͷभཱେֶͰୈ7Ґʹ൪෇͞Ε͓ͯΓɺશถͰτοϓϨϕϧͷभཱ େֶͰ͋Δɻ ▸ λΠϜζੈքେֶϥϯΩϯάʢ૯߹ʣɿୈ32Ґ(2010೥) ▸ ֶඅɹ भ಺ɹ22,350ถυϧʢ໿2,458,500ԁʣ भ֎ɹ40,159ถυϧʢ໿4,417,500ԁʣ ▸ ༗໊ͳଔۀੜ ɹརࠜ઒ਐʢϊʔϕϧੜཧֶɾҩֶ৆ड৆ऀʣɺϏϧɾΞτΩϯιϯʢLisa։ൃऀʣɺϕχνΦɾσϧɾτϩʢആ༏ʣ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶαϯσΟΤΰߍ
4. ίʔε֓ཁ ڭࢣ ▸ αϒڭࢣʢཁॴͰՊֶతͳղઆΛͯ͘͠ΕΔʣ ▸ Dr. Terrence Sejnowski ▸ Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies ▸ Computational Neurobiology Laborato ▸ ϝΠϯڭࢣ ▸ Dr. Barbara Oakley ▸ Professor of Engineering ▸ Industrial & Systems Engineering, Oakland University جຊແྉʂ मྃূ͸$49
5. ίʔεͷϘϦϡʔϜ 4 HOURS OF VIDEO, 3 HOURS OF EXERCISES, 3 HOURS OF BONUS MATERIAL ▸ τʔλϧ̐࣌ؒ෼ͷϏσΦ + τʔλϧ̏࣌ؒ෼ͷϘʔφεϏσΦ ̍ຊ͸ 5෼ ~ 10෼͘Β͍ ɺ͜ͷίʔεͰ͸ӳޠΦϯϦʔɻίʔεʹΑͬͯ͸೔ຊޠࣈນ͕͋ Δͷ΋͋Δɻ ▸ τʔλϧ3࣌ؒ෼ͷΤΫααΠζ ͜ͷίʔεͷ৔߹͸બ୒ࣜͷςετɺؒҧ͑Δͱ΍Γ௚͠ͳͷͰͪΌΜͱ΍Βͳ͍ͱ͕࣌ؒ ͔͔ΔɻεϜʔδʹߦ͚͹̏࣌ؒ΋͔͔Βͳ͍ɻ͢΂ͯͷίʔεͰӳޠͷΈɻϓϩάϥϛϯ άఏग़͕͋Δίʔε΋͋ͬͨΓ͢Δɻ ▸ ̐िؒʹ౉ͬͯίʔεΛߦ͏ Couseraͷίʔεͱͯ͠͸ϘϦϡʔϜ͸গͳΊɻ̍̏िͷίʔεͱ͔΋͋Δɻ̍ϲ݄Ҏ಺ʹ ΍Βͳ͍ͱमྃূ͸΋Β͑ͳ͍ɻ https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn
6. ओͳίʔε಺༰ ▸ Week 1 Focused versus Diffuse Thinking Procrastination, Memory, and Sleep ▸ Week 2 Chunking—The Essentials Seeing the Bigger Picture ▸ Week 3 Procrastination Memory ▸ Week 4 Renaissance Learning and Unlocking Your Potential ▸ Week 1 ूதϞʔυͱൃࢄϞʔυ ઌԆ͹͠ɺهԱɺਭ຾ ▸ Week 2 νϟϯΫʂ ओཁͳཁૉΛ·ͱΊΔ ϏοάϐΫνϟʔΛΈ͚ͭΔ ▸ Week 3 ઌԆ͹͠ Part2 هԱ Part2 ▸ Week 4 ࣗ෼ͷೳྗΛ֦େ͢Δ
7. ͜ͷࢿྉʹؚΜͰ͍ͳ͍͜ͱ ▸ ͜ͷࢿྉͰ͸ߨ࠲ͷத৺తͳཁૉͷΈهࡌΛ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɺࠓճ࡟ͬ ͨதͰ΋໘ന͍஌ࣝ΋਺ଟ͋͘Γ·͢ɻͦͪΒʹڵຯ͕͋Δํ͸ɺͥͻɺಈըͷ ߨٛΛΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ μϦɺΤδιϯͷέʔεͳͲͷ۩ମྫ Կ͔ΛֶͿ࣌ʹ೴͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳ൓ԠΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δ͔ ֤େֶͷڭत΁ͷΠϯλϏϡʔ಺༰ ֤छςΫχοΫΛ۩ମతʹ׆༻͢ΔͨΊͷ಺༰ Φʔόʔϥʔχϯά νʔϜϫʔΫʹ͍ͭͯ ςετςΠΩϯάͷTIPS
8. Focused versus Diffuse Thinking ूதϞʔυ͚ͩͰͳ͘ൃࢄϞʔυ΋׆༻͠Α͏ ▸ ࢲͨͪ͸ूதϞʔυʹ͸ΘΓͱೃછΈਂ͍ɻԿ͔ʹूதͯ͠ ͍Δ࣌ͷϞʔυͰ͋Δɻ৽͍͜͠ͱΛֶͿ࣌͸ूதϞʔυ Λ࢖͏ɻ ▸ ൃࢄϞʔυ͸ɺϦϥοΫεͯ͠΅Μ΍Γͱ෺ࣄΛߟ͍͑ͯΔ ঢ়ଶͰɺ૑଄ੑΛൃشͰ͖Δঢ়ଶͰ͋Δɻେ͖ͳϏδϣϯΛ ߟ͑Δ࣌͸ൃࢄϞʔυ͕ద͍ͯ͠Δɻ ▸ ूதϞʔυͰߦ͖٧·ͬͨΒɺൃࢄϞʔυΛ׆༻ͯ͠Ұճٳ ܜ͢Δͷ͕༗ޮɻ
9. FOCUSED VERSUS DIFFUSE THINKING
10. ࿅श͕ԿΛ΋ͨΒ͔͢ ࿅शΛ͢Δ͜ͱͰهԱ͕ఆண͢Δ ▸ Practice makes permanent ▸ ̍ճͰશͯͷ͜ͱΛ΍ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺগͣͭ͠਺ճʹ෼͚ͯ΍Δ͜ͱ͕ه ԱΛڧԽ͢Δ ▸ هԱʹ͸Short Term (working) memory ͱLong Term memory ͕͋Γɺ͜ ΕΛҠߦͤ͞ΔͨΊͷ࿅श͕ඞཁ ▸ هԱʹ͸ਭ຾΋ॏཁɻਭ຾Λ͔ͬ͠ΓͱΒͳ͍ͱಟੑͷ͋Δ෺࣭͕೴಺ʹ ͨ·Δ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺෆཁͳهԱΛ੔ཧͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ ▸ ਭ຾ͷ໾ׂ͸ൃࢄϞʔυʹ΋ࣅ͍ͯΔɻूதϞʔυͰShort TermʹهԱ͠ ͨޙ͸ɺٳܜ΍͍ܰਭ຾ΛͱͬͯൃࢄϞʔυʹҠߦ͢Δͱྑ͍ɻ
11. ूத͢ΔͨΊͷςΫχοΫ ϙϞυʔϩςΫχοΫ͸ઌԆ͹͠Λ๷͗ɺूதྗΛ্͛Δ
12. ϙϞυʔϩςΫχοΫͱ͸ 25෼ຖʹ࣌ؒΛ۠੾ͬͯ࢓ࣄΛ͢Δ࣌ؒ؅ཧज़ ▸ 25෼Λ1ϙϞυʔϩͱ͠ɺ΍Δ΂͖λεΫΛ1ϙϞυʔϩࠁΈʢ25෼ຖʣʹ෼͚Δɻ ▸ 25෼ؒ͸ɺଞͷࣄ͸Ұ੾΍ΒͣɺλεΫʹूத͢Δ ▸ 25෼ܦͯ͹ɺ5෼ؒͷٳܜΛೖΕΔ ▸ 4ϙϞυʔϩຖʢ2࣌ؒຖʣʹ30෼ఔͷ௕͍ٳܜΛͱΔ ▸ ޙ͸্هΛ܁Γฦ͢ ϙΠϯτ͸࡞ۀʹҙࣝΛ޲͚ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺϓϩηεʹҙࣝΛ޲͚Δ͜ͱ
13. νϟϯΫʂ ϏοάϐΫνϟʔΛݟ͚ͭΔͨΊʹ ▸ νϟϯΫͱ͸৭ʑͳཁૉΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤͯཧղΛͨ͠΋ͷ ▸ ൃࢄϞʔυΛ׆༻͠ϦϥοΫͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰ਎ʹ͚͍ͭͯ͘ ▸ ຊΛಡΉͱ͖ʹֆ͚ͩΛࢦࠩ͠ͳ͕Β௥ͬͨΓ͢ΔςΫχο Ϋ΋༗ޮ ▸ ྫ͑͹஍ਤɺετʔϦʔϥΠϯɺάϥϑɺ਺ࣜͳͲΛ૊Έ߹ ΘͤͯҰͭͷ͜ͱΛཧղ͍ͯ͘͠
14. ϏοΫϐΫνϟʔΛݟ͚ͭΔ νϟϯΫˠίϯςΩετ͕Θ͔ΔˠϏοάϐΫνϟʔ
15. ILLUSIONS OF COMPETENCEͱ͸ ֶΜͩͭ΋Γʹͳͬͯඇޮ཰ͳ͜ͱΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ ▸ ͍͘Β࣌ؒΛ͔͚ͯ΋ඇޮ཰తͳษڧͰ͸ޮՌ͕ͳ͍ ▸ จষʹϋΠϥΠτΛ͍ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ޮՌ͕ͳ͍ ▸ ͦΕΑΓ͍֮͑ͯΔ͔ͷ֬ೝ΍ϛχςετΛ͢Δํ͕ޮՌ͕ ߴ͍ ▸ ͢ͰʹϚελʔͨ͜͠ͱΛ࠶౓ֶΜͰ΋ҙຯ͕ͳ͍ ▸ ͭ·Γಉ͡จষΛԿ౓΋ಡΉ͜ͱ͸͋·Γҙຯ͕ͳ͍
16. ઌԆ͹͠ Part2 ΋͏͜ΕͰάζάζ͠ͳ͍ʂ ▸ TODOϦετΛ࡞ͬͯɺ΍Βͳ͖Ό͍͚ͳ͍͜ͱΛҰͭʹ·ͱΊΔʢ΍Βͳ͖Ό͍͚ͳ ͍͜ͱˠTODOϦετΛνΣοΫ͢Δ͜ͱʣ ▸ ຖ೔ͷλεΫ΍ϧʔςΟϯʹίϛοτΛ࣮ͯ͠ߦ͢ΔʢΩϡʔͷ࢓૊Έɿ৔ॴ, ࣌ؒ, ײ ৘, ଞͷਓͷߦಈΛ͖͔͚ͬʹϧʔςΟϯΛ࡞Δͷ͕༗ޮʣ ▸ ͝๙ඒ͸λεΫΛ׬ྃͨ͠ޙͰΛकΔ ▸ άζάζ͢Δ͖͔͚ͬΛൃݟͯ͠ɺͦΕΛഉআ͢Δ ▸ ৽͍͠࢓૊ΈʹऔΓ૊Ή͜ͱΛڪΕͳ͍ ▸ άζάζͨ͠৔߹ͷόοΫΞοϓϓϥϯΛ༻ҙ͢Δʢ୭΋׬ᘳͰ͸ͳ͍͔ΒͶʣ ▸ Eat your frog first! େࣄͳ͜ͱ͔ΒऔΓֻ͔Ζ͏
17. هԱ Part2 هԱͷϝΧχζϜΛ஌ͬͯڧԽ͢Δ ▸ Short Term memory ͱLong Term memoryͷҧ͍Λཧղ͢Δ ▸ Short Term (working) memory ͸εϖʔε͕গͳ͍ ▸ Long Term memory͸࿅शΛͯ͠هԱʹఆண͢Δ ▸ ࢲͨͪ͸ϏδϡΞϧϝϞϦʔʢࢹ֮తͳهԱʣͷྗΛ͍࣋ͬͯ ΔͷͰɺࢹ֮తʹهԱ͢Δ͜ͱΛҙࣝͯ͠ΈΑ͏ ▸ ·ͨΑ͘ࢥ͍ग़͢γʔϯΛΠϝʔδͯ͠ɺࢹ֮هԱͱ਺஋ͳͲ ແຯס૩ͳ৘ใΛ݁ͼ͚ͭΔςΫχοΫ͸༗ޮ
18. ࣗ෼ͷೳྗΛ֦େ͢Δ ϝλϑΝʔɺΞφϩδʔΛ׆༻͢Δ ৺ߏ͕͑େࣄ ▸ هԱ͚ͩͰ͸ෆे෼ɻཧղΛ͠ͳͯ͘͸͍͚ͳ͍ɻϝλϑΝʔͱ Ξφϩδʔ͸ཧղΛॿ͚Δɻ ▸ ҰճνϟϯΫͱͯ͠ཧղͨ͜͠ͱΛ͔Β཭ΕͯΈΔ͜ͱΛॿ͚Δ ▸ ୭΋͕࠽ೳ͕͋ΔͷͰɺ࠽ೳ͕͋Δ͔Βͱ͍ͬͯͦΕΛ͏Β΍· ͘͠ࢥͬͨΓͤͣɺͰ͖Δ͜ͱΛ͢Δ
19. ϝλϑΝʔͷྫ ਓੜ͸ཱྀͩɻࢲͱҰॹʹ ཱྀΛͯ͠Έͳ͍͔ʁ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ϝλϑΝʔ B ʮ࠷ۙɺ͍͘Β౒ྗͯ͠΋͏·͘ߦ͖·ͤΜɻͭΒ͍͜ͱ͹͔ΓͳͷͰ͢ɻʯ A ʮͦ͏Ͱ͔͢ɾɾɾɻҰॹʹ͕Μ͹Γ·͠ΐ͏ɻҋ͕ਂ͚Ε͹ɺ໷໌͚͸͍ۙͷͰ͢Αɻʯ
20. ΞφϩδʔͱϝλϑΝʔ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ξφϩδʔ ྨਪʢΔ͍͍͢ʣ͸ྨൺʢΔ͍ͻʣɺΞφϩδʔʢAnalogyʣͱ΋͍ ͍ɺಛఆͷࣄ෺ʹجͮ͘৘ใΛɺଞͷಛఆͷࣄ෺΁ɺͦΕΒͷؒͷԿ Β͔ͷྨࣅʹج͍ͮͯద༻͢Δೝ஌աఔͰ͋Δɻݹ୅ΪϦγϟޠͰʮൺ ྫʯΛҙຯ͢Δ ἀναλογία ΞφϩΪΞʔʹ༝དྷ͢Δɻ ʢߨ࠲ͷதͰ͸ϝλϑΝʔͱΞφϩδʔ͸ಛஈ۠ผΛ͍ͯ͠ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍͕TIPSʣ Ξφϩδʔʢྨਪʣ͸ɺࣅ͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛࠜڌʹͯ͠ҧ͏΋ͷ͝ͱΛਪ͠ྔΔ͜ͱɻ ͨͱ͑͹ɺ஍ٿʹώτ͕͍ΔͳΒɺ΄͔ͷఱମʹ΋ώτʹࣅͨੜ͖෺͕͍ΔͩΖ͏ɺͱ ߟ͑Δɻ ϝλϑΝʔʢӅᄻʣ͸ɺҧ͏ݴ༿Λᄻ͑ʹ࢖ͬͯݴ͍͋ΒΘ͢͜ͱɻ ͨͱ͑͹ɺന൅ͷग़͖ͯͨ͜ͱΛɺ಄ʹૼ͕͓Γͨͱݴ͏ɻ HTTP://DETAIL.CHIEBUKURO.YAHOO.CO.JP/QA/QUESTION_DETAIL/Q1063962965
21. ͓·͚ 10 RULES OF GOOD STUDYING ▸ 1. Use recall. ϖʔδΛಡΜͩΒɺগ͠໨Λ཭ͯ͠ݴ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱΛ಄ͷதͰ࠶ݱͯ͠ΈΑ͏ɻઢΛҾ͘ͷ͸࠷খݶʹɻઈରʹ͍֮͑ͯͳ͍͜ ͱʹ͸ઢΛҾ͔ͳ͍ɻ·ͨɺҧ͏৔ॴ΍า͖ͳ͕Β಄ͷதͰ࠶ݱΛ͠௚ͦ͏ɻͦ͏͢Δ͜ͱͰΞΠσΟΞ͕ࣗ෼ͷ΋ͷʹͳΔɻ ▸ 2. Test yourself. શͯʹ͓͍ͯࣗ෼Λςετ͠Α͏ɻϑϥογϡΧʔυ͸༑ୡɻ ▸ 3. Chunk your problems. νϟϯΩϯά͸ཧղΛॿ͚·͢ɻνϟϯΩϯάΛ͢Δ͜ͱ໰୊ղܾͷํ๏͕ࢥ͍ͭ͘Α͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻͦ͏ͨ͠Βɺ ࣗ෼ͷதͰݴ͍׵͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻͦ͏͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ஌͕ࣝਂ͘ݻఆԽ͞Ε͍ͯͭͰ΋औΓग़ͤΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ▸ 4. Space your repetition. ຖ೔গ࣮ͣͭ͠ફ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ೴͸ے೑ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɻҰճʹ஁͑ΒΕΔྔ͸ܾ·͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ ▸ 5. Alternate different problem-solving techniques during your practice.ɹ௕͘࿅श͗͢͠ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ɻͨͩͷ܁Γฦ͠Λ͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩʹ ͳΓ·͢ɻҧ͏໰୊ͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤͯऔΓ૊ΉͳͲ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ·ͨखॻ͖ͷΧʔυ͸ཧղΛॿ͚·͢ɻͦΕΛࣸਅʹࡱͬͯεϚʔτϑΥϯͳ ͲʹೖΕΔͷ΋ྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ͍Ζ͍ΖͳܗͰϛχςετΛͯ͠Έ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ ▸ 6. Take breaks. Կ͔ʹߦ͖٧Δ͜ͱ͸Α͋͘Γ·͢ɻԿ͔ʹऔΓ૊ΜͰߦ͖٧·ͬͨΒɺٳܜΛ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ͋ͳͨͷ೴͸ɺผͷํ๏Ͱɺ· ͨόοΫάϥϯ΢ϯυͰ໰୊Λཧղͯ͘͠Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ▸ 7. Use explanatory questioning and simple analogies. ৽͍͠ίϯηϓτΛߟ͑ͷʹۤ͠ΜͰ͍Ε͹ɺྫ͑͹̍̌ࡀͷࢠڙʹͲ͏આ໌͢Δ͔Λ ߟ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞ɻΞφϩδʔ͸ಛʹ༗ޮͰ͢ɻߟ͑Δ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺ੠ʹग़ͨ͠Γจࣈʹॻ͍ͨΓ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ͜ΕΒ͸ਂ͍ཧղΛॿ͚·͢ɻ ▸ 8. Focus. ๦͛ΔΞϥʔϜ΍ ΍ ͦ͏͍ͬͨཁૉ͸ഉআ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ̎̑෼ͷλΠϚʔΛ͔͚ɺ̎̑෼ʹूத͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻͦͯ̑͠෼ͷ ͝๙ඒλΠϜͰ͢ɻ͜ͷ܁Γฦ͕͠ɺڻ͘΄ͷલਐΛݟͤ·͢ɻීஈࣗવʹ΍ͬͯ͠·͢தஅΛഉআ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ ▸ 9. Eat your frogs first. Ұ൪େมͳ͜ͱΛ࠷ॳʹ΍Γ·͠ΐ͏ɻ ▸ 10. Make a mental contrast. ͋ͳͨͷເͱऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δ͜ͱΛରൺͤ͞·͠ΐ͏ɻເΛݟ͑Δͱ͜Ζʹ͸ͬͯɺϞνϕʔγϣϯ͕མͪͨΒͦ ΕΛΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
22. ͓·͚ 10 RULES OF BAD STUDYING ▸ 1. Passive rereading. ड͚਎ͷಡॻɻײಈ΍೴ͷಈ͖ͷͳ͍ಡॻ͸࣌ؒͷແବͰ͢ɻ ▸ 2. Letting highlights overwhelm you. શ෦ʹઢΛҾ͘ɻઢΛҾ͘͜ͱ͸ཧղ͍ͯ͠Δ೴Λࡨ֮ͤ͞·͢ɻ࣮ࡍʹ΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͸खΛಈ͔ͯ͠ ͍Δ͚ͩͰ͢ɻগ͠ͷઢҾ͖͸ྑ͍Ͱ͢ɻͦΕ͸ॿ͚ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ͔ͬ͠Γͱ೴ʹೖ͖͍ͬͯͯΔ͔֬ೝ͢Δ͜ͱ͕େࣄͰ͢ɻ ▸ 3. Merely glancing at a problem’s solution and thinking you know how to do it. ࠷ॳʹղܾࡦͷΈΛߟ͑ͯ͠·͏ɻ͜Ε͸ੜె͕൜͢࠷ѱͷؒ ҧ͍ͷҰͭͰ͢ɻຊ౰ʹେࣄͳ͜ͱ͸ɺෳࡶͳ໰୊Λstep-by-stepͰඥղ͍ͯղܾ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰ͢ɻ ▸ 4. Waiting until the last minute to study. ΪϦΪϦ·Ͱษڧ͠ͳ͍ɻ೴͸ے೑ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɺҰ౓ʹͰ͖Δ͜ͱʹ͸ݶΓ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ▸ 5. Repeatedly solving problems of the same type that you already know how to solve. ಉ͡Α͏ͳ໰୊ʹऔΓ૊Έଓ͚ͯ΋ҙຯ͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻ όεέοτϘʔϧͷࢼ߹ʹ޲͚ͯɺυϦϒϧͷύλʔϯ͚ͩ࿅श͢ΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ ▸ 6. Letting study sessions with friends turn into chat sessions. ༑ਓͨͪͱͷ͓͠Ό΂Γͷ࣌ؒʹͯ͠͠·͏ɻಉ͡໰୊ʹऔΓ૊ΉάϧʔϓϫʔΫ ͸ޮՌతͰָ͍͠Ͱ͢ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕Βɺ໰୊ʹऔΓ૊Ήલʹָ͘͠ͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺ࣌ؒͷແବͰ͢ɻ ▸ 7. Neglecting to read the textbook before you start working problems. ςΩετϒοΫΛಡ·ͳ͍ɻςΩετϒοΫͳ͠Ͱ͸ɺΠϯετϥΫ γϣϯͳ͠Ͱਫӭʹ௅ΉΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ɻςΩετϒοΫΛಡ·ͳ͍Ͱ࣮ફ͢Δͷ͸࣌ؒͷແବͰ͢ɻ ▸ 8. Not checking with your instructors or classmates to clear up points of confusion. Professors are used to lost students coming in for guidance―it’s our job to help you. The students we worry about are the ones who don’t come in. Don’t be one of those students. ▸ 9. Thinking you can learn deeply when you are being constantly distracted. தஅ͞ΕྲྀΕ΋ਂֶ͍ͼ͕Ͱ͖Δͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɻ͢΂ͯͷখ͞ ͳதஅ͸গͣͭ͋͠ͳͨͷ೴ͷྗΛୣ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ ▸ 10. Not getting enough sleep. े෼ʹ຾Βͳ͍ɻ຾Γ͸ֶशʹ͓͍ͯॏཁͳཁૉͰ͢ɻςετͷલʹྑ͍ਭ຾͕ಘΒΕͳ͍ͷͩͱͨ͠ΒɺؾΛ ͚ͭΔ΂͖͜ͱ͸ͦͷ͜ͱҎ֎ͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ