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How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes

How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes

Keynote at AEMS Conference 2017, Bangkok

Stephan Krusche

March 27, 2017
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  1. Stephan Krusche: Keynote AEMS Conference 2017, March 27
    How to Integrate Interactive Learning
    into Large Classes
    [email protected] - www.skrusche.de - @skrusche

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  2. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes 2
    What are large classes?

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  3. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes 3
    This a large class …

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  4. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Traditional courses with large classes
    4
    Educator
    Lecture Exercise
    Student
    Delay (week)

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  5. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes 5
    Lecture
    Educator
    Exercise
    Student
    Computer based and experiential learning
    Delay (day)

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  6. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Interactive learning
    6
    delay
    (min)
    Delay
    (min)
    Educator
    Theory
    Student
    Exercise
    Interactive class
    ➡ Multiple iterations in one class

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  7. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Interactive learning
    7
    “Tell me and I will forget.
    Show me and I will remember.
    Involve me and I will understand.
    Step back and I will act.”
    — Chinese Proverb
    Immediate
    feedback
    Definition: Educators teach and exercise small chunks of content in short cycles in class. 

    They provide guidance to prevent misconception and immediate feedback so that
    learners can reflect on the content and increase their knowledge incrementally.
    Exercise
    Example
    Solution
    Reflection
    Theory
    Student

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  8. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Typical in-class exercise types
    Individual exercises
    • E1 Quizzes with multiple choice questions
    • E2 Tutorials with step by step instructions
    • E3 Coding challenges to solve programming assignments
    • E4 Modeling exercises
    Team exercises
    • E5 Project team work (including communication and collaboration aspects)
    ➡ (Semi-) automatic correction reduces the effort of the instructor
    8

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  9. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example E1: quiz with checkmarks
    9

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  10. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example E1: quiz with drag and drop exercise
    10

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  11. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Best practices: quizzes
    • Alternate different quiz types, e.g. checkmarks, drop down, drag and drop, fill blanks
    • Double check the correctness of question and answer choices
    • Avoid too complex questions and answer choices (e.g. avoid double negation)
    • Avoid too many answer options
    • Mix easy, medium and difficult questions in each quiz to keep the motivation high
    • Possible tools: Moodle, edX, Google Forms, …
    11

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  12. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example E2: tutorials with step by step instructions
    12
    Teaching
    assistant

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  13. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Best practices: tutorials with step by step instructions
    • Precisely describe each step (distribute slides before class)
    • Ask whether students can follow during the exercise
    • Offer optional challenges for experienced students
    • If possible have teaching assistants (TAs) in class who help the students if they face
    problems
    • Repeat crucial steps
    • Take your time - do not rush through the tutorial
    13

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  14. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example E3: coding challenge
    14

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  15. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Automatic assessment of coding challenges
    15
    Student
    Version
    Control
    Server
    1
    submit
    solution
    Continuous
    Integration
    Server
    2
    check for
    changes
    3
    compile,
    run tests
    4
    notify student
    with feedback

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  16. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Best practices: coding challenge
    • Reward all students (not only the best ones)
    • Add tasks directly into the source code or next to the source code
    • Optional challenges for experienced students
    • Allow successful failures
    • Put effort in automatic testing and automatic feedback —> less manual correction
    • Possible tools: AutoGrader, ArTEMiS (https://github.com/ls1intum/ArTEMiS)
    16

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  17. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example E4: modeling exercise
    17
    Typical
    beginner
    error
    Good structure that
    should appear in
    each solution

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  18. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Best practices: modeling exercises
    • Precisely define what should be modeled
    • Give students the possibility to present their solutions
    • Show exemplary student solutions (anonymized) and point out typical errors and
    correct parts
    • Show intermediate solutions and/or give hints
    • Let students use the tool of their choice for modeling
    • Let students be creative
    18

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  19. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example E5: project team work
    19

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  20. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes 20
    Example E5: project team work

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  21. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example E5: project team work
    21

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  22. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes 22
    46.5 cm Fake

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  23. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Best practices: project team work
    • Plan time for finding teams
    • Integrate all students in the lecture hall
    • If possible: include assessment metrics to motivate all team members to participate
    • Clearly communicate the goals, but provide freedom for creative deviations
    • Plan your time: team exercises are very time consuming
    ➡They bring a lot of fun!
    23

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  24. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Example: combination of different types of exercises
    24

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  25. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Best practices for in-class exercises
    • Clearly describe the exercise goals
    • Avoid complex setups and make it easy for students to participate
    • Show a timer and give time extensions if necessary
    • Hire teaching assistants or very good students in your class:
    • Walk around and help students
    • Check if they are doing the right things
    • Take your time and walk around as well to get a feeling
    • Create a culture that failures are allowed and reward if students learn from such
    failures
    25

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  26. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Informal communication increases the interaction
    26

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  27. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Courses in which we apply interactive learning
    (1) Bachelor: Introduction to Software Engineering (~1400 students)
    (2) Master: Patterns in Software Engineering (PSE) (~400 students)
    (3) Bachelor / Master: Project Organization and Management (POM) (~400 students)
    (4) Bachelor / Master: Introduction to iOS and Swift Programming (~100 students)
    (5) Bachelor / Master: Software Engineering Essentials (MOOC)
    27

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  28. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes 28
    What students say about courses where we apply interactive learning …
    “The course is highly interactive and practical usage oriented. It keeps the
    mind pacing and makes it easier to understand the concepts.”
    “The interwoven format of lectures and exercises allow me to activate the
    obtained knowledge immediately after getting them. 

    I deem this very efficient, as the course itself is rather practical.”
    “The interactive lectures are very useful and interesting.“
    “Best lecture in the Informatics faculty.”

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  29. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Perceived improved learning
    29
    0%
    20%
    40%
    60%
    80%
    100%
    In the exercises, I was able to improve 

    my skills in agile methods
    I am confident to apply agile 

    methods in my next team project
    3%
    3%
    9%
    12%
    88%
    85%
    Agree Neutral Disagree
    ➡ Similar results for other taught topics

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  30. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Perceived improved learning
    30
    0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
    9%
    11%
    24%
    10%
    13%
    7%
    26%
    24%
    23%
    14%
    16%
    13%
    65%
    65%
    53%
    76%
    71%
    80%
    Agree Neutral Disagree
    The mix of theory and exercises in 

    class contributed to my learning success
    The mix of theory and exercises 

    improved my understanding during class
    In-class exercises motivated me to attend the lecture
    Quizzes motivated me during class to actively listen
    Interactive tutorials were particularly helpful 

    to understand concepts that I did not know before
    Team exercises helped me to apply a concept in a different
    setting to deepen my knowledge and understanding

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  31. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes 31
    0
    70
    140
    210
    280
    350
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
    63
    71
    62
    44
    87
    109
    123
    222
    104
    199
    103
    149
    192
    125
    199
    Participants per class (2014)
    Total participants: 345
    58% 36% 56% 43% 30% 58% 30% 64% 36% 32% 25% 13% 18% 21% 18%
    Higher participation
    Traditional
    teaching
    0
    50
    100
    150
    200
    250
    300
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
    154
    142
    149
    153
    175
    168
    192
    185
    186
    217
    211
    221
    203
    Participants per class (2016)
    Total Participants: 272
    75% 81% 78% 80% 68% 68% 71% 62% 64% 56% 55% 52% 57%
    Interactive
    learning

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  32. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Finding 3: correlation between participation and grade
    32
    1.5
    2
    2.5
    3
    3.5
    4
    2.0
    2.1
    2.3
    2.5
    3.1
    2.4
    2.5
    2.9
    3.6
    3.9
    GPA in POM GPA in PSE
    Exercise participation
    20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %
    0 %
    POM: χ2 = 82.53 (p < 0.0001)
    PSE: χ2 = 48.01 (p < 0.0001)
    (lower grade = better)
    bad
    grade
    good
    grade

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  33. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    How should I start with interactive learning? Recommendations
    • Start with quizzes
    • Easy to setup and maintain during class
    • But: don’t overdo it!
    • Include small live tutorials
    • Also easy to setup and maintain during class
    • Try it out and iteratively improve the exercises during class
    33

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  34. Stephan Krusche - Keynote AEMS Conference 2017: How to Integrate Interactive Learning into Large Classes
    Conclusion about interactive learning
    + Tighter integration of lectures and exercises leads to interactive classes
    + Higher participation in classes than in traditional courses
    + Correlation between exercise participation and final exam grade
    + Scalable and applicable to large classes without increasing teaching effort
    significantly
    ✓ Want to adopt this approach? Talk to us or send us a mail: [email protected]
    ✓ More information on www.interactive-learning.org
    34

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  35. How to Integrate Interactive Learning
    into Large Classes
    [email protected] - www.skrusche.de - @skrusche
    Thank you!
    Stephan Krusche: Keynote AEMS Conference 2017, March 27

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