HVAC_-_The_Ultimate_Guide_to_HVAC_and_Its_Components.pdf

Transcript

1. Heating, Ventilation and Air- Conditioning (HVAC) Part 3: HVAC systems and components Supplementary Training Modules on Good Manufacturing Practice
2. Objectives In the following slides, we will study the components of air- handling systems in order to: 1. Become familiar with the components 2. Know their functions 3. Become aware of possible problems HVAC
3. + Production Room Exhaust air treatment Central air handling unit Terminal air treatment at production room level Fresh air treatment (make-up air) HVAC Main subsystems
4. Components Components in HVAC may include, depending on need: • Filters • Fans • no fan failure; including supply air fans, return air fans, exhaust air fan, dust extract system fans • Driers • Drying of air with chemical driers, e.g. rotating desiccant wheel • Frost coils for preheating air
5. General • Pharmaceutical products should be manufactured in areas of appropriate cleanliness • Prevent contamination and cross-contamination • Design of HVAC dependent on various factors e.g. • Outside air quality • Recirculation of air (or not) • Products and range of products • Risk assessment to determine clean room conditions.
6. General • Two basic concepts of air delivery –a re-circulation system, and –a full fresh air system (100% outside air supply). • Recirculation – determine the amount of fresh air based on criteria: –to compensate for leakage and loss –to comply with national building regulations; and –for odour control.
7. General • Validated automated monitoring systems (e.g. Building management systems (BMS), building automation system (BAS) or system control and data acquisition (SCADA) system) - capable of indicating any out-of- specification condition without delay e.g. by means of an alarm – Also helps with preventive maintenance and trend logging – Critical alarms easily identifiable, visible and/or audible • Fan interlock failure matrix • Fan failures can cause a system imbalance, resulting in a pressure cascade malfunction with a resultant airflow reversal.
8. Air distribution • Positioning of supply and extract grilles to provide effective room flushing. • Low-level return or exhaust air grilles preferred. • If not possible, a higher air change rate may be needed to achieve a specified clean area condition, e.g. where ceiling return air grilles are used. • There may be alternative locations for return air 7.2.1 – 7.2.2
11. + Production Room Exhaust air Return air (recirculated) Fresh air (make-up air) Supply air Air types HVAC
12. Recirculation systems • Increased risk of contamination and cross-contamination. • Need HEPA filters (EN1822 classification of H13) • HEPA filters may not be required: – a single product facility and there is evidence that cross-contamination would not be possible. – No dust generated e.g. secondary packing • HEPA filters installed in the air-handling unit or terminally placed – If terminally mounted - not with flexible ducting • If highly toxic processes – never recirculate
13. Ventilation with recirculated air + make-up air Central Air-Handling Unit Return air Exhaust Unit HVAC
14. Full fresh-air systems • 100% fresh air normally used in a facility dealing with toxic products or solvents, where recirculation of air with contaminants should be avoided • Degree of filtration of the exhaust air depends on the exhaust air contaminants and local environmental regulations • HEPA filters in the exhaust system normally when handling hazardous materials
16. Ventilation with 100% fresh air (no air recirculation) W Washer (optional) Central Air-Handling Unit Production Rooms Exhaust Unit HVAC
17. Energy-recovery wheels • Risk assessment to determine cross-contamination risks • Should not become a source of possible contamination • Alternatives include crossover plate heat exchangers and water-coil heat exchangers • Prevent air leakage between the supply air and exhaust air – exhaust air system operates at a lower pressure than the supply system.
20. Components Components in HVAC may include, depending on need: • frost coils to preheat the air • reheaters for humidity control, moisture eliminators • automatic air volume control devices • sound attenuators • snow eliminators, dust eliminators, • fresh air precooling coils
21. Filter Silencer Terminal filter Weather louvre Control damper Fan Flow rate controller Humidifier Heating coil Cooling coil with droplet separator Production Room Overview components + Prefilter Exhaust Air Grille Heater Secondary Filter Recirculated air HVAC
22. • Weather louvre • Silencer • Flow rate controller • Control damper • To prevent insects, leaves, dirt and rain from entering • To reduce noise caused by air circulation • Automated adjustment of volume of air (night and day, pressure control) • Fixed adjustment of volume of air Components (1) HVAC
23. • Heating unit • Cooling unit/ dehumidifier • Humidifier • Filters • Ducts • To heat the air to the proper temperature • To cool the air to the required temperature or to remove moisture from the air • To bring the air to the proper humidity, if too low • To eliminate particles of predetermined dimensions and/or microorganisms • To transport the air Components (2) HVAC
24. De-humidification Filter Pressure Gauges AHU with fan Variable Speed Controller Humid room air Air heater Regeneration air Humid room air Adsorber wheel Dry air Air-handling unit HVAC
25. HVAC
26. Primary panel filter Secondary filter HEPA or tertiary filter HVAC
27. 1 Filter 2 Tightening frame 3 Register outlet 4 Screw fixation for register 1 2 3 4 HVAC
28. • Flow rate controller • Control damper • Humidifier • Cooling battery • Filters • Ducts • Blocked • Poorly adjusted, bad pressure differential system • Bad water/steam quality/ poor drainage • No elimination of condensed water/ poor drainage • Incorrect retention rate/damaged/badly installed • Inappropriate material/internal insulator leaking Problems with components HVAC
29. Visit: Genesheatingandair.com Call: (719) 576-7158