UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ͍ΘΏΔύϒϦοΫΞΠϏʔɹ ▸ ΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶαϯσΟΤΰߍʢӳ: University of California, San DiegoɺUCSDʣɺΞϝϦΧ߹ऺࠃΧϦϑΥϧχ ΞभαϯσΟΤΰࢢ߫֎ͷϥϗϠʹҐஔ͢Δभཱɺஉঁڞֶ૯߹େֶͰ͋Δɻ10ߍ͋ΔΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶγεςϜͷ ͻͱͭͰ͋Δ͜ͷେֶɺεΫϦοϓεɾΠϯεςΟςϡʔγϣϯɾΦϓɾΦʔγϟϊάϥϑΟͱͯ͠1959ʹཱ͞ Εͨൺֱత৽͍͠େֶͰ͋Δɻ ΞϝϦΧ౦ւ؛ͷ໊ࢲཱେֶ࿈ໍΞΠϏʔϦʔάͱಉ͡ਫ४ͷڭҭΛड͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ ͖Δެཱେֶ܈ύϒϦοΫɾΞΠϏʔͷҰߍͱ໊ͯ͠Λ࿈Ͷ͍ͯΔɻ·ͨɺUSχϡʔζ͕ൃߦ͢Δ2009ͷΞϝϦΧ ζɾϕετɾΧϨδʔζɾΨΠυϒοΫʹΑΔͱશถͷभཱେֶͰୈ7Ґʹ൪͞Ε͓ͯΓɺશถͰτοϓϨϕϧͷभཱ େֶͰ͋Δɻ ▸ λΠϜζੈքେֶϥϯΩϯάʢ૯߹ʣɿୈ32Ґ(2010) ▸ ֶඅɹ भɹ22,350ถυϧʢ2,458,500ԁʣ भ֎ɹ40,159ถυϧʢ4,417,500ԁʣ ▸ ༗໊ͳଔۀੜ ɹརࠜਐʢϊʔϕϧੜཧֶɾҩֶडऀʣɺϏϧɾΞτΩϯιϯʢLisa։ൃऀʣɺϕχνΦɾσϧɾτϩʢആ༏ʣ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶαϯσΟΤΰߍ
ίʔε֓ཁ ڭࢣ ▸ αϒڭࢣʢཁॴͰՊֶతͳղઆΛͯ͘͠ΕΔʣ ▸ Dr. Terrence Sejnowski ▸ Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies ▸ Computational Neurobiology Laborato ▸ ϝΠϯڭࢣ ▸ Dr. Barbara Oakley ▸ Professor of Engineering ▸ Industrial & Systems Engineering, Oakland University جຊແྉʂ मྃূ$49
هԱ Part2 هԱͷϝΧχζϜΛͬͯڧԽ͢Δ ▸ Short Term memory ͱLong Term memoryͷҧ͍Λཧղ͢Δ ▸ Short Term (working) memory εϖʔε͕গͳ͍ ▸ Long Term memory࿅शΛͯ͠هԱʹఆண͢Δ ▸ ࢲͨͪϏδϡΞϧϝϞϦʔʢࢹ֮తͳهԱʣͷྗΛ͍࣋ͬͯ ΔͷͰɺࢹ֮తʹهԱ͢Δ͜ͱΛҙࣝͯ͠ΈΑ͏ ▸ ·ͨΑ͘ࢥ͍ग़͢γʔϯΛΠϝʔδͯ͠ɺࢹ֮هԱͱͳͲ ແຯס૩ͳใΛ݁ͼ͚ͭΔςΫχοΫ༗ޮ
͓·͚ 10 RULES OF GOOD STUDYING ▸ 1. Use recall. ϖʔδΛಡΜͩΒɺগ͠Λͯ͠ݴ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱΛ಄ͷதͰ࠶ݱͯ͠ΈΑ͏ɻઢΛҾ͘ͷ࠷খݶʹɻઈରʹ͍֮͑ͯͳ͍͜ ͱʹઢΛҾ͔ͳ͍ɻ·ͨɺҧ͏ॴา͖ͳ͕Β಄ͷதͰ࠶ݱΛͦ͠͏ɻͦ͏͢Δ͜ͱͰΞΠσΟΞ͕ࣗͷͷʹͳΔɻ ▸ 2. Test yourself. શͯʹ͓͍ͯࣗΛςετ͠Α͏ɻϑϥογϡΧʔυ༑ୡɻ ▸ 3. Chunk your problems. νϟϯΩϯάཧղΛॿ͚·͢ɻνϟϯΩϯάΛ͢Δ͜ͱղܾͷํ๏͕ࢥ͍ͭ͘Α͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻͦ͏ͨ͠Βɺ ࣗͷதͰݴ͍͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻͦ͏͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ͕ࣝਂ͘ݻఆԽ͞Ε͍ͯͭͰऔΓग़ͤΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ▸ 4. Space your repetition. ຖগ࣮ͣͭ͠ફ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻےͷΑ͏ͳͷͰ͢ɻҰճʹ͑ΒΕΔྔܾ·͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ ▸ 5. Alternate different problem-solving techniques during your practice.ɹ͘࿅श͗͢͠ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ɻͨͩͷ܁Γฦ͠Λ͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩʹ ͳΓ·͢ɻҧ͏ͱΈ߹ΘͤͯऔΓΉͳͲ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ·ͨखॻ͖ͷΧʔυཧղΛॿ͚·͢ɻͦΕΛࣸਅʹࡱͬͯεϚʔτϑΥϯͳ ͲʹೖΕΔͷྑ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ͍Ζ͍ΖͳܗͰϛχςετΛͯ͠Έ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ ▸ 6. Take breaks. Կ͔ʹߦ͖٧Δ͜ͱΑ͋͘Γ·͢ɻԿ͔ʹऔΓΜͰߦ͖٧·ͬͨΒɺٳܜΛ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ͋ͳͨͷɺผͷํ๏Ͱɺ· ͨόοΫάϥϯϯυͰΛཧղͯ͘͠Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ▸ 7. Use explanatory questioning and simple analogies. ৽͍͠ίϯηϓτΛߟ͑ͷʹۤ͠ΜͰ͍Εɺྫ͑̍̌ࡀͷࢠڙʹͲ͏આ໌͢Δ͔Λ ߟ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞ɻΞφϩδʔಛʹ༗ޮͰ͢ɻߟ͑Δ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺʹग़ͨ͠Γจࣈʹॻ͍ͨΓ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ͜ΕΒਂ͍ཧղΛॿ͚·͢ɻ ▸ 8. Focus. ͛ΔΞϥʔϜ ͦ͏͍ͬͨཁૉഉআ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ̎̑ͷλΠϚʔΛ͔͚ɺ̎̑ʹूத͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻͦͯ̑͠ͷ ͝๙ඒλΠϜͰ͢ɻ͜ͷ܁Γฦ͕͠ɺڻ͘΄ͷલਐΛݟͤ·͢ɻීஈࣗવʹͬͯ͠·͢தஅΛഉআ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ ▸ 9. Eat your frogs first. Ұ൪େมͳ͜ͱΛ࠷ॳʹΓ·͠ΐ͏ɻ ▸ 10. Make a mental contrast. ͋ͳͨͷເͱऔΓΜͰ͍Δ͜ͱΛରൺͤ͞·͠ΐ͏ɻເΛݟ͑Δͱ͜ΖʹͬͯɺϞνϕʔγϣϯ͕མͪͨΒͦ ΕΛΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ
͓·͚ 10 RULES OF BAD STUDYING ▸ 1. Passive rereading. ड͚ͷಡॻɻײಈͷಈ͖ͷͳ͍ಡॻ࣌ؒͷແବͰ͢ɻ ▸ 2. Letting highlights overwhelm you. શ෦ʹઢΛҾ͘ɻઢΛҾ͘͜ͱཧղ͍ͯ͠ΔΛࡨ֮ͤ͞·͢ɻ࣮ࡍʹ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱखΛಈ͔ͯ͠ ͍Δ͚ͩͰ͢ɻগ͠ͷઢҾ͖ྑ͍Ͱ͢ɻͦΕॿ͚ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ͔ͬ͠Γͱʹೖ͖͍ͬͯͯΔ͔֬ೝ͢Δ͜ͱ͕େࣄͰ͢ɻ ▸ 3. Merely glancing at a problem’s solution and thinking you know how to do it. ࠷ॳʹղܾࡦͷΈΛߟ͑ͯ͠·͏ɻ͜Εੜె͕൜͢࠷ѱͷؒ ҧ͍ͷҰͭͰ͢ɻຊʹେࣄͳ͜ͱɺෳࡶͳΛstep-by-stepͰඥղ͍ͯղܾ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰ͢ɻ ▸ 4. Waiting until the last minute to study. ΪϦΪϦ·Ͱษڧ͠ͳ͍ɻےͷΑ͏ͳͷͰ͢ɺҰʹͰ͖Δ͜ͱʹݶΓ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ▸ 5. Repeatedly solving problems of the same type that you already know how to solve. ಉ͡Α͏ͳʹऔΓΈଓ͚ͯҙຯ͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻ όεέοτϘʔϧͷࢼ߹ʹ͚ͯɺυϦϒϧͷύλʔϯ͚ͩ࿅श͢ΔΑ͏ͳͷͰ͢ɻ ▸ 6. Letting study sessions with friends turn into chat sessions. ༑ਓͨͪͱͷ͓͠ΌΓͷ࣌ؒʹͯ͠͠·͏ɻಉ͡ʹऔΓΉάϧʔϓϫʔΫ ޮՌతͰָ͍͠Ͱ͢ɻ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɺʹऔΓΉલʹָ͘͠ͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͰ͋Εɺ࣌ؒͷແବͰ͢ɻ ▸ 7. Neglecting to read the textbook before you start working problems. ςΩετϒοΫΛಡ·ͳ͍ɻςΩετϒοΫͳ͠ͰɺΠϯετϥΫ γϣϯͳ͠ͰਫӭʹΉΑ͏ͳͷͰ͢ɻςΩετϒοΫΛಡ·ͳ͍Ͱ࣮ફ͢Δͷ࣌ؒͷແବͰ͢ɻ ▸ 8. Not checking with your instructors or classmates to clear up points of confusion. Professors are used to lost students coming in for guidance―it’s our job to help you. The students we worry about are the ones who don’t come in. Don’t be one of those students. ▸ 9. Thinking you can learn deeply when you are being constantly distracted. தஅ͞ΕྲྀΕਂֶ͍ͼ͕Ͱ͖Δͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱɻͯ͢ͷখ͞ ͳதஅগͣͭ͋͠ͳͨͷͷྗΛୣ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ ▸ 10. Not getting enough sleep. ेʹΒͳ͍ɻΓֶशʹ͓͍ͯॏཁͳཁૉͰ͢ɻςετͷલʹྑ͍ਭ͕ಘΒΕͳ͍ͷͩͱͨ͠ΒɺؾΛ ͚ͭΔ͖͜ͱͦͷ͜ͱҎ֎ͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ
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