DecisionNeuro_L02_ResearchMethods

Transcript

1. lei.zhang@univie.ac.at lei-zhang.net @lei_zhang_lz Lecture 03 Lei Zhang Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit (SCAN-Unit) Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology
3. • The neuroscience of decision-making, also know as, neuroeconomics. 3 Glimcher & Rustichini (2014)
6. • There are options to choose from. • We choose in a non-random way. • Our choices are goal-directed activities. 6
7. 7 Core neuro- economics Extended neuroeconomics
8. • “The goal of neuroeconomics is an algorithmic description of the human mechanism for choice.” – Paul Glimcher • Combines experimental techniques from neuroscience, psychology, and experimental economics (e.g., electrophysiology, fMRI, eye- tracking, behavioural studies) and models from computational neuroscience and economics. 8
9. • What are the computational processes that the brain uses to make economic decisions? • What is the neural basis of these processes? • How (and where) are value and probability combined in the brain to provide a utility signal? • How do emotion and cognition interact to shape decisions? • What are the mechanisms of social decision-making? • ... 9
11. 11 Animal behavior can be produced intentionally to achieve positive outcomes. As illustrated here, the initiation of action, such as the approach of a thirsty mouse to a water dispenser, is a powerful signal to the rest of the brain that a reward is imminent. source
12. • Choice preference – discrete (e.g., binary) – subjective rating (e.g., 1 to 9) • Confidence rating – e.g., sure, somewhat sure, unsure • Reaction time • Process tracking – eye-tracking – mouse tracking – effort tracking • etc. 12
13. • Heart rate (HR) • Facial electromyography (EMG) • Skin conductance response (SCR) • Salivary cortisol • etc. 13
15. 15 Schultz, Dayan, & Montague (1997)
16. 16 Chandrasekaran et al. (2017)
17. • The only direct measure of neuronal activity • Invasive (needs an operation) • Limited to few neurons • Unclear information code 17
18. 18 Adolphs et al. (1994) H.C. S.M. O: H.C Δ: S.M.
19. • often rare • consequences are long-term • can be compensated by brain plasticity • show the casual role of the brain region • bring unique insights 19
20. 20 Knoch et al. (2006)
21. 21 Ruff et al. (2013)
22. • Transient or long-term effects • Shows causal neural mechanisms • Difficult to stimulate deep brain areas • Produces loud sounds and muscles constructions 22
23. • Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain. • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain. 23
24. 24 Gehring & Willoughby (2002)
26. • MRI does not directly measure brain activities • Instead, it measures blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD), which is used to detect brain activity 26 source: ndcn
27. 27 Plassmann et al. (2007)
28. • Non-invasive • Good 3D resolution • Indirect (measures BOLD response) • Bad timing (few seconds time resolution) • Noisy • Has restrictions for subjects 28
30. • Video / audio recording • Pharmacological manipulation • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 30
31. Measurement • behavior • video / audio recording • physiology • single unit recording • EEG & MEG • fMRI • PET 31 Manipulation • TMS • tDCS • invasive stimulation • pharmacological manipulation • lesions