Varnish workshop - ZCEU13

Varnish workshop at ZendConEU 2013

Transcript

1. Varnish Workshop By Thijs Feryn
2. Hi, my name is Thijs
3. Et j’ai un joli accent belge
4. I’m @ThijsFeryn on Twitter
5. I’m an at Evangelist
6. I’m a at board member
7. h"ps://joind.in/9280 Please& give&me& feedback
8. Varnish ?
9. Cache?
10. Reverse proxy?
11. Loadbalancer?
12. Loadbalancer? HTTP accelerator
13. In&front&of&the& webserver
14. Primary&purpose Caching
15. Reverse&caching& proxy
16. Install & configure
17. curl%http://repo.varnish3cache.org/debian/GPG3 key.txt%|%apt3key%add%3 apt3get%update echo%"deb%http://repo.varnish3cache.org/ debian/%squeeze%varnish33.0"%>>%/etc/apt/ sources.list apt3get%install%varnish
18. Daemon5op6ons h"ps://www.varnish:cache.org/docs/trunk/reference/varnishd.html
19. Daemon5op6ons DAEMON_OPTS=":a5127.0.0.1:80805\ 5555555555555:T5localhost:60825\ 5555555555555:f5/etc/varnish/default.vcl5\ 5555555555555:s5malloc,3G5\ 5555555555555:p5thread_pools=8 5555555555555:p5thread_pool_min=1605\ 5555555555555:p5thread_pool_max=30005\ 5555555555555:p5thread_pool_add_delay=25\ 5555555555555:p5connect_6meout=200s5\ 5555555555555:p5first_byte_6meout=200s5\ 5555555555555:p5between_bytes_6meout=50s5\ 5555555555555:p5session_linger=1005\ 5555555555555:p5lru_interval=205\ 5555555555555:p5listen_depth=81925\ 5555555555555:p5sess_workspace=2621445\ 5555555555555:l5300M" In&“/etc/default/varnish”
20. Daemon5op6ons
21. varnishadm>%param.show%3l Shows&all&params Varnish parameters
22. Backend
23. Listen%8080 In&“/etc/apache2/ports.conf” Backend
24. <VirtualHost%*:8080> In&vhost&config&when&Varnish&is& on&same&node&as&webserver Backend
25. backend%default%{ %%%%%%.host%=%"127.0.0.1"; %%%%%%.port%=%"8080"; } In&“/etc/varnish/default.vcl” Backend
27. GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.5; fr; rv:1.9.2.16) Gecko/20110319 Firefox/3.6.16 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/ xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: fr,fr-fr;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 115 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 Request
28. HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu) X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.2-1ubuntu4.7 Cache-Control: public, max-age=86400 Last-Modified: Mon, 04 Apr 2011 04:13:41 +0000 Expires: Sun, 11 Mar 1984 12:00:00 GMT Vary: Cookie,Accept-Encoding ETag: "1301890421" Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 23562 Date: Mon, 04 Apr 2011 09:02:26 GMT X-Varnish: 1886109724 1886107902 Age: 17324 Via: 1.1 varnish Connection: keep-alive Response
29. Cache@control Cache@Control&“max@age=3600,&s@ maxage=1000,&public,&must@revalidate”
30. Max@Age S@maxage Public Private No@cache No@store Must@revalidate Proxy@revalidate TTL&for&browsers&in&seconds TTL&for&proxies&in&seconds Proxies&&&browsers&can&cache Only&browsers&can&cache Revalidate&before&dropping&from&cache Don’t&cache&at&all Browser&revalidate&before&serving&from cache& Proxy&revalidate&before&serving&from& cache&
31. Age Age&“56” How&old&is& the&cached& object?
32. Real&cache&duration Real&cache&duraWon&for&clients&=&max@age&@&age Real&cache&duraWon&for&proxies&=&s@maxage&@&age
33. Expires Expires&"Wed,&1&Jan&2014&20:00:00&GMT"
34. Expiration 1.Vcl5(beresp."l) 2.Cache:control5s:maxage 3.Cache:control5max:age 4.Expires
35. The&flow
39. Advanced& flow
43. Exercise 1 Testing HTTP cache headers
44. Exercise 2 Overriding Time To Live in Varnish
45. Out of the box
47. Varnish obeys caching headers
48. Only get & HEAD No cookie & auth headers No set-cookie headers cache ttl > 0 No vary “*” When will varnish cache?
49. About cookies
50. About cookies HTTP cookie request header via browser HTTP set-cookie response header via webserver
51. 200: OK 203: Non-Authoritative Information 300: Multiple Choices 301: Moved Permanently 302: Moved Temporarily 307: Temporary Redirect 410: Gone 404: Not Found Cacheable status codes
52. Exercise 3 Testing default behaviour
53. Monitoring & Logging
54. Varnishstat Real&time&stats&for& Varnish&instance
55. 4+05:26:25 Hitrate.ratio:.......10......100......254 Hitrate.avg:.....0.8486...0.7619...0.7285 .....1760818.........6.99.........4.82.client_conn.;.Client.connections.accepted ....11088687........25.96........30.36.client_req.;.Client.requests.received .....8042715........11.98........22.02.cache_hit.;.Cache.hits .....2609561........11.98.........7.15.cache_miss.;.Cache.misses .......47104.........1.00.........0.13.backend_conn.;.Backend.conn..success .........610.........0.00.........0.00.backend_fail.;.Backend.conn..failures .....2998265........12.98.........8.21.backend_reuse.;.Backend.conn..reuses .......12081.........0.00.........0.03.backend_toolate.;.Backend.conn..was.closed .....3010356........13.98.........8.24.backend_recycle.;.Backend.conn..recycles ..........13.........0.00.........0.00.backend_retry.;.Backend.conn..retry .........520.........0.00.........0.00.fetch_head.;.Fetch.head .....2857965........11.98.........7.83.fetch_length.;.Fetch.with.Length ......151309.........2.00.........0.41.fetch_chunked.;.Fetch.chunked ........4404.........0.00.........0.01.fetch_close.;.Fetch.wanted.close .........676.........0.00.........0.00.fetch_failed.;.Fetch.failed .......31164.........0.00.........0.09.fetch_304.;.Fetch.no.body.(304) .........220...........................n_sess_mem.;.N.struct.sess_mem ..........53...........................n_sess.;.N.struct.sess .......29540...........................n_object.;.N.struct.object .......29561...........................n_objectcore.;.N.struct.objectcore ........5058...........................n_objecthead.;.N.struct.objecthead ........2613...........................n_waitinglist.;.N.struct.waitinglist ...........3...........................n_vbc.;.N.struct.vbc ..........22...........................n_wrk.;.N.worker.threads ........1789.........0.00.........0.00.n_wrk_create.;.N.worker.threads.created
56. .......31164.........0.00.........0.09.fetch_304.;.Fetch.no.body.(304) .........220...........................n_sess_mem.;.N.struct.sess_mem ..........53...........................n_sess.;.N.struct.sess .......29540...........................n_object.;.N.struct.object .......29561...........................n_objectcore.;.N.struct.objectcore ........5058...........................n_objecthead.;.N.struct.objecthead ........2613...........................n_waitinglist.;.N.struct.waitinglist ...........3...........................n_vbc.;.N.struct.vbc ..........22...........................n_wrk.;.N.worker.threads ........1789.........0.00.........0.00.n_wrk_create.;.N.worker.threads.created .......17204.........0.00.........0.05.n_wrk_queued.;.N.queued.work.requests ...........1...........................n_backend.;.N.backends .....2579403...........................n_expired.;.N.expired.objects .....6920374...........................n_lru_moved.;.N.LRU.moved.objects .....8959782........26.96........24.53.n_objwrite.;.Objects.sent.with.write .....1760818.........5.99.........4.82.s_sess.;.Total.Sessions ....11088687........25.96........30.36.s_req.;.Total.Requests ......436411.........2.00.........1.20.s_pass.;.Total.pass .....3044686........13.98.........8.34.s_fetch.;.Total.fetch ..3817818737......8996.58.....10454.48.s_hdrbytes.;.Total.header.bytes .84764679157....218712.68....232114.35.s_bodybytes.;.Total.body.bytes ......196150.........0.00.........0.54.sess_closed.;.Session.Closed .......73512.........0.00.........0.20.sess_pipeline.;.Session.Pipeline .......50339.........0.00.........0.14.sess_readahead.;.Session.Read.Ahead ....10875541........25.96........29.78.sess_linger.;.Session.Linger .....7865547........25.96........21.54.sess_herd.;.Session.herd ...591440571......1649.54......1619.56.shm_records.;.SHM.records ....30844446.......121.82........84.46.shm_writes.;.SHM.writes ...........6.........0.00.........0.00.shm_flushes.;.SHM.flushes.due.to.overflow
57. $ varnishstat -1 -f n_lru_nuked n_lru_nuked 0 . N LRU nuked objects Varnishstat Removed&from& cache&due&to&lack&of& memory
58. Varnishlog In@memory&logs&of& Varnish&activity
59. ...11.SessionOpen..c.12.12.12.1.53727.:80 ...11.ReqStart.....c.12.12.12.1.53727.1401010767 ...11.RxRequest....c.GET ...11.RxURL........c./ ...11.RxProtocol...c.HTTP/1.1 ...11.RxHeader.....c.Host:.12.12.12.6 ...11.RxHeader.....c.User;Agent:.Mozilla/5.0.(Macintosh;.Intel.Mac.OS.X.10.8;.rv:17.0). Gecko/20100101.Firefox/17.0 ...11.RxHeader.....c.Accept:.text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/ *;q=0.8 ...11.RxHeader.....c.Accept;Language:.nl,en;q=0.7,fr;be;q=0.3 ...11.RxHeader.....c.Accept;Encoding:.gzip,.deflate ...11.RxHeader.....c.Connection:.keep;alive ...11.VCL_call.....c.recv.lookup ...11.VCL_call.....c.hash ...11.Hash.........c./ ...11.Hash.........c.12.12.12.6 ...11.VCL_return...c.hash ...11.VCL_call.....c.miss.fetch ...11.Backend......c.13.default.default ...11.TTL..........c.1401010767.RFC.0.;1.;1.1357920021.0.1357920020.0.0 ...11.VCL_call.....c.fetch ...11.TTL..........c.1401010767.VCL.120.;1.;1.1357920021.;0 ...11.VCL_return...c.hit_for_pass ...11.ObjProtocol..c.HTTP/1.1 ...11.ObjResponse..c.OK ...11.ObjHeader....c.Date:.Fri,.11.Jan.2013.16:00:20.GMT ...11.ObjHeader....c.Server:.Apache ...11.ObjHeader....c.X;Powered;By:.PHP/5.3.2;1ubuntu4.18 ...11.ObjHeader....c.Cache;Control:.no;cache,.no;store,.max;age=0 Client&
60. ...11.VCL_return...c.hit_for_pass ...11.ObjProtocol..c.HTTP/1.1 ...11.ObjResponse..c.OK ...11.ObjHeader....c.Date:.Fri,.11.Jan.2013.16:00:20.GMT ...11.ObjHeader....c.Server:.Apache ...11.ObjHeader....c.X;Powered;By:.PHP/5.3.2;1ubuntu4.18 ...11.ObjHeader....c.Cache;Control:.no;cache,.no;store,.max;age=0 ...11.ObjHeader....c.Vary:.Accept;Encoding ...11.ObjHeader....c.Content;Encoding:.gzip ...11.ObjHeader....c.Content;Length:.119 ...11.ObjHeader....c.Content;Type:.text/html ...11.Gzip.........c.u.F.;.119.336.80.80.887 ...11.VCL_call.....c.deliver.deliver ...11.TxProtocol...c.HTTP/1.1 ...11.TxStatus.....c.200 ...11.TxResponse...c.OK ...11.TxHeader.....c.Server:.Apache ...11.TxHeader.....c.X;Powered;By:.PHP/5.3.2;1ubuntu4.18 ...11.TxHeader.....c.Cache;Control:.no;cache,.no;store,.max;age=0 ...11.TxHeader.....c.Vary:.Accept;Encoding ...11.TxHeader.....c.Content;Encoding:.gzip ...11.TxHeader.....c.Content;Type:.text/html ...11.TxHeader.....c.Content;Length:.119 ...11.TxHeader.....c.Accept;Ranges:.bytes ...11.TxHeader.....c.Date:.Fri,.11.Jan.2013.16:00:20.GMT ...11.TxHeader.....c.X;Varnish:.1401010767 ...11.TxHeader.....c.Age:.0 ...11.TxHeader.....c.Via:.1.1.varnish ...11.TxHeader.....c.Connection:.keep;alive ...11.Length.......c.119 ...11.ReqEnd.......c.1401010767.1357920020.712090731.1357920020.727306366.0.000087738. Client&
61. ...13.BackendClose.;.default ...13.BackendOpen..b.default.127.0.0.1.51597.127.0.0.1.8080 ...13.TxRequest....b.GET ...13.TxURL........b./ ...13.TxProtocol...b.HTTP/1.1 ...13.TxHeader.....b.Host:.12.12.12.6 ...13.TxHeader.....b.User;Agent:.Mozilla/5.0.(Macintosh;.Intel.Mac.OS.X.10.8;.rv:17.0). Gecko/20100101.Firefox/17.0 ...13.TxHeader.....b.Accept:.text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/ *;q=0.8 ...13.TxHeader.....b.Accept;Language:.nl,en;q=0.7,fr;be;q=0.3 ...13.TxHeader.....b.X;Forwarded;For:.12.12.12.1 ...13.TxHeader.....b.X;Varnish:.1401010767 ...13.TxHeader.....b.Accept;Encoding:.gzip ...13.RxProtocol...b.HTTP/1.1 ...13.RxStatus.....b.200 ...13.RxResponse...b.OK ...13.RxHeader.....b.Date:.Fri,.11.Jan.2013.16:00:20.GMT ...13.RxHeader.....b.Server:.Apache ...13.RxHeader.....b.X;Powered;By:.PHP/5.3.2;1ubuntu4.18 ...13.RxHeader.....b.Cache;Control:.no;cache,.no;store,.max;age=0 ...13.RxHeader.....b.Vary:.Accept;Encoding ...13.RxHeader.....b.Content;Encoding:.gzip ...13.RxHeader.....b.Content;Length:.119 ...13.RxHeader.....b.Content;Type:.text/html ...13.Fetch_Body...b.4(length).cls.0.mklen.1 ...13.Length.......b.119 ...13.BackendReuse.b.default Backend&
62. :a!When!writing!to!a!file,!append!to!it!rather!than!overwrite!it. :b!Include!backend!communication!logs :c!Include!client!communication!logs :d!Process!old!logs!on!startup :I5Perform!regex!filter!on!output :i5Include!specific!tags!into!output :m5Perform!regex!filter!on!tags :r5Read!a!shared!memory!log!dump!from!file :w!Dump!shared!memory!logs!to!file :x!Exclude!specific!tags!from!output :X!Perform!exclusion!regex!filter!on!output :O!Don’t!group!log!entries.!Don’t!use!with!Bm Varnishlog
63. Backend BackendClose BackendOpen BackendReuse BackendXID CLI ClientAddr Debug Error ExpBan ExpKill ExpPick Hit HitPass HttpError HttpGarbage Length ObjHeader ObjLostHeader ObjProtocol ObjRequest ObjResponse ObjStatus ObjURL ReqEnd ReqStart RxHeader RxLostHeader RxProtocol RxRequest RxResponse RxStatus RxURL SessionClose SessionOpen StatAddr StatSess TTL TxHeader TxLostHeader TxProtocol TxRequest TxResponse TxStatus TxURL VCL_acl VCL_call VCL_return VCL_trace WorkThread Tags
64. varnishlog -c -m VCL_call:hit | grep -i 'RxURL' Varnishlog Get&the&URL&for&all&hits
65. varnishlog -b -i TxURL Varnishlog Track&all&“missed”& URL’s varnishlog -O -b -i TxURL Ungrouped
66. varnishlog -c -i RxHeader -I User-Agent Varnishlog Get&all&user&agents varnishlog -O -c -i RxHeader -I User-Agent Ungrouped
67. varnishlog -i RxHeader Varnishlog varnishlog -c -i RxHeader varnishlog -b -i RxHeader Get&all&request& headers
68. varnishlog -c -i RxURL -m VCL_call:hit Varnishlog Doesn’t&work @i&is&done&before&@m
69. Why&did&it&miss?
70. 11 VCL_return c hit_for_pass Why&did&it&miss? TTL&<=&0 13 RxHeader - Cache-Control: no-cache, no- store, max-age=0
71. 11 RxRequest c POST 11 RxURL c /exercises/3/post.php 11 RxProtocol c HTTP/1.1 11 RxHeader c Host: varnish.dev 11 RxHeader c User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:18.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/18.0 11 RxHeader c Accept: text/html,application/xhtml +xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 11 RxHeader c Accept-Language: nl,en;q=0.7,fr-be;q=0.3 11 RxHeader c Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate 11 RxHeader c Referer: http://varnish.dev/exercises/3/post.php 11 RxHeader c Connection: keep-alive 11 RxHeader c Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded 11 RxHeader c Content-Length: 11 11 VCL_call c recv pass Why&did&it&miss? HTTP&POST
72. Was&it&stored&to& cache?
73. 11 TTL c 324425260 RFC 5 -1 -1 1358344107 0 1358344107 0 5 11 VCL_call c fetch deliver Was&it&stored&to&cache? Yes
74. 11 TTL c 324425261 VCL 120 -1 -1 1358344313 -0 11 VCL_return c hit_for_pass Was&it&stored&to&cache? No,&for& 120&seconds&in& blacklist
75. Exercise 4 Using varnishlog
76. What’s&the&cache&key?
77. 11 Hash c /exercises/1/public.php 11 Hash c varnish.dev What’s&the&cache&key? Host&+&URL
78. Varnishtop Incremental&in@ memory&Varnish&logs
79. list.length.109 .....8.12.VCL_return.....deliver .....4.19.RxRequest......GET .....4.19.RxProtocol.....HTTP/1.1 .....4.19.RxHeader.......Host:.varnish.dev .....4.19.RxHeader.......Connection:.keep;alive .....4.19.VCL_call.......recv .....4.19.VCL_return.....lookup .....4.19.VCL_call.......hash .....4.19.Hash...........varnish.dev .....4.19.VCL_return.....hash .....4.19.VCL_call.......hit .....4.19.VCL_call.......deliver .....4.19.TxProtocol.....HTTP/1.1 .....4.19.TxHeader.......Server:.Apache .....4.19.TxHeader.......Content;Encoding:.gzip .....4.19.TxHeader.......Accept;Ranges:.bytes .....4.19.TxHeader.......Via:.1.1.varnish .....4.19.TxHeader.......Connection:.keep;alive .....3.76.TxHeader.......Age:.26 .....3.12.RxURL........../exercises/5/vary.php .....3.12.RxHeader.......Accept:.text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/ xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 .....3.12.Hash.........../exercises/5/vary.php .....3.12.TxStatus.......200 .....3.12.TxResponse.....OK .....3.12.TxHeader.......X;Powered;By:.PHP/5.3.2;1ubuntu4.18 .....3.12.TxHeader.......Vary:.User;Agent,Accept;Encoding .....3.12.TxHeader.......Cache;Control:.public,must;revalidate,s;maxage=.100 Unfiltered&list
80. :b!Include!backend!communication!logs :c!Include!client!communication!logs :d!Process!old!logs!on!startup :I5Perform!regex!filter!on!output :i5Include!specific!tags!into!output :m5Perform!regex!filter!on!tags :r5Read!a!shared!memory!log!dump!from!file :p5Specifies!!the!!number!!of!!seconds!!to!!measure!!over :x!Exclude!specific!tags!from!output :X!Perform!exclusion!regex!filter!on!output :O!Don’t!group!log!entries.!Don’t!use!with!Bm :f!Sort!and!group!only!on!the!first!field!of!each!log!entry Varnishtop
81. varnishtop -c -i RxHeader -I ^User-Agent Varnishtop Get&top&user&agents
82. varnishtop -b -i TxURL Varnishtop Get&top&missed&URL’s
83. varnishtop -c -i VCL_call Varnishtop Get&top&VCL&calls
84. varnishtop -c -i RxURL Varnishtop Most&popular&URL’s
85. Exercise 5 Using varnishtop
86. Cache variations
87. Vary: Accept-Language Cache&variaWons Keep& seperate&cache&objects& for&each&varation&of&the& header Vary: X-myHeader Vary: Accept-Encoding
88. •Don’t5vary5‘*’ •Only5vary5request5headers •Custom5headers5only5work5if5browser5 sends5them •VCL5magic5(coming!up!later) Cache&variaWons
89. Exercise 6 Cache variations
90. Varnish& Configuration& Language
91. Varnish& Configuration& Language The&Varnish&ConfiguraWon& Language&allows&you&to&define& your&caching&policy.&You&write& VCL&code&which&Varnish&will& parse,&translate&to&C&code,& compile&and&link&to.
92. Out&of&the&box&behaviour Remember& the&flow!
93. sub vcl_recv { if (req.restarts == 0) { if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + “, ” + client.ip; } else { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; } } if (req.request != “GET” && req.request != “HEAD” && req.request != “PUT” && req.request != “POST” && req.request != “TRACE” && req.request != “OPTIONS” && req.request != “DELETE”) { /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */ return (pipe); } if (req.request != “GET” && req.request != “HEAD”) { /* We only deal with GET and HEAD by default */ return (pass); } if (req.http.Authorization || req.http.Cookie) { /* Not cacheable by default */ return (pass); } return (lookup); }
94. sub vcl_pipe { # Note that only the first request to the backend will have # X-Forwarded-For set. If you use X-Forwarded-For and want to # have it set for all requests, make sure to have: # set bereq.http.connection = "close"; # here. It is not set by default as it might break some broken web # applications, like IIS with NTLM authentication. return (pipe); } sub vcl_pass { return (pass); } sub vcl_hash { hash_data(req.url); if (req.http.host) { hash_data(req.http.host); } else { hash_data(server.ip); } return (hash); }
95. sub vcl_hit { return (deliver); } sub vcl_miss { return (fetch); } sub vcl_fetch { if (beresp.ttl <= 0s || beresp.http.Set-Cookie || beresp.http.Vary == "*") { ! ! /* ! ! * Mark as "Hit-For-Pass" for the next 2 minutes ! ! */ ! ! set beresp.ttl = 120 s; ! ! return (hit_for_pass); } return (deliver); } sub vcl_deliver { return (deliver); }
96. sub vcl_error { set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8"; set obj.http.Retry-After = "5"; synthetic {" <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>"} + obj.status + " " + obj.response + {"</title> </head> <body> <h1>Error "} + obj.status + " " + obj.response + {"</h1> <p>"} + obj.response + {"</p> <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3> <p>XID: "} + req.xid + {"</p> <hr> <p>Varnish cache server</p> </body> </html> "}; return (deliver); } sub vcl_init { ! return (ok); } sub vcl_fini { ! return (ok); }
97. VCL& syntax
98. //This is comment #This is comment too /* More comment A lot more comment*/ Comment
99. if(req.url == "/") { ! error 200 "OK dude"; } elseif(req.url == "/notfound") { ! error 404 "Not found man"; } else { ! error 200 "Else"; } CondiWonal
100. if(req.url == "/") { ! set req.backend = otherBackend; } Set&variables
101. Common&objects ✓Req:5request5object ✓Bereq:5backend5request5object ✓Beresp:5backend5response5object ✓Obj:5cache5object ✓Resp:5output5object ✓Client:5client5information ✓Server:5server5information
102. Variable&availability
103. .host Host5name5or5IP5address5of5a5backend. .port Service5name5or5port5number5of5a5backend. .connect_timeout Backend5marked5“unhealthy”5when5a5connection5fails5after5x5time. .first_byte_timeout Backend5marked5“unhealthy”5when5the5first5byte5isn’t5received5after5x5time. .between_byte_timeout Backend5marked5“unhealthy”5when5the5byte5sequence5isn’t5coming5in5fast5 enough. Backend&variables
104. .url Specify5a5URL5to5request5from5the5backend.5Defaults5to5"/". .request Specify5a5full5HTTP5request5using5multiple5strings.5.request5will5have5\r\n5 automatically5inserted5after5every5string.5If5specified,5.request5will5take5 precedence5over5.url. .window How5many5of5the5latest5polls5we5examine5to5determine5backend5health.5 Defaults5to58. .threshold How5many5of5the5polls5in5.window5must5have5succeeded5for5us5to5consider5the backend5healthy.5Defaults5to53. Probe&variables&(1)
105. .initial How5many5of5the5probes5are5considered5good5when5Varnish5starts.5Defaults5to the5same5amount5as5the5threshold. .expected_response The5expected5backend5HTTP5response5code.5Defaults5to5200. .interval Defines5how5often5the5probe5should5check5the5backend.5Default5is5every555 seconds. .timeout How5fast5each5probe5times5out.5Default5is525seconds. Probe&variables&(2)
106. client.ip The5client's5IP5address. client.identity Identification5of5the5client,5used5to5load5balance5in5the5client5director. server.hostname The5host5name5of5the5server. server.identity The5identity5of5the5server,5as5set5by5the5:i5parameter.5If5the5:i5parameter5is5not5 passed5to5varnishd,5server.identity5will5be5set5to5the5name5of5the5instance,5as5 specified5by5the5:n5parameter. server.ip The5IP5address5of5the5socket5on5which5the5client5connection5was5received. server.port The5port5number5of5the5socket5on5which5the5client5connection5was5received. Client&&&server&variables
107. req.request The5request5type5(e.g.5"GET",5"HEAD"). req.url The5requested5URL. req.proto The5HTTP5protocol5version5used5by5the5client. req.backend The5backend5to5use5to5service5the5request. req.backend.healthy Whether5the5backend5is5healthy5or5not.5Requires5an5active5probe5to5be5set5 on5the5backend. req.http.header The5corresponding5HTTP5header. Request&variables&(1)
108. req.hash_always_miss Force5a5cache5miss5for5this5request.5If5set5to5true5Varnish5will5disregard5any5 existing5objects5and5always5(re)fetch5from5the5backend. req.hash_ignore_busy Ignore5any5busy5object5during5cache5lookup.5You5would5want5to5do5this5if5 you5have5two5server5looking5up5content5from5each5other5to5avoid5potential5 deadlocks. req.can_gzip Does5the5client5accept5the5gzip5transfer5encoding. req.restarts A5count5of5how5many5times5this5request5has5been5restarted. Unique5ID5of5this5request. Request&variables&(2)
109. req.esi Boolean.5Set5to5false5to5disable5ESI5processing5regardless5of5any5value5in5 beresp.do_esi.5Defaults5to5true.5This5variable5is5subject5to5change5in5future5 versions,5you5should5avoid5using5it. req.esi_level A5count5of5how5many5levels5of5ESI5requests5we're5currently5at. req.grace Set5to5a5period5to5enable5grace. req.xid Unique5ID5of5this5request. req.hash The5hash5key5used5to5refer5to5an5object5in5the5cache.5Used5when5both5 reading5from5and5writing5to5the5cache. Request&variables&(3)
110. bereq.request The5request5type5(e.g.5"GET",5"HEAD"). bereq.url The5requested5URL. bereq.proto The5HTTP5protocol5version5used5to5talk5to5the5server. bereq.http.header The5corresponding5HTTP5header. bereq.connect_timeout The5time5in5seconds5to5wait5for5a5backend5connection. bereq.first_byte_timeout The5time5in5seconds5to5wait5for5the5first5byte5from5the5backend.5Not5 available5in5pipe5mode. bereq.between_bytes_timeout The5time5in5seconds5to5wait5between5each5received5byte5from5the5backend.5 Not5available5in5pipe5mode. Backend&request&variables
111. beresp.do_stream Deliver5the5object5to5the5client5directly5without5fetching5the5whole5object5 into5varnish.5If5this5request5is5pass'ed5it5will5not5be5stored5in5memory.5As5of5 Varnish5Cache53.05the5object5will5marked5as5busy5as5it5is5delivered5so5only5 client5can5access5the5object. beresp.do_esi Boolean.5ESI:process5the5object5after5fetching5it.5Defaults5to5false.5Set5it5to5 true5to5parse5the5object5for5ESI5directives.5Will5only5be5honored5if5req.esi5is5 true. beresp.do_gzip Boolean.5Gzip5the5object5before5storing5it.5Defaults5to5false. beresp.do_gunzip Boolean.5Unzip5the5object5before5storing5it5in5the5cache.5Defaults5to5false. beresp.proto The5HTTP5protocol5version5used5the5backend5replied5with. beresp.storage Set5to5force5Varnish5to5save5this5object5to5a5particular5storage5backend. Backend&response&variables&(1)
112. beresp.status The5HTTP5status5code5returned5by5the5server. beresp.response The5HTTP5status5message5returned5by5the5server. beresp.ttl The5object's5remaining5time5to5live,5in5seconds.5beresp.ttl5is5writable. beresp.grace Set5to5a5period5to5enable5grace. beresp.saintmode Set5to5a5period5to5enable5saint5mode. beresp.backend.name Name5of5the5backend5this5response5was5fetched5from. beresp.backend.ip IP5of5the5backend5this5response5was5fetched5from. beresp.backend.port Port5of5the5backend5this5response5was5fetched5from. Backend&response&variables&(2)
113. obj.proto The5HTTP5protocol5version5used5when5the5object5was5retrieved. obj.status The5HTTP5status5code5returned5by5the5server. obj.response The5HTTP5status5message5returned5by5the5server. obj.ttl The5object's5remaining5time5to5live,5in5seconds.5obj.ttl5is5writable. obj.lastuse The5approximate5time5elapsed5since5the5object5was5last5requests,5in5 seconds.5This5variable5is5also5available5in5vcl_deliver. obj.hits The5approximate5number5of5times5the5object5has5been5delivered.5A5value5of5 05indicates5a5cache5miss.5This5variable5is5also5available5in5vcl_deliver. obj.grace The5object's5grace5period5in5seconds.5obj.grace5is5writable. obj.http.header The5corresponding5HTTP5header. Cache&object&variables
114. resp.proto The5HTTP5protocol5version5to5use5for5the5response. resp.status The5HTTP5status5code5that5will5be5returned. resp.response The5HTTP5status5message5that5will5be5returned. resp.http.header The5corresponding5HTTP5header. Client&response&variables
115. Reminder!
116. Working& with& backends
117. backend default { .host = "1.2.3.4"; .port = "http"; } Backend&config backend default { .host = "localhost"; .port = "8080"; } Simple
118. backend default { .host = "1.2.3.4"; .port = "http"; .connect_timeout = 1s; .first_byte_timeout = 5s; .between_bytes_timeout = 2s; } Backend&config More
119. backend default { .host = "1.2.3.4"; .port = "http"; } backend other { .host = "1.2.3.5"; .port = "http"; } sub vcl_recv { if (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?example.com$") { set req.backend = other; } } Select&backend
120. Probes
121. backend default { .host = "1.2.3.4"; .port = "http"; .probe = { .url = "/test.jpg"; .timeout = 0.3 s; .window = 8; .threshold = 3; .initial = 3; } } Probes Test&if& healthy
122. probe healthcheck { .url = "/status.cgi"; .interval = 60s; .timeout = 0.3 s; .window = 8; .threshold = 3; .initial = 3; .expected_response = 200; } backend www { .host = "www.example.com"; .port = "http"; .probe = healthcheck; } Probes
123. probe rawprobe { # NB: \r\n automatically inserted after each string! .request = "GET / HTTP/1.1" "Host: www.foo.bar" "Connection: close"; } Probes
124. Directors
125. A!director!is!a!logical!group!of! backend!servers!clustered! together!for!redundancy.!The! basic!role!of!the!director!is!to! let!Varnish!choose!a!backend! server!amongst!several!so!if!one! is!down!another!can!be!used.
126. Directors ✓Round:robin ✓Random ✓Client ✓Hash ✓Fallback ✓DNS
127. backend.one.{ ....host.=.“localhost”; ....port.=.“80”; } backend.two.{ ....host.=.“127.0.0.1”; ....port.=.“81”; } director.localhosts.round;robin.{ ....{..backend.=.one;.} ....{..backend.=.two;.} ....{..backend.=.{. .............host.=.“localhost”;. .............port.=.“82”;. ........}. ....} } sub.vcl_recv.{ ....set.req.backend.=.localhosts; } Round@robin&director
128. backend.one.{ ....host.=.“localhost”; ....port.=.“80”; } backend.two.{ ....host.=.“127.0.0.1”; ....port.=.“81”; } director.localhosts.random.{ ....{..backend.=.one;..weight=4;} ....{..backend.=.two;..weight=6;} ....{..backend.=.{. .............host.=.“localhost”;. .............port.=.“82”;. ........}. ....} } sub.vcl_recv.{ ....set.req.backend.=.localhosts; } Random&director
129. director.localhosts.client.{ ....{..backend.=.one;..weight=1;.} ....{..backend.=.two;..weight=1;.} } sub.vcl_recv.{ ....set.req.backend.=.localhosts; ....//Load.balance.by.URL ....set.client.identity.=.req.url; ....//Load.balance.by.client.IP,.this.is.the.default. ....set.client.identity.=.client.ip; ....//Load.balance.by.user.agent ....set.client.identity.=.req.http.user;agent; } Client&director Uses& client.identity
130. director.localhosts.hash.{ ....{..backend.=.one;..weight=1;.} ....{..backend.=.two;..weight=1;.} } sub.vcl_recv.{ ....set.req.backend.=.localhosts; } Hash&director It&will&use&the&value&of&req.hash,&just&as&the&normal& cache@lookup&methods This&is&useful&is&you&are&using&Varnish&to&load& balance&in&front&of&other&Varnish&caches&or&other& web&accelerators&as&objects&won't&be&duplicated& across&caches.
131. director.localhosts.fallback.{ ....{..backend.=.one;} ....{..backend.=.two;} } sub.vcl_recv.{ ....set.req.backend.=.localhosts; } Fallback&director Picks&first& healthy& backend Order& matters
132. director.directorname.dns.{ .........list.=.{ .................host_header.=."www.example.com"; .................port.=."80"; .................connect_timeout.=.0.4s; ................"192.168.15.0"/24; ................"192.168.16.128"/25; ........} .........ttl.=.5m; .........suffix.=."internal.example.net"; } DNS&director Autogenerates&backends&in&IP&ranges
133. director.directorname.dns.{ .........list.=.{ .................host_header.=."www.example.com"; .................port.=."80"; .................connect_timeout.=.0.4s; ................"192.168.15.0"/24; ................"192.168.16.128"/25; ........} .........ttl.=.5m; .........suffix.=."internal.example.net"; } DNS&director Hostname&=&host_header&+&suffix www.example.com.internal.example.net
134. director.directorname.dns.{ .........list.=.{ .................host_header.=."www.example.com"; .................port.=."80"; .................connect_timeout.=.0.4s; ................"192.168.15.0"/24; ................"192.168.16.128"/25; ........} .........ttl.=.5m; .........suffix.=."internal.example.net"; } DNS&director Resolves&hostname&&&caches&result Backend&selecWon&based&on&result&of&DNS&resolving
135. Exercise 7 Playing with backends, probes & directors
136. Cache invalidation
137. Don’t wait for cache objects to expire
138. There!are!only!two!hard! things!in!Computer!Science:! cache!invalidaKon,!naming! things,!and!offBbyBone!errors.
139. ✓Purge ✓Ban ✓Always5miss Cache&invalidaWon
140. ✓Purge5VCL5method ✓Removes5specific5cache5item ✓Frees5up5memory ✓Evicts5variants ✓Next5client5triggers5the5refresh ✓No5backup5if5backend5is5down Purge
141. sub.vcl_recv.{ ........if.(req.request.==."PURGE").{ ................return.(lookup); ........} } sub.vcl_hit.{ ........if.(req.request.==."PURGE").{ ................purge; ................error.200."Purged"; ........} } sub.vcl_miss.{ ........if.(req.request.==."PURGE").{ ................error.404."Not.in.cache"; ........} } Purge HTTP&call& to&purge
142. ✓Implement5in5your5CMS ✓HTTP52005:5removed5from5cache ✓HTTP5404:5not5in5cache ✓Some5CMS5plugins5require52005for5miss() Purge curl.;X.PURGE.http://varnish.dev/your;page
143. ✓Ban5VCL5method5 ✓Ban5command5line5action ✓Ban.url5command5line5action ✓Pattern5(regex)5based ✓Adds5ban5to5ban:list ✓No5memory5freed5up5immediately ✓Evicts5variants ✓Extremely5fast5and5powerful Ban
144. sub.vcl_recv.{ ........if.(req.request.==."PURGE").{ ban("req.http.host.==.".+.req.http.host.+.". &&.req.url.==.".+.req.url); error.200."Banned"; ........} } Ban sub.vcl_recv.{ ........if.(req.request.==."PURGE").{ ............ban("req.http.host.==.".+.req.http.host.+. ".&&.req.url.~.".+.req.url); error.200."Banned"; ........} } Ban&URL& pattern Ban&URL Name& doesn’t& matter
145. ✓Removes5old5bans5from5the5ban:list ✓Separate5thread ✓Do5ban.list5on5CLI5to5see5the5ban:list ✓ban_lurker_sleep5parameter ✓Has5no5access5to5“req”5object ✓Smart5bans5are5ban5lurker5friendly Ban&lurker
146. ✓Ban5lurker5friendly ✓Use5beresp.x:url5&5beresp.x:host5instead5of5 req.url5&5req.http.host Smart&bans
147. sub.vcl_recv.{ ........if.(req.request.==."PURGE").{ ............ban("obj.http.x;host.==.".+.req.http.host.+. ".&&.obj.http.x;url.==.".+.req.url); ............error.200."Banned"; ........} } sub.vcl_fetch.{ ........set.beresp.http.x;url.=.req.url; ........set.beresp.http.x;host.=.req.http.host; } sub.vcl_deliver.{ ........unset.resp.http.x;url; ........unset.resp.http.x;host; } Smart&bans Ban&lurker& friendly
148. ✓Used5for5reloading5content,5not5evicting ✓Uses5set5req.hash_always_miss5=5true; ✓Looks5up5object,5but5ignores5it ✓Doesn’t5work5well5with5variations ✓Because5return(pass);5doesn’t5store5fetch5 result5in5cache ✓Because5purge();5will5fail5when5your5 backend5is5down Always&miss&
149. sub.vcl_recv.{ ........if.(req.request.==."REFRESH").{ ................set.req.request.=."GET"; ................set.req.hash_always_miss.=.true; ........} } } Refresh/always&miss
150. varnishstat.;1.;f.n_object Measure&with&varnishstat Number& of&objects&in& cache
151. Protect&your&purges
152. acl.purge.{ .."localhost"; .."217.21.177.0"/24; .."10.10.10.1"; .."some.host.com"; } sub.vcl_recv.{.... ..if.(req.request.==."PURGE").{ ....if.(!client.ip.~.purge).{ ......error.405."Not.allowed."; ....}.... ....ban("obj.http.x;url.==.".+.req.url.+".&& ...obj.http.x;host.==.".+.req.http.host); ....error.200."Purged"; ..} } Protect&your&purges Use&an&ACL
153. Exercise 8 Invalidation
154. RELOAD !
155. ✓/etc/init.d/varnish5reload ✓/etc/init.d/varnish5restart ✓varnishadm5(vcl.load5&5vcl.use) ✓telnet5(vcl.load5&5vcl.use) Reloading&Varnish&VCL
156. ✓/etc/init.d/varnish5reload ✓New5VCL5is5loaded ✓Keeps5objects5in5memory Service&reload
157. ✓/etc/init.d/varnish5restart ✓New5VCL5is5loaded ✓All5objects5are5removed5from5memory Service&restart
158. ✓Call5varnishadm5on5CLI ✓Call5vcl.list5for5an5overview ✓call5vcl.load5bla5/path/vcl/default.vcl ✓On5compilation5failure,5errors5are5shown ✓Call5vcl.use5bla5to5confirm5new5VCL Varnishadm
159. ✓Open5telnet5connection ✓Call5vcl.list5for5an5overview ✓call5vcl.load5bla5/path/vcl/default.vcl ✓On5compilation5failure,5errors5are5shown ✓Call5vcl.use5bla5to5confirm5new5VCL Telnet See& next&slide
160. /usr/sbin/varnishd.;P./var/run/ varnishd.pid.;a.:80.;f./home/data/ default.vcl.;T.127.0.0.1:6082.;u. varnish.;g.varnish.;t.120.;p.vcl_dir./ home/data.;w.5,500,300.;s.malloc,256m.; S./etc/varnish/secret.;n.lucid32 Telnet Running& process
161. $.telnet.127.0.0.1.6082 Telnet
162. $.telnet.127.0.0.1.6082 Trying.::1... Trying.127.0.0.1... Connected.to.localhost. Escape.character.is.'^]'. 107.59...... ayfmdmirgrluoqtukkueawfbrpmmvtkw Authentication.required. Telnet&authenWcaWon Auth& challenge
163. Telnet&authenWcaWon $.cat./etc/varnish/secret. ab9cae99;7905;42e8;9f28; b405e684ce93 Secret& key
164. Telnet&authenWcaWon ✓Challenge ✓Newline5character5(\x0A) ✓Secret5key ✓Newline5character5(\x0A) ✓Challenge ✓Newline5character5(\x0A) ✓SHA2565string Compose& auth&string
165. Telnet&authenWcaWon <?php $challenge = $argv[1]; $secret = trim(fgets(STDIN)); $pack = $challenge . "\x0A" . $secret . "\x0A" . $challenge . "\x0A"; $key = hash('sha256', $pack); echo $key.PHP_EOL; Challenge Secret& key Result
166. Telnet&authenWcaWon $.cat./etc/varnish/secret.|.php. secret.php. ayfmdmirgrluoqtukkueawfbrpmmvtkw. 4fac6b3e568d8b307300d6fa7a1b92ce4e764ce 46cabed4783ffb0e937d86ff3
167. $.telnet.127.0.0.1.6082 Trying.::1... Trying.127.0.0.1... Connected.to.localhost. Escape.character.is.'^]'. 107.59...... ayfmdmirgrluoqtukkueawfbrpmmvtkw Authentication.required. auth. 4fac6b3e568d8b307300d6fa7a1b92ce4e764ce 46cabed4783ffb0e937d86ff3 200.204 Telnet&authenWcaWon
168. Exercise 9 Load VCL via Varnishadm & telnet
169. Custom& VCL
170. sub.vcl_recv.{ unset.req.http.cookie; } sub.vcl_fetch.{ unset.beresp.http.set;cookie; } Remove&all&cookies
171. sub.vcl_recv.{ set.req.http.Cookie.=.regsuball(req.http.Cookie,. "__utm.=[^;]+(;.)?",.""); set.req.http.Cookie.=.regsuball(req.http.Cookie,. "utmctr=[^;]+(;.)?",.""); set.req.http.Cookie.=.regsuball(req.http.Cookie,. "utmcmd.=[^;]+(;.)?",.""); set.req.http.Cookie.=.regsuball(req.http.Cookie,. "utmccn.=[^;]+(;.)?",.""); if.(req.http.cookie.~."^.*$").{ unset.req.http.cookie; } } Remove&GA&cookies
172. sub.vcl_recv.{ ...return(lookup); } sub.vcl_hash.{ ...hash_data(req.http.cookie); } Cache&cookies
173. sub.vcl_hash.{ ....if(req.http.Cookie.~."lang"){ ........hash_data(regsuball(req.http.Cookie,."^. +;?.?lang=([a;zA;Z0;9]+)(.|;|.;).*$","\1")); ....} } Cache&some&cookies
174. sub.vcl_recv.{ ...return(lookup); } sub.vcl_fetch.{ ...return(deliver); } Ignore&cookies
175. sub.vcl_recv.{ . if.(req.url.~."^[^?]*\.(bmp|bz2|css|doc| eot|flv|gif|gz|ico|jpeg|jpg|js|less|mp[34]| pdf|png|rar|rtf|swf|tar|tgz|txt|wav|woff| xml|zip)(\?.*)?$").{ ........unset.req.http.Cookie; ........return.(lookup); ....} } Cache&staWc&files
176. sub.vcl_fetch.{ . if.(req.url.~."^[^?]*\.(bmp|bz2|css|doc| eot|flv|gif|gz|ico|jpeg|jpg|js|less|mp[34]| pdf|png|rar|rtf|swf|tar|tgz|txt|wav|woff| xml|zip)(\?.*)?$").{ ........unset.beresp.http.set;cookie; ....} } Cache&staWc&files
177. sub.vcl_deliver.{ ....set.resp.http.x;cache;hits.=.obj.hits; ....if.(obj.hits.>.0).{ ........set.resp.http.x;cache.=."hit"; ....}.else.{ ........set.resp.http.x;cache.=."miss"; ....} } Debug
178. sub.vcl_recv.{ set.req.http.Host.=.regsub(req.http.Host,.":[0;9]+",.""); if.(req.url.~."\#").{ set.req.url.=.regsub(req.url,."\#.*$",.""); } if.(req.url.~."\?$").{ set.req.url.=.regsub(req.url,."\?$",.""); } } SaniWze&URL
179. sub.vcl_recv.{ if.(req.url.~."(\?|&)(utm_source|utm_medium|utm_campaign| gclid|cx|ie|cof|siteurl)=").{ set.req.url.=.regsuball(req.url,."&(utm_source| utm_medium|utm_campaign|gclid|cx|ie|cof|siteurl)=([A; z0;9_\;\.%25]+)",.""); ...set.req.url.=.regsuball(req.url,."\?(utm_source| utm_medium|utm_campaign|gclid|cx|ie|cof|siteurl)=([A;z0;9_ \;\.%25]+)",."?"); } } SaniWze&URL&(2)
180. Exercise 10 Custom VCL
181. Grace mode
182. ✓A&graced&object&is&an&object&that&has&expired,&but&is& still&kept&in&cache ✓Grace&mode&is&when&Varnish&uses&a&graced&object ✓Used&when&backend&is&slow&or&down ✓req.grace&defines&how&long&an&overdue&an&object&can& be&for&Varnish&to&still&consider&it&for&grace&mode. ✓beresp.grace&defines&how&long&past&the&beresp.ttl@ time&Varnish&will&keep&an&object
183. sub.vcl_recv{ ....if.(req.backend.healthy).{ ........set.req.grace.=.0s; ....}.else.{ ........set.req.grace.=.20s; ....} } sub.vcl_fetch{ ....set.beresp.grace.=.20s; }
184. probe.healthcheck.{ ....url.=."/some/url"; ....interval.=.1s; ....timeout.=.1s; ....window.=.1; ....threshold.=.1; ....initial.=.1; ....expected_response.=.200; } backend.default.{ ...host.=."localhost"; ...port.=."8080"; ...probe.=.healthcheck; } sub.vcl_recv{ ....if.(req.backend.healthy).{ ........set.req.grace.=.0s; ....}.else.{ ........set.req.grace.=.20s; ....} } sub.vcl_fetch{ ....set.beresp.grace.=.20s; } With& backend& probe
185. Exercise 11 Grace mode
186. Edge&Side&Includes
187. <html> <body> <table> <tr> <td colspan="2" > <?php include('header.php') ?> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><?php include('menu.php') ?></td> <td><?php include('main.php') ?></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" > <?php include('footer.php') ?> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>
188. header.php menu.php main.php footer.php TTL&5s No&caching TTL&10s TTL&2s
189. <?php function esi($file){ if(isset($_SERVER['Surrogate-Capability']) && preg_match('/^(.+)="ESI/1.0$/',$_SERVER['Surrogate-Capability'])){ header("Surrogate-Control: content='ESI/1.0'"); $url = 'http://'. $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].substr($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], 0,1+strrpos($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'],'/')).$file; echo "<esi:include src=\"$url\" />".PHP_EOL; } else { include($file); } } ESI&PHP&helper&funcWon&(1)
190. <?php function esi($file){ if(isset($_SERVER['Surrogate-Capability']) && preg_match('/^(.+)="ESI/1.0$/',$_SERVER['Surrogate-Capability'])){ header("Surrogate-Control: content='ESI/1.0'"); $url = 'http://'. $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].substr($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], 0,1+strrpos($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'],'/')).$file; echo "<esi:include src=\"$url\" />".PHP_EOL; } else { include($file); } } ESI&PHP&helper&funcWon&(2)
191. <html> <body> <table> <tr> <td colspan="2" > <esi:include src="/header.php" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><esi:include src="/menu.php" /></td> <td><esi:include src="/main.php" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" > <esi:include src="/footer.php" /> </td> </tr> </table> </body>
192. ESI&VCL sub.vcl_recv.{ ....set.req.http.Surrogate;Capability="key=ESI/1.0"; } sub.vcl_fetch.{ . if(beresp.http.Surrogate;Control~"ESI/1.0").{ .........unset.beresp.http.Surrogate;Control; . ....set.beresp.do_esi=true; ....} }.
193. <?php require_once __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php'; use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpCache\Esi; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; $esi = new Esi; $request = Request::createFromGlobals(); $response = new Response(); Symfony&components&(1)
194. $content = '<h1>Exercise 12</h1>'; $content .= '<h2>Edge Side Includes</h2>'; $content .= date("Y-m-d H:i:s").'<br/>'; if($esi->hasSurrogateEsiCapability($request)){ $content .= $esi->renderIncludeTag( $request->getBasePath().'/edge.php?ttl=2', null,false).'<br />'; $content .= $esi->renderIncludeTag( $request->getBasePath().'/edge.php?ttl=0', null,false).'<br />'; } $content .= '<br /><a href="/">Back to index</a>'; Symfony&components&(2)
195. $response->setContent($content); $esi->addSurrogateControl($response); $response->setSharedMaxAge(10); $response->send(); Symfony&components&(3)
196. And& on&that& bombshell&...
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199. Thanks