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ビットコインの技術 / Bitcoin Technology

ビットコインの技術 / Bitcoin Technology

2022年1月26日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミーにて使用したスライドです。

Kenji Saito

January 26, 2022
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  1. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993

    ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 ( (VR) ) → ( ) — — 2022-01-26 – p.3/41
  2. ( ) : Kalle Rosenbaum , , — (2020) :

    1 — — 2022-01-26 – p.4/41
  3. (1) = ( ) ⇒ P2P ⇒ ( ) —

    — 2022-01-26 – p.7/41
  4. (2) (double spending) ( ) ⇒ ⇒ ( ) →

    ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ → → ⇒ → — — 2022-01-26 – p.8/41
  5. / (1) 2,100 cm3 (cc) 1 1cm3 10 6.25cm3 ⇒

    ⇒ ( ) — — 2022-01-26 – p.10/41
  6. / (2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

    ( ) ( ) → ( ) — — 2022-01-26 – p.11/41
  7. ∼ ϖʔδ൪߸O ϖʔδ൪߸O  ϖʔδ൪߸O  ϖʔδ൪߸O  ϖʔδ൪߸O 

    ϖʔδ൪߸O  ϖʔδ൪߸O  ϖʔδ൪߸O  ͬͪ͜ͷྺ࢙͕༗ޮ ( (= ) ) — — 2022-01-26 – p.14/41
  8. = (virtually) = = = : → ( ) —

    — 2022-01-26 – p.15/41
  9. ϏοτίΠϯωοτϫʔΫ ɾ ճͷʮ࠾۷ʯྔ͸໿  ೥ຖʹ൒ݮ ɾ߹ܭ໿   ສ #5$

    ·Ͱ औҾͷొ࿥ ख਺ྉ ख਺ྉ औҾͷঝೝ ϚΠχϯά࣌ ϚΠχϯά ࠾۷ ͸ ֬཰తաఔ ฏۉ  ෼͓͖ʹ੒ޭ ૹۚࢦࣔ͸֤͕ࣗ΋ͭ ϓϥΠϕʔτΩʔͰ ແͨ͘͠Β࠶ൃߦෆՄ ϚΠφʔ ࠾۷ऀ ࢧ෷͍ɾ྆ସ ͳͲͷܦࡁ׆ಈ ར༻ऀ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ ݩா Πϯλʔωοτ্ͷԾ૝ωοτϫʔΫ ʜ ˞#5$ϏοτίΠϯͷ୯Ґ #5$ ରԠ ϒϩοΫ ϒϩοΫ ϒϩοΫ औҾ ૹۚ औҾͷه࿥ ΞυϨε Ѽઌ ϓϥΠϕʔτΩʔ ຊਓͷূ໌ — — 2022-01-26 – p.17/41
  10. μΠδΣετ ϒϩοΫ O ϚΠχϯάใु ݻఆ஋  ख਺ྉ ೖྗͷ߹ܭͱग़ྗͷ߹ܭͷࠩ .FSLMF໦Λܭࢉͯ͠ ͦͷϧʔτ஋Λ֨ೲ

    ͍ͣΕऔҾه࿥͕औΓग़͞Εɺ ͦͷ࣌఺ͷਖ਼࢙ʹೖ͍ͬͯͳ͍΋ͷͳΒ ৽ͨͳϒϩοΫͷதʹ֨ೲ͞ΕΔ ᶃਖ਼౰ੑͷอূ ϏοτίΠϯͰ͸ 6590 ߏ଄ ᶄଘࡏੑͷূ໌ ϏοτίΠϯͰ͸࡞ۀূ໌෇͖ϋογϡνΣʔϯ ᶅ།Ұੑͷ߹ҙ ϏοτίΠϯͰ͸ φΧϞτɾίϯηϯαε ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫ O  μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ #5$ ੜ੒ औҾ औҾ औҾ औҾ ʜʜ ΑΓ௕͍ ࡞ۀূ໌ ͷίετ͕ΑΓ෷Θ Ε͍ͯΔ νΣʔϯ ͕༗ޮͱͳΔ μΠδΣετ㱡λʔήοτ 1SPPG0G8PSL ࡞ۀূ໌ աڈͷऔҾग़ྗ΁ͷࢀর σδλϧॺ໊ ެ։ݤ Ѽઌͱྔ ίΠϯ λʔήοτ ϊϯε ೖྗ ೖྗ ग़ྗ ग़ྗ 1. 10 ( ) 2. 3. 1 — — 2022-01-26 – p.19/41
  11. /DLT ਖ਼౰ੑͷอূ ྫ6590ߏ଄ͱσδλϧॺ໊ ଘࡏੑͷূ໌ ྫ࡞ۀূ໌෇͖ϋογϡνΣʔϯ །Ұੑͷ߹ҙ ྫφΧϞτɾίϯηϯαε ϧʔϧͷهड़ ྫ#5$ͷҠస ɾ

    τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷ಺༰͕վ͟ΜͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ ͦͷΞηοτʹؔ͢ΔաڈͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯྻʹরΒͯ͠ໃ६͕ͳ͘ɺ ɾ ͔ͭɺਖ਼౰ͳϢʔβʹΑΓ౤ೖ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛอূ͢Δ ɾաڈʹ͋ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛຣফͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ ͔ͭɺաڈʹͳ͔ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛ፻଄Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ɾໃ६͢Δ;ͨͭͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕౤ೖ͞Εͨ৔߹ɺ ɹ ͍ͣΕ ؔ༩͢Δશһ͕ಉ͡ยํΛબΜͰྺ࢙ͷதʹҐஔ͚ͮΔ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩδοΫ Կ͕ਖ਼͍͠τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͔ΛܾΊΔ — — 2022-01-26 – p.20/41
  12. 0 and/or “The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second

    bailout for banks” 2009 1 3 2 https://blockchain.com 0 BTC Block “Hex to ASCII Text Converter” — — 2022-01-26 – p.22/41
  13. Merkle ( ) Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 TX (

    ) — — 2022-01-26 – p.28/41
  14. Block Header Data Structure Field Description Size (bytes) Version 4

    Digest Double SHA-256 value 32 Merkle root Double SHA-256 value 32 Time Seconds (since 1970-01-01T00:00 UTC) 4 Target Compressed format 4 Nonce Appropriate value 4 Merkle root is the digest of all TXs — — 2022-01-26 – p.29/41
  15. Proof of Work ( ) ( ) . . .

    : Hashcash (1997) SHA-1 20 ( ) 0 1 1 / — — 2022-01-26 – p.31/41
  16. CPU → GPU → FPGA → ASIC ( ) →

    → ( ) ⇒ BTC BTC — — 2022-01-26 – p.33/41
  17. POW ( ) Proof Of Work . . . —

    — 2022-01-26 – p.35/41
  18. (2009 1 ∼2022 1 ) 2 → 2 2 →

    → — — 2022-01-26 – p.36/41