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The intonational phonology of Samoan revisited

krisyu
August 04, 2019

The intonational phonology of Samoan revisited

ICPhS 2019 Satellite Workshop
Intonational Phonology of Typologically Rare or Understudied Languages

https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/IntonationWorkshop2019/

krisyu

August 04, 2019
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  1. THE INTONATIONAL
    PHONOLOGY OF
    SAMOAN REVISITED
    Kristine M. Yu
    Department of Linguistics

    University of Massachusetts Amherst
    Intonational Phonology of Typologically Rare or Understudied Languages
    University of Melbourne | August 4, 2019
    1

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  2. !2
    COLLABORATORS
    Deniz
    Özyıldız
    Maggie
    Baird
    Matt
    Frelinger
    Ed Stabler
    UMass
    Amherst
    UCLA/
    Samsung Research

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  3. !3
    San Francisco Bay Area, California:
    Natalie Tualemoso Ah Soon, Faafetai Faaleava, Tautalaaso
    Faaleava, others
    Los Angeles, California:
    Ioane Fruean, Kare'l Lokeni, Tu’u Lokeni, others
    Auckland, New Zealand:
    Salu Kalani Afoa, Faalei Emelda Afoa, others
    Apia, Samoa: Peone Fuimaono, Christopher Aluni, others
    FIELDWORK COORDINATION/
    CONSULTATION

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  4. AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
    Ross et al. (2007), p. xvi, Map 1
    !4

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  5. POLYNESIAN LANGUAGES
    https://teara.govt.nz/files/large_images/41061-enz.gif
    SAMOAN
    POLYNESIAN LANGUAGES
    !5

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  6. !6
    ACCENTUAL PHRASES IN TONGAN
    Kuo & Vicenik (2012)

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  7. TARGETED PHENOMENA
    !7
    Sentence-medial
    edge tones

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  8. CHALLENGES TO AM
    THEORY ASSUMPTIONS
    !8
    [ ]XP
    T
    Morphosyntax
    ( )
    T-
    Phonology

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  9. • the relation between syntactic and prosodic constituents
    • the phonological realization (spell-out) of the
    morphosyntactic feature bundles of morphemes and
    lexical items that form part of syntactic representation

    • linearization of syntactic representation which produces
    the surface word order of the sentence as actually
    pronounced
    !9
    Selkirk (2011), p. 435
    SYNTAX-PHONOLOGY
    INTERFACE

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  10. • the relation between syntactic and prosodic constituents
    • the phonological realization (spell-out) of the
    morphosyntactic feature bundles of morphemes and
    lexical items that form part of syntactic representation

    • linearization of syntactic representation which produces
    the surface word order of the sentence as actually
    pronounced
    !10
    Selkirk (2011), p. 435
    SYNTAX-PHONOLOGY
    INTERFACE

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  11. !11
    [ ]XP
    Spellout of syntactic structure
    T
    ( )
    Prosodic
    structure
    T-
    Boundary
    tone

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  12. METHODOLOGICAL
    CHALLENGE
    !12

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  13. METHODOLOGICAL
    CHALLENGE
    !13
    UBIQUITOUS TONAL
    CROWDING
    *]T-
    STRATEGIES

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  14. !14
    Zuraw, Yu and Orfitelli (2014)
    (ˈLL) (ˈma.nu) ‘bird’
    L(ˈLL) ŋa.(ˈlu.e) ‘work’
    L(ˈH) le.(ˈlei) ‘good’
    L(ˈH) la.(ˈvaː) ‘energized’
    (ˌH)(ˈLL) (ˌsaː)(ˈmo.a) ‘Sāmoa’
    Primary stress falls on
    penultimate mora.

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  15. Primary stress is only one mora
    away from the right edge.
    !15
    (ˌmi.ɹi)(ˈja.ma) ‘Miriam’
    (ˌpe.ni)a(ˈmi.na) ‘Benjamin’
    ]H
    UBIQUITOUS
    TONAL
    CROWDING
    LH*

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  16. !16
    SENTENCE-MEDIAL
    EDGE TONES

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  17. AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
    Ross et al. (2007), p. xvi, Map 1
    !17
    Most of fieldwork on syntax.

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  18. CASE-MARKING: ENGLISH
    !18
    hit her
    She slept
    Transitive sentence
    Intransitive sentence
    She

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  19. CASE-MARKING: SAMOAN
    !19
    ERGATIVE
    hit her
    Her slept
    ABSOLUTIVE
    ABSOLUTIVE
    Transitive sentence
    Intransitive sentence
    She

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  20. VERB-INITIAL ORDER
    !20
    ERGATIVE ABSOLUTIVE
    wove the marine the design
    the marine (on the design)
    worked
    ABSOLUTIVE
    Transitive sentence
    Intransitive sentence

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  21. !21
    na laˈlaŋa e le maˈlini ∅ le maˈmanu
    past weave erg the marine abs the design
    ‘The marine wove the design.’
    na ŋaˈlue ∅ le maˈlini (i le maˈmanu)
    past work abs the marine (obl the design)
    ‘The marine worked on the design.’
    ERGATIVE ABSOLUTIVE
    ABSOLUTIVE

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  22. !22
    na laˈlaŋa e le maˈlini Habs le maˈmanu
    past weave erg the marine abs the design
    ‘The marine wove the design.’
    na ŋaˈlue Habs le maˈlini (i le maˈmanu)
    past work abs the marine (obl the design)
    ‘The marine worked on the design.’
    ERGATIVE ABSOLUTIVE
    ABSOLUTIVE
    MINIMAL
    COMPARISON
    ABSOLUTIVE H

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  23. !23
    100
    120
    140
    160
    Fundamental frequency (Hz)
    Time (s)
    0 0.5 1 1.5
    LH*
    LH*
    Habs
    LH*
    L%
    LH*
    LH*
    Habs
    LH*
    L%
    na la la Na e le ma li ni le ma ma nu
    na lalaNa e le malini le mamanu
    past weave erg det marine det design
    e le maˈlini Habs

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  24. !24
    100
    120
    140
    160
    Fundamental frequency (Hz)
    Time (s)
    0 0.5 1 1.5
    LH*
    Habs
    LH*
    LH*
    L%
    LH*
    Habs
    LH*
    LH*
    L%
    na Na lue le ma li ni i le ma ma nu
    na Nalue le malini i le mamanu
    past work det marine obl det design
    Habs le maˈlini

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  25. 150
    165
    180
    195
    210
    Fundamental frequency (Hz)
    Time (s)
    0 0.2 0.4
    ma li ni
    No H
    150
    165
    180
    195
    210
    Fundamental frequency (Hz)
    Time (s)
    0 0.2 0.4
    ma li ni
    Followed by
    ABSOLUTIVE
    Followed by
    OBLIQUE
    !25
    Further details on Habs: Yu (2011), Yu & Özyildiz (2014), Yu & Stabler (2017), Yu (to appear)
    MINIMAL
    COMPARISON

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  26. FRONTING H
    !26
    ʔo le maˈlini H na laˈlaŋa Habs le maˈmanu
    topic the marine past weave abs the design
    ‘It was the marine that wove the design.’
    na ŋaˈlue Habs le maˈlini Hcoord ma ˈNoa
    past work abs the marine and Noah
    ‘The marine and Noah worked.’
    COORDINATION H

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  27. Habs,
    Hcoord,
    Hfront,
    .
    .
    .
    SYNTACTICALLY
    CONDITIONED EDGE TONES
    !27
    syntax
    semantics
    information
    structure

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  28. !28
    SYNTACTIC
    STRUCTURE
    BUILDING
    Predictable given particular syntactic structure
    Invariably occurs given particular syntactic structures
    and does not occur given others
    EDGE TONE
    • Habs does not co-occur with arguments where there are
    independent reasons for {erg/abs/obl} marking to be illicit, e.g.,

    • Not in [Verb Object] “pseudo noun incorporation”, e.g., dog-
    searching, fish-and-chip-eating (Massam 2001, Collins 2017)

    • Not in *ko-constructions (ʔo- in Samoan)

    • naʔo ‘only’ constructions (Calhoun 2017, Yu & Stabler 2017)

    • soʔo ‘any’ constructions? (Calhoun & Howard 2019)

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  29. Fronted ʔo-marked DPs
    !29
    ʔo *e le maˈlini H na laˈlaŋa Habs le maˈmanu
    TOPIC ERG the marine PAST weave ABS the design
    ‘It was the marine that wove the design.’
    Fronted DPs are ʔo-marked and cannot be marked for
    ERG, ABS, or OBL.
    Fronted naʔo and soʔo DPs cannot be ʔo-marked and
    cannot be marked for ERG, ABS, or OBL.

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  30. VARIABLE EDGE TONES
    !30
    e ˌfaʔamaˌŋalo-ˈina e Maˈnino ˈsoʔo se aŋaˈsala
    pres forgive-erg erg Manino any a wrong
    ‘Manino forgives any wrong.’
    e ˌfaʔamaˌŋalo-ˈina H% e Maˈnino H% ˈsoʔo se aŋaˈsala
    pres forgive-erg erg Manino any a wrong
    ‘Manino forgives any wrong.’

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  31. VARIABLE EDGE TONES
    !31
    e ˌfaʔamaˌŋalo-ˈina e ˈBenjamin ˈsoʔo se ˌaŋaˈsala
    pres forgive-erg erg Benjamin any a wrong
    ‘Benjamin forgives any wrong.’
    e ˌfaʔamaˌŋalo-ˈina e ˈBenjamin H- ˈsoʔo se ˌaŋaˈsala
    pres forgive-erg erg Benjamin any a wrong
    ‘Benjamin forgives any wrong.’
    BACH TEST

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  32. VARIABLE EDGE TONES
    !32
    na ŋaˈlue Habs ˈAaron i le maˈmanu a ˈAndrew
    PAST work Aaron OBL the design GEN Andrew
    ‘Aaron worked on Andrew’s design.’
    na ŋaˈlue Habs ˈAaron H- ˈʔi le maˈmanu a ˈAndrew
    PAST work Aaron OBL the design GEN Andrew
    ‘Aaron worked on Andrew’s design.’
    Context: Did Aaron work on Andrew’s design? Yes,…

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  33. !33
    H-
    Phonological
    phrase ()
    PROSODIC
    STRUCTURE
    BUILDING

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  34. Syntactic H always present
    unless overridden by L%.
    VARIABLE EDGE TONES
    !34
    leˈai, ʔo le maˈmanu Hfront na laˌlaŋa-ˈina
    NEG TOPIC the design PAST weave-ERG
    e le maˈlini i le aˈsoː
    ERG the marine today
    ‘No, it was the design that the marine wove today.’
    (L%) (L%)
    Context: Did the marine weave the basket today?

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  35. !35
    PROSODIC LENGTH:
    NOMINALIZATION VARIABILITY
    na manaˈtua e Ioˈane Habs le maˈlaŋa
    past remember erg John abs the journey
    ‘John remembered the journey.’
    na mataˈmata Habs Ioˈane i le maˈlaŋa
    past watch abs John obl the journey
    ‘John watched the journey.’
    MINIMAL
    COMPARISON

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  36. !36
    PROSODIC LENGTH:
    NOMINALIZATION VARIABILITY
    na manaˈtua e Ioˈane Habs le maˈlaŋa
    past remember erg John abs the journey
    ‘John remembered the journey.’
    + a Kalolo Malala analeilaː
    ‘of Kalolo Malala earlier’
    (L%) (L%)
    Syntactic H always present
    unless overridden by L%.

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  37. !37
    Habs,
    Hcoord,
    Hfront,
    .
    .
    .
    H-,
    H%,
    L%,
    .
    .
    .
    SYNTACTIC
    STRUCTURE
    BUILDING
    PROSODIC
    STRUCTURE
    BUILDING

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  38. !38
    SYNTACTIC
    STRUCTURE
    BUILDING
    PROSODIC
    STRUCTURE
    BUILDING
    EDGE TONE
    Predictable given particular
    syntactic structure
    Not predictable given particular
    syntactic structure
    Invariably occurs given
    particular syntactic structure
    (unless overridden by
    boundary tone)
    Variably occurs in variable
    positions between tokens within
    a speaker and across speakers,
    sensitive to prosodic factors
    Does not co-occur with
    correlates of prosodic
    juncture
    Co-occurs with correlates of
    prosodic juncture: lengthening/
    pauses, stress/glottal stop
    insertion on V function words

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  39. !39
    ]H
    UBIQUITOUS
    TONAL
    CROWDING
    LH*
    BACH TEST
    MINIMAL
    COMPARISON
    ˈBenjamin

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  40. !40
    [ ]XP
    Spellout of
    syntactic structure
    T
    ( )
    Prosodic
    structure
    T-
    Boundary
    tone
    semantics
    information
    structure
    syntax

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  41. AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
    Ross et al. (2007), p. xvi, Map 1
    !41

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  42. !42
    APPENDIX

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  43. !43
    Jun and Fletcher (2017): §16.2.1.1

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  44. !44
    ACCENTUAL PHRASES IN BENGALI
    100
    150
    200
    250
    300
    Fundamental frequency (Hz)
    Time (s)
    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L* Ha
    L*L%
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L* Ha
    L* L%
    rumu nepaler ranir malider namgulo mone rakhte pare ni
    Rumu Nepal’s queen’s the gardeners’ the names remember couldn’t
    Khan (2008)

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