Egyptian Art in Context(s)

Transcript

1. Egyp%an  Art  in  Context(s)    
   Reading:  
   Annabel  Wharton,  “Appropria%ng  
   Pasts:  Cairo,”  pp.  41-­‐54.    
    
   Range:  
   c.  3000  BCE-­‐2000  BCE  
   Early  Dynas0c,  Old  Kingdom,  New  
   Kingdom  
    
   Terms/Concepts:  
   Canon  of  Propor%ons,  Ka,  PaleIe,  
   Mastaba,  Step  Pyramid,  Pyramid,  
   Serdab,  Sed-­‐Fes%val,  Unifica%on  of  
   Upper  and  Lower  Egypt,  nemes,  
   scribe,    
   Monument  List:  
     PaleIe  of  King  Narmer,  Early  
   Dynas%c  Egyp%an,  3000-­‐2920  
   BCE.  
     Imhotep,  Stepped  Pyramid  and  
   Mortuary  Precinct  of  Djoser,  
   Saqqara,  Egypt.  c.2630-­‐2575  
   BCE.  
     Great  Pyramids  at  Gizeh,  Old  
   Kingdom  Egyp%an,  c.  
   2551-­‐2528.  
     Khafre  Enthroned,  Old  Kingdom  
   Egyp%an,  c.  2520-­‐2494.  
   

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2. Chronology  
   

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4. Egypt:  Chronology  
   •  Predynas%c  Period        5000-­‐2920  BCE  
   •  Early  Dynas%c  Period  (I-­‐III)      2920-­‐2611  BCE  
   •  Old  Kingdom  (IV-­‐VIII)      2575-­‐2465  BCE  
   •  First  Intermediate  Period  (IX-­‐XI)    2134-­‐2040  BCE  
   •  Middle  Kingdom  (XI-­‐XIV)      2040-­‐1640  BCE  
   •  Second  Intermediate  Period  (XV-­‐XVII)  1640-­‐1532  BCE  
   •  New  Kingdom  (XVIII-­‐XX)      1550-­‐1070  BCE  
   •  Third  Intermediate  Period  (XXI-­‐XXV)  1070-­‐712  BCE  
   •  Late  Period  (XXV-­‐XXXI)      712-­‐332  BCE  
   •  Greco/Roman  Egypt      332  BCE-­‐359  CE  
   

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5. In  the  beginning…  
   Ptah  
   

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6. Geb  and  Nut  
   

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7. Osiris,  Isis,  Seth,  Nephthys  
   

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8. Osiris   Horus   Isis  
   

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10. PaleIe  of  Narmer,  Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  Dynas%c,  2950  BCE  
    

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11. 3-­‐1  and  3-­‐2,  PaleIe  of  
    Narmer,  Hierakonpolis,  
    Egypt,  Early  Dynas%c,  
    2950  BCE  
    

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12. 3-­‐1  and  3-­‐2,  PaleIe  of  Narmer,  Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  Dynas%c,  
    2950  BCE  
    

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13. Horus  
    Papyrus  =  Lower  Egypt  
    3-­‐1  and  3-­‐2,  PaleIe  of  Narmer,  Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  Dynas%c,  
    2950  BCE  
    

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14. 3-­‐1  and  3-­‐2,  PaleIe  of  Narmer,  
    Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  Dynas%c,  2950  
    BCE  
    

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15. 3-­‐1  and  3-­‐2,  PaleIe  of  Narmer,  
    Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  
    Dynas%c,  2950  BCE  
    

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16. PaleIe  of  Narmer,  Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  
    Dynas%c,  2950  BCE  
    

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17. PaleIe  of  Narmer,  Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  Dynas%c,  2950  BCE  
    

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18. PaleIe  of  Narmer,  Hierakonpolis,  Egypt,  Early  Dynas%c,  2950  BCE  
    

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19. Upper  Egypt  
    Lower  Egypt  
    PaleIe  of  Narmer,  Early  
    Dynas%c,  2950  BCE  
    Stele  of  Naram  Sin,  Akkadian,  
    2254-­‐2218  BCE  
    

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22. Mastaba  (General  Plan),  Early  Dynas%c  Egypt-­‐Old  Kingdom,  3000-­‐2100  
    BCE  
    

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24. Imhotep. Stepped Pyramid and Mortuary Precinct of
    Djoser. Saqqara, Egypt. c.2630-2575 BCE.
    

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25. Imhotep, Plan, Stepped Pyramid of Djoser. Saqqara,
    Egypt. c.2630-2575 BCE.
    

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26. Imhotep. Serdab, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary
    precinct of Djoser. Saqqara, Egypt. c. 2630-2575 BCE.
    

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27. Imhotep. Serdab, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary
    precinct of Djoser. Saqqara, Egypt. c. 2630-2575 BCE.
    

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28. Imhotep. Serdab, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary
    precinct of Djoser. Saqqara, Egypt. c. 2630-2575 BCE.
    

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29. Imhotep. Serdab, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary
    precinct of Djoser. Saqqara, Egypt. c. 2630-2575 BCE.
    

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30. Statue of Djoser. Saqqara. Early
    Dynastic. c. 2630-2575 BCE.
    Ka  =  Soul,  or  Life  Force  
    

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31. Imhotep. Stepped Pyramid and Mortuary Precinct of
    Djoser. Saqqara, Egypt. c.2630-2575 BCE.
    

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32. Imhotep. Faux Temples, Mortuary Precinct of Djoser.
    Saqqara, Egypt. c.2630-2575 BCE.
    

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35. Pyramids  of  Khufu,  Khafre  and  Menkaure,  at  Giza,  Old  
    Kingdom,  2575-­‐2450  BCE  
    

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37. Grave  Goods,  Pyramid  of  Khufu,  Giza,  Egypt,  Old  Kingdom,  
    2551-­‐2528  BCE.  
    

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38. Grave  Goods,  Pyramid  of  Khufu,  Giza,  
    Egypt,  Old  Kingdom,  2551-­‐2528  BCE.  
    People,  boats,  and  animals,  as  seen  
    in  a  copy  of  a  pain%ng  from  Tomb  
    100,  Hierakonpolis,    Predynas%c  
    Period,  c.3500-­‐3200  BCE.      
    

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40. Khafre  Enthroned,  Old  Kingdom,  2520-­‐2465  BCE  
    

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41. Khafre  Enthroned,  Old  Kingdom,  2520-­‐2465  BCE.  
    

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42. PaleIe  of  Narmer      
      Khafre  Enthroned  
    

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43. Khafre  Enthroned,  Old  Kingdom,  2520-­‐2465  BCE  
    

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44. Papyrus  
    Blue  Lotus  
    Unifica%on  of  Upper  and  Lower  Egypt  
    Khafre  Enthroned,  Old  Kingdom,  2520-­‐2465  BCE  
    

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46. Ti  Supervising  a  
    Hippopotamus  Hunt,  from  
    the  Tomb  of  Ti,  Saqqara,  Old  
    Kingdom,  2450-­‐2325  BCE  
    

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47. Ti  Supervising  a  Hippopotamus  Hunt,  from  the  Tomb  of  Ti,  
    Saqqara,  Old  Kingdom,  2450-­‐2325  BCE  
    

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48. Servants  Making  Bread  and  Beer,  from  the  Tomb  of  Ti,  
    Saqqara,  Old  Kingdom,  2450-­‐2325  BCE  
    

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49. Petrified  loaves  of  bread  from  Egyp%an  
    tombs.  
    

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50. What  edible  bread  probably  looked  like.  
    

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51. Egypt:  Chronology  
    •  Predynas%c  Period        5000-­‐2920  BCE  
    •  Early  Dynas%c  Period  (I-­‐III)      2920-­‐2611  BCE  
    •  Old  Kingdom  (IV-­‐VIII)      2575-­‐2465  BCE  
    •  First  Intermediate  Period  (IX-­‐XI)    2134-­‐2040  BCE  
    •  Middle  Kingdom  (XI-­‐XIV)      2040-­‐1640  BCE  
    •  Second  Intermediate  Period  (XV-­‐XVII)  1640-­‐1532  BCE  
    •  New  Kingdom  (XVIII-­‐XX)      1550-­‐1070  BCE  
    •  Third  Intermediate  Period  (XXI-­‐XXV)  1070-­‐712  BCE  
    •  Late  Period  (XXV-­‐XXXI)      712-­‐332  BCE  
    •  Greco/Roman  Egypt      332  BCE-­‐359  CE  
    

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52. Pyramid  of  Pepy  II,  Late  Old  Kingdom,  c.  
    2278  –  2184  BC  
    

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53. Pyramid  of  Te%,  Late  Old  Kingdom,
    2345-­‐2333  BCE.      
    

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54. Old  Kingdom    Middle  Kingdom  
    Middle  Kingdom  (XI-­‐XIV)      
    2040-­‐1640  BCE  
    

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55. Rock-­‐Cut  Tomb,  Beni  Hasan,  Middle  Kingdom,  
    1938-­‐1756  BCE  
    

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56. Vo%ve  Statue  of  Hatshepsut,  New  Kingdom,  1473-­‐1458  BCE  
    False  Beard  
    Nemes  (Headdress)  
    

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57. Hatshepsut,  New  Kingdom   Pepy  I,  Old  Kingdom  
    

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58. Other  representa%ons  of  Hatshepsut’s  gender.  
    

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59. *  Rock-­‐Cut  tombs  have  existed  since  the  pre-­‐dynas%c  era,  but  became  
    popular  for  royal  tombs  in  the  Middle  and  New  Kingdoms  
    

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60. Rock-­‐Cut  Tombs,  Deir  el-­‐Bahri,  18th  Dynasty,  New  Kingdom,
    1473-­‐1458  BCE.  
    

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61. Mortuary  Temple  of  Hatshepsut,  Deir  el-­‐Bahri,  18th  Dynasty,  
    New  Kingdom,  1473-­‐1458  BCE.  
    *Miles  away  from  her  rock-­‐cut  tomb.  
    

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62. Mortuary  Temple  of  Hatshepsut,  Deir  el-­‐Bahri,  18th  Dynasty,  
    New  Kingdom,  1473-­‐1458  BCE.  
    

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63. Mortuary  Temple  of  Hatshepsut,  Deir  el-­‐Bahri,  18th  Dynasty,  
    New  Kingdom,  1473-­‐1458  BCE.  
    

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64. Mortuary  Temple  of  Hatshepsut,  Deir  el-­‐Bahri,  18th  Dynasty,  
    New  Kingdom,  1473-­‐1458  BCE.  
    

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65. The  Reliefs  of  Hatshepsut  Defaced,  Temple  of  Amun  at  Karnak,  18th  
    Dynasty,  New  Kingdom,  1473-­‐1458  BCE  (Built),  1458-­‐1428  (Defaced)  
    Defaced  Cartouche  at  Deir  el-­‐
    Medina  
    

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66. The  “Amarna  Period”  
    1353-­‐1336  BCE  
    

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67. East
    West
    Karnak
    Temple  to  the  Aten  
    

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68. Akhenaton,  from  the  temple  of  
    Aton,  Karnak,  Egypt,  18th  
    Dynasty,  ca.  1353-­‐1335.  
    

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69. Akhenaton,  from  the  
    temple  of  Aton,  Karnak,  
    Egypt,  18th  Dynasty,  ca.  
    1353-­‐1335.  
    Vo%ve  Statue  of  Hatshepsut,  
    New  Kingdom,  1473-­‐1458  
    BCE  
     
    Cult  Statue  of  Khafre,  
    Old  Kingdom,  
    2520-­‐2465  BCE  
     
    

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70. View Slide

71. “you  are  the  man,  and  
    you  are  the  woman.”  
    Akhenaton,  from  the  temple  of  
    Aton,  Karnak,  Egypt,  18th  
    Dynasty,  ca.  1353-­‐1335.  
    

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72. Akhenaten  and  his  Family,  New  Kingdom,  1353-­‐1336  
    BCE  
    

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73. Aten:  The  Sun  Disk  
    Ankh:  Hieroglyph  for  Life  
    

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74. Akhenaten   Tutankhamun  
    

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75. Death  Mask  of  
    Tutankhamen,  tomb  of  
    Tutankhamen,  Thebes,  c.  
    1323  BCE    
    

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76. Vulture  (Nekhbet)  Upper  Egypt  
    Cobra  (Ureas)  Lower  Egypt  
    +  
    The  Unifica%on  of  Egypt  
    =  
    Death  Mask  of  
    Tutankhamen,  tomb  of  
    Tutankhamen,  Thebes,  c.  
    1323  BCE    
    

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78. Judgment  of  Hunefer  from  his  Book  of  the  Dead,  New  
    Kingdom,  1285  BCE  
    The  Declara%on  of  Innocence:    “I  have  not  caused  pain,  /  I  have  not  
    caused  tears.  /  I  have  not  killed,  /  I  have  not  ordered  to  kill,  /  I  have  not  
    made  anyone  to  suffer.”    This  sec%on  ends  with  him  declaring  that  he  is  
    “pure”  and  that  “no  evil  should  befall  [him].”    
    

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79. The  Declara%on  of  the  42  Judges:    “O  Bone-­‐  smasher,  
    who  comes  from  Hnes,  I  have  not  told  lies.”    
    Judgment  of  Hunefer  from  his  Book  of  the  Dead,  New  
    Kingdom,  1285  BCE  
    

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80. The  Address  to  the  Gods:  “[I]  have  given  bread  to  the  
    hungry,  /  Water  to  the  thirsty,  /  Clothes  to  the  naked,  /  A  
    ferryboat  to  the  boatless.”    
    Judgment  of  Hunefer  from  his  Book  of  the  Dead,  New  
    Kingdom,  1285  BCE  
    

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81. “The  First  Interroga%on”  The  deceased  is  tested  on  the  mysteries  of  
    Osiris  and  the  gods.    When  is  knowledge  is  confirmed  by  his  answers  he  
    is  told,  “Come  then,  enter  the  gate  of  this  Hall  of  the  Two  Truths,  /  For  
    you  know  us.”    
    Judgment  of  Hunefer  from  his  Book  of  the  Dead,  New  
    Kingdom,  1285  BCE  
    

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82. “The  Second  Interroga%on”:  The  hall  itself  tests  the  deceased  further.    
    With  each  challenge  the  deceased  must  respond  with  the  challenger’s  
    name.  “  ‘I  shall  not  open  for  you,’  /  Says  the  bolt-­‐clasp  of  this  gate,  /  
    ‘Unless  you  tell  my  name,’  /  ‘Eye-­‐of-­‐Sobk-­‐Lord-­‐of-­‐Bakhu  is  your  name.’  ”    
    Judgment  of  Hunefer  from  his  Book  of  the  Dead,  New  
    Kingdom,  1285  BCE  
    

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83. The  Weighing  of  the  Heart  
    Judgment  of  Hunefer  from  his  Book  of  the  Dead,  New  
    Kingdom,  1285  BCE  
    Hunefer  
    Anubis  
    Heart   Maat  
    Maat  
    Ammut  
    Thoth  
    Anubis  
    Hunefer  
    Horus  
    Osiris  
    Isis  and  Nephthys  
    Nekbhet  
    

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84. The  Judgment  of  Ani,  From  the  Papyrus  of  
    Ani,  21st  Dynasty,  c.      
    

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