Care and Character

The tenth in a series of slideshows for an ethics course.

Transcript

1. Care and Character what kind of person is a moral person? George Matthews CC 2016 Creative Commons, attribution. BY: C Diego Delso via Wikimedia Commons
2. questions
3. questions
4. questions 1. What does it mean to be a good person?
5. questions 1. What does it mean to be a good person? 2. Philosophers tend to emphasize decisions and individual actions as location of moral value, but what about one’s overall character?
6. questions 1. What does it mean to be a good person? 2. Philosophers tend to emphasize decisions and individual actions as location of moral value, but what about one’s overall character? 3. Is moral development a matter of learning and following the rules or about cultivating character traits and virtues?
7. questions 1. What does it mean to be a good person? 2. Philosophers tend to emphasize decisions and individual actions as location of moral value, but what about one’s overall character? 3. Is moral development a matter of learning and following the rules or about cultivating character traits and virtues? 4. Are there distinctively male and female virtues and ways of being morally mature?
8. Aristotle again
9. Aristotle again the virtuous person
10. Aristotle again the virtuous person ! Embodies virtues: strength, courage, loyalty, self-awareness, foresight, reliability, good judgment.
11. Aristotle again the virtuous person ! Embodies virtues: strength, courage, loyalty, self-awareness, foresight, reliability, good judgment. ! All virtues represent a mean between extremes.
12. Aristotle again the virtuous person ! Embodies virtues: strength, courage, loyalty, self-awareness, foresight, reliability, good judgment. ! All virtues represent a mean between extremes. ! Virtues are made habitual through cultivation, training and experience.
13. Aristotle again the virtuous person ! Embodies virtues: strength, courage, loyalty, self-awareness, foresight, reliability, good judgment. ! All virtues represent a mean between extremes. ! Virtues are made habitual through cultivation, training and experience. ! A well-functioning society produces and is maintained by virtuous individuals.
14. moral development
15. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory
16. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage
17. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?”
18. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?” 2. egocentric attitude: “What’s in it for me?”
19. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?” 2. egocentric attitude: “What’s in it for me?” ! conventional stage
20. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?” 2. egocentric attitude: “What’s in it for me?” ! conventional stage 3. social conformity: “Look at me, I am so good!”
21. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?” 2. egocentric attitude: “What’s in it for me?” ! conventional stage 3. social conformity: “Look at me, I am so good!” 4. social order: “We have to play by the rules!”
22. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?” 2. egocentric attitude: “What’s in it for me?” ! conventional stage 3. social conformity: “Look at me, I am so good!” 4. social order: “We have to play by the rules!” ! post-conventional stage
23. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?” 2. egocentric attitude: “What’s in it for me?” ! conventional stage 3. social conformity: “Look at me, I am so good!” 4. social order: “We have to play by the rules!” ! post-conventional stage 5. social contract: “It’s in all of our best interests . . . ”
24. moral development Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory ! pre-conventional stage 1. authority figures central: “How do I avoid getting punished?” 2. egocentric attitude: “What’s in it for me?” ! conventional stage 3. social conformity: “Look at me, I am so good!” 4. social order: “We have to play by the rules!” ! post-conventional stage 5. social contract: “It’s in all of our best interests . . . ” 6. universal principles: “Everybody counts and/or deserves respect.”
25. feminist critique
26. feminist critique Carol Gilligan’s questions
27. feminist critique Carol Gilligan’s questions ! Girls tend to stay longer at or revert back to “lower” levels of moral development.
28. feminist critique Carol Gilligan’s questions ! Girls tend to stay longer at or revert back to “lower” levels of moral development. ! Is this a sign of moral immaturity?
29. feminist critique Carol Gilligan’s questions ! Girls tend to stay longer at or revert back to “lower” levels of moral development. ! Is this a sign of moral immaturity? ! Or is Kohlberg’s model of “normal” development biased towards stereotypically “male” attitudes?
30. feminist critique Carol Gilligan’s questions ! Girls tend to stay longer at or revert back to “lower” levels of moral development. ! Is this a sign of moral immaturity? ! Or is Kohlberg’s model of “normal” development biased towards stereotypically “male” attitudes? ! Do women tend to speak a different moral language than men, and one that is equally important?
31. feminism: the three waves
32. feminism: the three waves
33. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s
34. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life?
35. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life? Sought basic political and economic rights, especially voting rights.
36. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life? Sought basic political and economic rights, especially voting rights. ! 2nd wave: 1960’s through now
37. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life? Sought basic political and economic rights, especially voting rights. ! 2nd wave: 1960’s through now Why is “female” so often considered inferior to “male?”
38. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life? Sought basic political and economic rights, especially voting rights. ! 2nd wave: 1960’s through now Why is “female” so often considered inferior to “male?” Distinguishes between sex and gender, emphasizes the value of the “feminine,” positive role of female sexuality, works for social and political equality.
39. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life? Sought basic political and economic rights, especially voting rights. ! 2nd wave: 1960’s through now Why is “female” so often considered inferior to “male?” Distinguishes between sex and gender, emphasizes the value of the “feminine,” positive role of female sexuality, works for social and political equality. ! 3rd wave: 1990’s through now
40. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life? Sought basic political and economic rights, especially voting rights. ! 2nd wave: 1960’s through now Why is “female” so often considered inferior to “male?” Distinguishes between sex and gender, emphasizes the value of the “feminine,” positive role of female sexuality, works for social and political equality. ! 3rd wave: 1990’s through now What is a “woman” anyway?
41. feminism: the three waves ! 1st wave: 1800’s to early 1900’s Why can’t women also participate in public life? Sought basic political and economic rights, especially voting rights. ! 2nd wave: 1960’s through now Why is “female” so often considered inferior to “male?” Distinguishes between sex and gender, emphasizes the value of the “feminine,” positive role of female sexuality, works for social and political equality. ! 3rd wave: 1990’s through now What is a “woman” anyway? Embraces differences, while refusing to accept their essential character.
42. the ethics of care
43. the ethics of care
44. the ethics of care ! Morality is not just about following rules and accepting universal principles as valid.
45. the ethics of care ! Morality is not just about following rules and accepting universal principles as valid. ! More importantly it is embedded in human relationships.
46. the ethics of care ! Morality is not just about following rules and accepting universal principles as valid. ! More importantly it is embedded in human relationships. ! Can we focus on particular circumstances while avoiding biases?