Elixir from a Clojurian's Perspective

ClojurianからみたElixir
Clojure使い(Clojurian)としてElixirに入門した話です(*> ᴗ •*)ゞ

Transcript

1. Clojurian Elixir Clojurian Elixir
2. lagénorhynque lagénorhynque (defprofile lagénorhynque :id @lagenorhynque :reading "/laʒenɔʁɛ̃ k/" :aliases [" "] :languages [Clojure Haskell English français] :interests [programming language-learning law mathematics] :commits ["github.com/lagenorhynque/duct.module.pedestal"] :contributes ["github.com/japan-clojurians/clojure-site-ja"])
3. 6 Lisp 6 Lisp (*> ᴗ •*) (*> ᴗ •*) Clojure : REST API cf. BOOTH https://booth.pm/ja/items/1317263
4. 1. Clojure Elixir 2. Elixir 3. Clojure 4. Clojure
5. Clojure Elixir Clojure Elixir
6. Clojure Clojure : : 2007 : : Java VM (JVM) Lisp / Rich Hickey 1.10.0
7. Elixir Elixir : : 2011 : : Erlang VM (EVM; BEAM) Ruby Clojure José Valim 1.8.2
8. e.g. 20 e.g. 20 Clojure Clojure ;; REPL (read-eval-print loop) user> (->> (iterate (fn [[a b]] [b (+ a b)]) [0 1]) (map first) (take 20)) (0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181)
9. Elixir Elixir # IEx (Interactive Elixir) iex(1)> Stream.iterate({0, 1}, fn {a, b} -> {b, a+b} end) |> ...(1)> Stream.map(&elem(&1, 0)) |> ...(1)> Enum.take(20) [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181] # iex(2)> Stream.unfold({0, 1}, fn {a, b} -> {a, {b, a+b}} end) |> ...(2)> Enum.take(20) [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181]
10. Elixir Elixir à la Clojure?
11. Clojure 2 Clojure 2
12. cf. : cf. : Programming Clojure, Third Edition Programming Clojure, Third Edition
13. Elixir Elixir
14. cf. : cf. : Programming Elixir ≥ 1.6 Programming Elixir ≥ 1.6
15. Ruby, Io, Prolog, Scala, Erlang, Clojure, Haskell 7 7 7 7
16. Lua, Factor, Elixir, Elm, Julia, MiniKanren, Idris Seven More Languages in Seven Weeks Seven More Languages in Seven Weeks
17. Chapter 3, 4, 6: Clojure Chapter 5: Elixir Seven Concurrency Models in Seven Weeks Seven Concurrency Models in Seven Weeks
18. Mastering Clojure Macros Mastering Clojure Macros
19. Metaprogramming Elixir Metaprogramming Elixir
20. Elixir Erlang/OTP Elixir Erlang/OTP Elixir Elixir
21. Elixir Elixir Elixir Elixir
22. Elixir Elixir Getting Started Getting Started
23. Erlang/Elixir Syntax: A Crash Course Erlang/Elixir Syntax: A Crash Course
24. Clojure Clojure
27. Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir cf. (Clojure ) user> '(1 2 3) ; ※ (1 2 3) user> [1 2 3] ; [1 2 3] user> {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3} ; {:a 1, :b 2, :c 3} iex(2)> [1, 2, 3] # [1, 2, 3] iex(3)> {1, 2, 3} # {1, 2, 3} iex(4)> %{a: 1, b: 2, c: 3} # %{a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}
28. / / Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir user> (ns example) ; `example` nil example> (defn square [x] ; `square` (* x x)) #'example/square example> (in-ns 'user) ; `user` #namespace[user] user> iex(5)> defmodule Example do # `Example` ...(5)> def square(x) do # `square` ...(5)> x * x ...(5)> end ...(5)> end {:module, Example, <<70, 79, 82, 49, 0, 0, 4, 100, 66, 69, 65, 77, 65, 116, 85, 56, 0, 0, 0, 14, 14, 69, 108, 105, 120, 105, 114, 46, 69, 120, 97, 101, 8, 95, 95, 105, 110, 102, 111, 95, ...>>, {:square, 1}}
29. Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir user> (example/square 3) ; `example` `square` 9 user> (map example/square (range 1 (inc 10))) (1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100) iex(6)> Example.square(3) # `Example` `square` 9 iex(7)> Enum.map(1..10, &Example.square/1) [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
30. / / Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir user> (map (fn [x] (* x x)) (range 1 (inc 10))) (1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100) user> (map #(* % %) (range 1 (inc 10))) (1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100) iex(8)> Enum.map(1..10, fn(x) -> x * x end) [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100] iex(8)> Enum.map(1..10, &(&1 * &1)) [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
31. ­>> ­>> (threading macro) vs (threading macro) vs |> |> (pipe operator) (pipe operator) Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir cf. user> (->> (range 1 (inc 10)) (map #(* % %)) (filter odd?) (apply +)) 165 iex(9)> require Integer Integer iex(10)> 1..10 |> ...(10)> Enum.map(&(&1 * &1)) |> ...(10)> Enum.filter(&Integer.is_odd/1) |> ...(10)> Enum.sum 165
33. Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir user> (defprotocol Shape ; `Shape` (area [x])) ; `area` Shape iex(1)> defprotocol Shape do # `Shape` ...(1)> def area(x) # `area` ...(1)> end {:module, Shape, ..., {:__protocol__, 1}}
34. / / Clojure Clojure user> (defrecord Triangle [x h] ; `Triangle` Shape ; (area [{:keys [x h]}] (/ (* x h) 2))) user.Triangle user> (area (map->Triangle {:x 3 :h 2})) 3 user> (defrecord Rectangle [x y] ; `Rectangle` Shape ; (area [{:keys [x y]}] (* x y))) user.Rectangle user> (area (map->Rectangle {:x 2 :y 3})) 6
35. Elixir Elixir iex(2)> defmodule Triangle do # `Triangle` ...(2)> defstruct [:x, :h] ...(2)> end {:module, Triangle, ..., %Triangle{h: nil, x: nil}} iex(3)> defimpl Shape, for: Triangle do # ...(3)> def area(%Triangle{x: x, h: h}), do: x * h / 2 ...(3)> end {:module, Shape.Triangle, ..., {:__impl__, 1}} iex(4)> Shape.area(%Triangle{x: 3, h: 2}) 3.0 iex(5)> defmodule Rectangle do # `Rectangle` ...(5)> defstruct [:x, :y] ...(5)> end {:module, Rectangle, ..., %Rectangle{x: nil, y: nil}} iex(6)> defimpl Shape, for: Rectangle do # ...(6)> def area(%Rectangle{x: x, y: y}), do: x * y ...(6)> end {:module, Shape.Rectangle, ..., {:__impl__, 1}} iex(7)> Shape.area(%Rectangle{x: 2, y: 3}) 6
36. Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir user> (defrecord Circle [r]) ; `Circle` user.Circle user> (area (map->Circle {:r 3})) Execution error (IllegalArgumentException) at user/eval5412$fn$G (REPL:47). No implementation of method: :area of protocol: #'user/Shape fou nd for class: user.Circle iex(8)> defmodule Circle do # `Circle` ...(8)> defstruct [:r] ...(8)> end {:module, Circle, ..., %Circle{r: nil}} iex(9)> Shape.area(%Circle{r: 3}) ** (Protocol.UndefinedError) protocol Shape not implemented for %Circle{r: 3} iex:2: Shape.impl_for!/1 iex:3: Shape.area/1
37. Clojure Clojure Elixir Elixir user> (extend-protocol Shape ; Circle (area [{:keys [r]}] (* Math/PI r r))) nil user> (area (map->Circle {:r 3})) 28.274333882308138 iex(10)> defimpl Shape, for: Circle do # ...(10)> def area(%Circle{r: r}), do: :math.pi() * r * r ...(10)> end {:module, Shape.Circle, ..., {:__impl__, 1}} iex(11)> Shape.area(%Circle{r: 3}) 28.274333882308138
39. AST AST Clojure Clojure user> '(when (= 1 1) (println "Truthy!")) (when (= 1 1) (println "Truthy!")) ;; user> (quote (when (= 1 1) (println "Truthy!"))) (when (= 1 1) (println "Truthy!"))
40. Elixir Elixir iex(1)> quote do ...(1)> if 1 == 1 do ...(1)> IO.puts "Truthy!" ...(1)> end ...(1)> end {:if, [context: Elixir, import: Kernel], [ {:==, [context: Elixir, import: Kernel], [1, 1]}, [ do: {{:., [], [{:__aliases__, [alias: false], [:IO]}, :puts ]}, [], ["Truthy!"]} ] ]}
41. Clojure Clojure user> (ns example) nil example> (defmacro my-when-not [test & body] `(if ~test nil (do ~@body))) #'example/my-when-not example> (in-ns 'user) #namespace[user] user>
42. Elixir Elixir iex(2)> defmodule Example do ...(2)> defmacro my_unless(test, do: body) do ...(2)> quote do ...(2)> if unquote(test), do: nil, else: unquote(body) ...(2)> end ...(2)> end ...(2)> end {:module, Example, ..., {:my_unless, 2}}
43. Clojure Clojure user> (example/my-when-not (= 1 2) (println "Falsy!") 42) Falsy! 42 user> (example/my-when-not (= 1 1) (println "Falsy!") 42) nil
44. Elixir Elixir iex(3)> require Example Example iex(4)> Example.my_unless 1 == 2 do ...(4)> IO.puts "Falsy!" ...(4)> 42 ...(4)> end Falsy! 42 iex(5)> Example.my_unless 1 == 1 do ...(5)> IO.puts "Falsy!" ...(5)> 42 ...(5)> end nil
45. Clojure Clojure user> (macroexpand-1 ; 1 '(example/my-when-not (= 1 2) (println "Falsy!") 42)) (if (= 1 2) nil (do (println "Falsy!") 42))
46. Elixir Elixir iex(6)> quote do ...(6)> Example.my_unless 1 == 2 do ...(6)> IO.puts "Falsy!" ...(6)> 42 ...(6)> end ...(6)> end |> Macro.expand_once(__ENV__) |> # 1 ...(6)> Macro.to_string |> IO.puts # AST if(1 == 2) do nil else IO.puts("Falsy!") 42 end :ok
47. Clojure Clojure
48. vs cf. (by Rich Hickey) REPL cf. REPL (REPL-driven development) Simple Made Easy
49. Elixirists Clojurians (?) Elixirists Clojurians (?)
50. Further Reading Further Reading
51. : : https://clojure.org https://japan- clojurians.github.io/clojure-site-ja/ https://elixir-lang.org https://elixir-lang.jp Getting Started Erlang/Elixir Syntax: A Crash Course
52. : : Clojure 2 Programming Clojure, Third Edition Elixir Programming Elixir ≥ 1.6 7 7 Seven More Languages in Seven Weeks
53. Seven Concurrency Models in Seven Weeks Scala/Akka (Chapter 5) Mastering Clojure Macros Metaprogramming Elixir
54. Elixir Erlang/OTP Elixir Elixir Elixir
55. : https://scrapbox.io/lagenorhynque/Elixir lagenorhynque/programming-elixir