Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

Implementing Finite State Intonational Grammars to Understand Gradient Prosodic Manipulations in Infant-directed Speech

Implementing Finite State Intonational Grammars to Understand Gradient Prosodic Manipulations in Infant-directed Speech

Joint work with Sameer ud Dowla Khan and Megha Sundara.
Hanyang International Symposium on Phonetics and Cognitive Sciences of Language 2018. http://site.hanyang.ac.kr/web/hisphoncog/

krisyu

May 18, 2018
Tweet

More Decks by krisyu

Other Decks in Education

Transcript

  1. IMPLEMENTING FINITE STATE
    GRAMMARS FOR UNDERSTANDING
    PROSODIC MANIPULATIONS IN
    INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    KRISTINE M. YU UMASS AMHERST
    SAMEER UD DOWLA KHAN REED COLLEGE
    MEGHA SUNDARA UCLA
    HISPHONCOG, HANYANG, KOREA MAY 2018

    View Slide

  2. COLLABORATORS
    2
    Sameer ud
    Dowla Khan
    Megha Sundara

    View Slide

  3. RESEARCH QUESTION
    3
    Many subphonemic and gradient aspects of speech,
    whether segmental or suprasegmental, which were once
    considered to be beyond the speaker’s control, are now
    understood as part of the linguistic system stipulated
    by the grammar of a given language.
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  4. CHALLENGES
    4
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  5. CHALLENGES
    4
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  6. CHALLENGES
    4
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  7. CHALLENGES
    4
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider
    range of speech styles and contexts
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  8. CHALLENGES
    4
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider
    range of speech styles and contexts
    ‣ the contextual dependence of individual tonal
    elements on one another
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  9. CHALLENGES
    4
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider
    range of speech styles and contexts
    ‣ the contextual dependence of individual tonal
    elements on one another
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?
    Proposed overall strategy:
    To implement finite state intonational grammars

    View Slide

  10. 5
    https://timedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/89845500.jpg
    Infant directed speech
    (IDS)
    Case study of a particular speech style/variety

    View Slide

  11. 6
    CHALLENGE 1:
    ENTANGLEMENT OF
    EXTRA-LINGUISTIC AND LINGUISTIC
    FACTORS

    View Slide

  12. CHALLENGE: EXTRA-LINGUISTIC/LINGUISTIC
    7
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  13. CHALLENGE: EXTRA-LINGUISTIC/LINGUISTIC
    7
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  14. CHALLENGE: EXTRA-LINGUISTIC/LINGUISTIC
    7
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?
    Proposed strategy:
    Analyze f0 contours using
    intonational phonology

    View Slide

  15. PROPERTIES OF (CANONICAL) INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    8
    ▸ Higher and wider fundamental frequency (f0) range
    ▸ Slower speech rate; more/longer pauses
    Fernald and Simon (1984), Fernald and Mazzie (1991), Albin and Echols (1996), Kitamura et al. (2002), i.a.

    View Slide

  16. IDS AS A SOCIO-AFFECTIVE SIGNAL
    9
    ▸ Rising pitch contours for eliciting attention
    ▸ Sinusoidal and bell-shaped pitch contours used for
    maintaining attention and positive rapport
    (Stern et al. 1982)

    View Slide

  17. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Adult-directed speech
    10

    View Slide

  18. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Adult-directed speech
    10

    View Slide

  19. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Adult-directed speech
    10

    View Slide

  20. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Infant-directed speech
    Adult-directed speech
    10

    View Slide

  21. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Infant-directed speech
    Adult-directed speech
    10

    View Slide

  22. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Infant-directed speech
    Adult-directed speech
    10

    View Slide

  23. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Infant-directed speech
    Adult-directed speech
    10

    View Slide

  24. BENGALI INFANT-DIRECTED SPEECH
    10
    Infant-directed speech
    Adult-directed speech
    10
    Not just wider f0 range, but different kinds of tones

    View Slide

  25. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    11
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  26. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    11
    Challenge:
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  27. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    11
    Challenge:
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  28. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    11
    Challenge:
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    Strategy:
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  29. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    11
    Challenge:
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    Strategy:
    ‣ Analyze f0 contours as well-formed sequences of tonal
    elements (sequences derived from a finite state
    tonotactic intonational grammar)
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  30. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    11
    Challenge:
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    Strategy:
    ‣ Analyze f0 contours as well-formed sequences of tonal
    elements (sequences derived from a finite state
    tonotactic intonational grammar)
    ‣ Igarashi et al. (2013): Tokyo Japanese IDS only
    apparently not a wider f0 range; wider f0 range if
    looking just at boundary tones
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  31. 12
    TONOTACTIC GRAMMARS: TOKYO JAPANESE
    (Pierrehumbert and Beckman, 1988; Maekawa et
    al., 2002; Venditti, 2005; Igarashi et al. 2013)

    View Slide

  32. 12
    TONOTACTIC GRAMMARS: TOKYO JAPANESE
    (Pierrehumbert and Beckman, 1988; Maekawa et
    al., 2002; Venditti, 2005; Igarashi et al. 2013)
    “Boundary pitch movement” tones:
    locus of f0 range expansion

    View Slide

  33. 13
    TONOTACTIC GRAMMARS: ENGLISH
    Pierrehumbert (1980), Pierrehumbert & Beckman (1986),
    Pierrehumbert (2000), Beckman et al. (2005), i.a.
    “Mainstream
    American
    English
    (MAE)”

    View Slide

  34. 13
    TONOTACTIC GRAMMARS: ENGLISH
    Pierrehumbert (1980), Pierrehumbert & Beckman (1986),
    Pierrehumbert (2000), Beckman et al. (2005), i.a.
    “Mainstream
    American
    English
    (MAE)”
    If a sequence can be generated
    via a path through the machine,
    then it is well-formed.

    View Slide

  35. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    14
    Challenge:
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    Strategy:
    ‣ Analyze f0 contours as well-formed sequences of tonal
    elements (sequences derived from a finite state
    tonotactic intonational grammar)
    ‣ Igarashi et al. (2013): Tokyo Japanese IDS only
    apparently not a wider f0 range; wider f0 range if
    looking just at boundary tones
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  36. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    14
    Challenge:
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    Strategy:
    ‣ Analyze f0 contours as well-formed sequences of tonal
    elements (sequences derived from a finite state
    tonotactic intonational grammar)
    ‣ Igarashi et al. (2013): Tokyo Japanese IDS only
    apparently not a wider f0 range; wider f0 range if
    looking just at boundary tones
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?
    Why finite state grammar?

    View Slide

  37. 15
    LEXICON AND FINITE/FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    ‣ A grammar derives the set of well-formed tonal sequences
    over a lexicon of tonal elements, i.e., a tonal inventory
    Common for intonational grammars to be
    expressed/summarized as a lexicon

    View Slide

  38. 16
    CHICKASAW INTONATIONAL LEXICON
    Gordon (2005)

    View Slide

  39. 17
    BENGALI INTONATIONAL LEXICON
    Khan (2014)

    View Slide

  40. 18
    LEXICON AND FINITE/FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    ‣ A grammar derives the set of well-formed tonal sequences
    over a lexicon of tonal elements
    ‣ A finite grammar is just a list of these well-formed sequences
    ‣ No generalizations
    Also common for intonational grammars to be
    expressed/summarized as a finite grammar (list)

    View Slide

  41. 19
    Pierrehumbert & Hirschberg (1990)
    WELL-FORMED ENGLISH TONAL SEQUENCES: LIST

    View Slide

  42. 20
    WELL-FORMED FRIULIAN TONAL SEQUENCES: LIST
    Roseano et al. (2015)

    View Slide

  43. 21
    LEXICON, FINITE, AND FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    ‣ A grammar derives the set of well-formed tonal sequences
    over a lexicon of tonal elements
    ‣ A finite grammar is just a list of these well-formed sequences
    ‣ No generalizations
    ‣ A finite state grammar compresses the list by encoding
    generalizations from shared prefixes in well-formed
    sequences

    View Slide

  44. BENGALI ACCENTUAL PHRASES
    22
    100
    150
    200
    250
    300
    Fundamental frequency (Hz)
    Time (s)
    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L* Ha
    L*L%
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L* Ha
    L* L%
    rumu nepaler ranir malider namgulo mone rakhte pare ni
    Rumu Nepal’s queen’s the gardeners’ the names remember couldn’t
    `Rumu couldn’t remember the names of the
    gardeners of the queen of Nepal.’ Khan (2008)

    View Slide

  45. BENGALI ACCENTUAL PHRASES
    22
    100
    150
    200
    250
    300
    Fundamental frequency (Hz)
    Time (s)
    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L* Ha
    L*L%
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L*
    Ha
    L* Ha
    L* L%
    rumu nepaler ranir malider namgulo mone rakhte pare ni
    Rumu Nepal’s queen’s the gardeners’ the names remember couldn’t
    `Rumu couldn’t remember the names of the
    gardeners of the queen of Nepal.’ Khan (2008)

    View Slide

  46. 23
    FINITE GRAMMAR (LIST) FOR BENGALI
    ‣ L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    ‣ L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* Ha L* L%
    Repeated L* Ha chunk is a coincidence,
    no generalization

    View Slide

  47. 24
    FINITE STATE GRAMMAR FOR BENGALI*
    Khan (2008, 2014), Yu, Khan & Sundara (under revision)
    IP
    AP
    Ha
    PA
    L*
    Ha
    AP
    La
    PA
    H*
    La
    L*
    H*
    ip
    L-
    H-
    L%
    H%
    LH%
    HL%
    HLH%
    *non-focus contexts,
    typical tunes, no “over-
    ride” of boundary tones

    View Slide

  48. 24
    FINITE STATE GRAMMAR FOR BENGALI*
    Khan (2008, 2014), Yu, Khan & Sundara (under revision)
    IP
    AP
    Ha
    PA
    L*
    Ha
    AP
    La
    PA
    H*
    La
    L*
    H*
    ip
    L-
    H-
    L%
    H%
    LH%
    HL%
    HLH%
    *non-focus contexts,
    typical tunes, no “over-
    ride” of boundary tones

    View Slide

  49. 25
    CHALLENGES 2/3:
    EVOLVING HYPOTHESES,
    GENERALIZABILITY TO
    LANGUAGE VARIETIES

    View Slide

  50. REVISIONS OF MAE TOBI
    26
    (Jun 2011)

    View Slide

  51. GUSSENHOVEN (2004, 2016): REVISION OF MAE TOBI
    27

    View Slide

  52. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  53. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    Challenges:
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  54. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    Challenges:
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about intonational inventory, tonotactics
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  55. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    Challenges:
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about intonational inventory, tonotactics
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  56. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    Challenges:
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about intonational inventory, tonotactics
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  57. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    Challenges:
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about intonational inventory, tonotactics
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    ‣ Write down current proposed grammar as finite state
    grammar and compile as finite state machine
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  58. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    Challenges:
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about intonational inventory, tonotactics
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    ‣ Write down current proposed grammar as finite state
    grammar and compile as finite state machine
    ‣ Check intonational transcriptions in new corpus by parsing
    them with finite state machine
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  59. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    28
    Challenges:
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about intonational inventory, tonotactics
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    ‣ Write down current proposed grammar as finite state
    grammar and compile as finite state machine
    ‣ Check intonational transcriptions in new corpus by parsing
    them with finite state machine
    ‣ Diagnose problems → revisions to intonational grammar
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  60. DEFINING BENGALI GRAMMAR IN xfst (excerpts)
    29
    xfst: Beesley & Karttunen (2003)

    View Slide

  61. DEFINING BENGALI GRAMMAR IN xfst (excerpts)
    30

    View Slide

  62. DEFINING BENGALI GRAMMAR IN xfst (excerpts)
    31

    View Slide

  63. 32
    IMPLEMENTED FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    English Bengali

    View Slide

  64. 32
    IMPLEMENTED FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    English Bengali
    1. For each utterance in corpus, parse
    intonational transcription using finite state
    machine: accepted or not?
    2. Over corpus, count up how many times each
    arc traversed to estimate arc weights
    (probability that an arc is traversed)

    View Slide

  65. PARSING WITH BENGALI FINITE STATE MACHINE
    33
    ‣ Failed to accept 1.5% of exemplars
    ‣ (21/1367 total; 9/549 in non-IDS, 12/818 in IDS)
    ‣ Characteristics of the rejected exemplars were the same
    across speech styles
    ‣ New `stacked’ boundary tone fHaL%
    ‣ Unexpected sequences of pitch accents
    ‣ Distribution of weak accents (*), e.g.,
    ‣ Characteristics of unaccepted tonal sequences provide
    direction for revisions to grammar (evolving hypotheses)

    View Slide

  66. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    34
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  67. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    34
    Challenges:
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  68. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    34
    Challenges:
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  69. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    34
    Challenges:
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  70. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    34
    Challenges:
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    ‣ Check if all IDS transcriptions are accepted by finite state
    machine
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  71. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    34
    Challenges:
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    ‣ Check if all IDS transcriptions are accepted by finite state
    machine
    ‣ Estimate arc weights on finite state machine using: (1) non-IDS
    corpus, (2) IDS corpus.
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  72. STRATEGY: PARSE WITH FINITE STATE GRAMMAR
    34
    Challenges:
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider range of
    speech styles and contexts
    Strategy:
    ‣ Check if all IDS transcriptions are accepted by finite state
    machine
    ‣ Estimate arc weights on finite state machine using: (1) non-IDS
    corpus, (2) IDS corpus.
    ‣ See how probable IDS transcriptions are using non-IDS arc
    weights and vice versa
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  73. HOW PROBABLE ARE IDS SEQUENCES?
    35
    non−ids
    ids
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    Probability ratio
    Distribution for each speech style
    IDS tonal sequences markedly more probable
    under IDS-tuned FSG than non-IDS-tuned FSG

    View Slide

  74. HOW PROBABLE ARE IDS SEQUENCES?
    35
    non−ids
    ids
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    Probability ratio
    Distribution for each speech style
    Probability ratio = ratio of the probability
    assigned by the IDS-tuned probabilistic FSG to
    the probability assigned by non-IDS-tuned
    probabilistic FSG
    IDS tonal sequences markedly more probable
    under IDS-tuned FSG than non-IDS-tuned FSG

    View Slide

  75. HOW PROBABLE ARE IDS SEQUENCES?
    35
    non−ids
    ids
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    Probability ratio
    Distribution for each speech style
    IDS tonal sequences markedly more probable
    under IDS-tuned FSG than non-IDS-tuned FSG

    View Slide

  76. 36
    CHALLENGE 4:
    CONTEXTUAL DEPENDENCE
    OF TONES

    View Slide

  77. BAG OF TONES MODEL
    37
    L% LH% HLH%
    H% HL%
    0.0
    0.1
    0.2
    0.3
    0.4
    0.0
    0.1
    0.2
    0.3
    0.00
    0.05
    0.10
    0.15
    0.000
    0.025
    0.050
    0.075
    0.100
    0.125
    0.00
    0.02
    0.04
    0.06
    non−IDS IDS non−IDS IDS non−IDS IDS
    non−IDS IDS non−IDS IDS
    Style
    Mean relative frequency
    Intonational phrase L% LH% HLH% H% HL%
    Yu, Khan & Sundara (2014)

    View Slide

  78. BAG OF TONES MODEL
    37
    L% LH% HLH%
    H% HL%
    0.0
    0.1
    0.2
    0.3
    0.4
    0.0
    0.1
    0.2
    0.3
    0.00
    0.05
    0.10
    0.15
    0.000
    0.025
    0.050
    0.075
    0.100
    0.125
    0.00
    0.02
    0.04
    0.06
    non−IDS IDS non−IDS IDS non−IDS IDS
    non−IDS IDS non−IDS IDS
    Style
    Mean relative frequency
    Intonational phrase L% LH% HLH% H% HL%
    Yu, Khan & Sundara (2014)
    Ex: Count up how many
    times there was an HLH%
    in non-IDS vs. IDS

    View Slide

  79. 38
    FIRST-ORDER MODEL
    Khan (2008, 2014), Yu, Khan & Sundara (under revision)
    IP
    AP
    Ha
    PA
    L*
    Ha
    AP
    La
    PA
    H*
    La
    L*
    H*
    ip
    L-
    H-
    L%
    H%
    LH%
    HL%
    HLH%

    View Slide

  80. 38
    FIRST-ORDER MODEL
    Khan (2008, 2014), Yu, Khan & Sundara (under revision)
    IP
    AP
    Ha
    PA
    L*
    Ha
    AP
    La
    PA
    H*
    La
    L*
    H*
    ip
    L-
    H-
    L%
    H%
    LH%
    HL%
    HLH%
    Computed probabilities of
    traversing an arc conditioned
    on probabilities of reaching
    that state emitting arc

    View Slide

  81. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    39
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  82. STRATEGY: INTONATIONAL PHONOLOGY
    39
    Challenges:
    ‣ the contextual dependence of individual tonal elements on
    one another
    Strategy:
    ‣ Compute probability of an individual tonal element
    conditioned on probability of paths that arrive at that state
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  83. STRATEGY: IMPLEMENT FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    40
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  84. STRATEGY: IMPLEMENT FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    40
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  85. STRATEGY: IMPLEMENT FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    40
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  86. STRATEGY: IMPLEMENT FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    40
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider
    range of speech styles and contexts
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  87. STRATEGY: IMPLEMENT FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    40
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider
    range of speech styles and contexts
    ‣ the contextual dependence of individual tonal
    elements on one another
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?

    View Slide

  88. STRATEGY: IMPLEMENT FINITE STATE GRAMMARS
    40
    ‣ the entanglement of extra-linguistic and linguistic
    factors in conditioning f0 variation
    ‣ evolving hypotheses about proposed intonational
    grammars
    ‣ the generalizability of proposed grammars to a wider
    range of speech styles and contexts
    ‣ the contextual dependence of individual tonal
    elements on one another
    What are the linguistic functions of gradient
    modulations in the fundamental frequency contour?
    Proposed overall strategy:
    To implement finite state intonational grammars

    View Slide

  89. (2ND ORDER MODEL, IF MORE DATA)
    41
    (Dainora 2006)

    View Slide

  90. FSG FOR ENGLISH INTONATION
    42
    Gussenhoven (2004, 2016)

    View Slide

  91. COMPARING FSGS FOR FRENCH AND ENGLISH
    43

    View Slide