Pythonでつくる宣言的UIラッパーフレームワーク〜既存GUIフレームワークの調査を添えて

PyCon JP 2021で発表したスライドです。

https://2021.pycon.jp/time-table/?id=272767

Transcript

1. 
   
   
   
   
   !
   1Z$PO
   +1
    
 :VUB
   6SVTIJZBNB 1ZUIPOͰͭ͘Δએݴత6*ϥούʔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ طଘ(6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷௐࠪΛఴ͑ͯ
2. ࣫ࢁ
   ༟ଠʢ:VUB
   6SVTIJZBNBʣ w ଔ
    ͱ͋Δ೶ۀͱձܭͷ*5اۀ
   w 1ZUIPOͱͷؔΘΓ
    ޱύΫಈը࡞੒πʔϧ
    1Z1*ͰϥΠϒϥϦެ։
    %4ࣾ಺ۀ຿γεςϜʢ0+5ʣ
    ࣾ಺ࢿ࢈ͷ"1*αʔόԽ ࣗݾ঺հ 
3. 1ZUIPO
   º
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4. ܦҢ ޱύΫಈը࡞੒πʔϧʹ(6*Λ͚͍ͭͨʂ w $-*͸࡞੒ࡁΈ
   $ python convert.py -i data/ -o target/ w πʔϧͷಛੑ্Ϛ΢ε͚ͩͰૢ࡞Ͱ͖ΔͱָͪΜ  ϩδοΫ͸΋͏Ͱ͖ͯΔ͠
   ָউͰ͠ΐ όΧ EBUB UFYU JNBHF WPJDF
5. ܦҢ ͋Εʁ1ZUIPOͰ(6*ͭ͘Δͷʢଞݴޠͱൺ΂ͯʣ໘౗͍͘͞ʁ w 5LJOUFS͸໋ྩత
    ίʔυ͔Βݟͨ໨Λ૝ىͮ͠Β͍
   w 1Z4JNQMF(6*͸εοΩϦ͍ͯ͠Δ͚Ͳʜ
    1ZUIPOͰ-(1-Wͳͷ͕νϣοτؾʹͳΔ
   w ,JWZ͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠ίʔυͱϏϡʔͷએݴ͕Θ͔ΕͯΔͷʁ 
6. ܦҢ 3FBDU
   /BUJWFੈ୅?ͱͯ͠ͷෆຬ
   
   ૑࡞ҙཉ 3FBDUΈ͍ͨͳએݴత6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͳ͍͔ͳ͊ʙ
   ˝
   1ZUIPOͰ΋એݴత6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͭ͘ΕΔͷ͔ͳʙ
   ˝
   Α͠ɺ͍ͬͪΐ࡞ͬͯΈ·͔͢ʂ  ?
   3FBDU͸೥ʹΦʔϓϯιʔεԽͨ͠ͷͰɺߴߍ࣌୅ʹϓϩάϥϛϯάʹڵຯΛ࣋ͬͨ୅͸(6*એݴత6*ͱ͍͏ࢥߟʹͳΓ΍͍͢ʁ
7. τϐοΫ w ͜Ε͔Β࿩͢͜ͱ
    1ZUIPOͰ࢖͑Δ(6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷએݴత6*ࢹ఺Ͱͷ੔ཧ
    1ZUIPOͰ3FBDUͷԾ૝%0.Λ໛฿ͨ͠࿩
   w ࿩͞ͳ͍͜ͱ
    σʔλόΠϯσΟϯά
    ΠϕϯτϋϯυϦϯά 
8. એݴత6*ͱ͸ 
9. ʮએݴత6*ʯͱ͸ʁ ྺ࢙తܦҢʛ໋ྩత6* w ೥୅·Ͱͷ(6*͸໋ྩత6*ϥΠϒϥϦ͕ओྲྀ
    Ͳͷ֊૚ɺͲͷҐஔʹ෦඼Λஔ͔͘ΛίʔυͰஞҰ੍ޚ
    ͳ͍͠ͷը໘ͷલͰΩʔϘʔυͱϚ΢εΛૢ࡞͢Δ 
 ۀ຿༻ύοέʔδιϑτΛ࡞Δͷʹ͸ద͍ͯͨ͠
   ‣ 8'ͳΒը໘ઃܭ͸౓͖Γ
   ‣ ΢Πϯυ΢ॖখ΋αϙʔτ͢Δ࠷খղ૾౓·ͰͰ0, 
10. w ೥୅·Ͱͷ(6*͸໋ྩత6*ϥΠϒϥϦ͕ओྲྀ
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     ͳ͍͠ͷը໘ͷલͰΩʔϘʔυͱϚ΢εΛૢ࡞͢Δ 
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    ‣ 8'ͳΒը໘ઃܭ͸౓͖Γ
    ‣ ΢Πϯυ΢ॖখ΋αϙʔτ͢Δ࠷খղ૾౓·ͰͰ0,  ྺ࢙తܦҢʛ໋ྩత6* ʮએݴత6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʯͱ͸ʁ ͦΜͳ࣌୅͸΋͏աڈͷ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
    ͦ͏ɺ˓1IPOFͳΒͶɻ
11. ʮએݴత6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʯͱ͸ʁ ྺ࢙తܦҢʛ3FMFBTF
    &BSMZ
    3FMFBTF
    0GUFO w ϞόΠϧ୺຤ͷը໘αΠζ͸ଟ༷Ͱ౷੍Ͱ͖ͳ͍
     ը໘ઃܭͷݟ௚͠ස౓61
    w ʮݸਓ͕࣋ͪӡ΂ΔΠϯλʔωοτʯͱͯ͠ͷڊେͰ৽͍͠Ϛʔέοτ
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    ܧଓతͳΞοϓσʔτ 
12. ʮએݴత6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʯͱ͸ʁ ྺ࢙తܦҢʛ3FMFBTF
    &BSMZ
    3FMFBTF
    0GUFO w ϞόΠϧ୺຤ͷը໘αΠζ͸ଟ༷Ͱ౷੍Ͱ͖ͳ͍
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    w ʮݸਓ͕࣋ͪӡ΂ΔΠϯλʔωοτʯͱͯ͠ͷڊେͰ৽͍͠Ϛʔέοτ
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    ܧଓతͳΞοϓσʔτ  ϥΠϑαΠΫϧ΍ঢ়ଶߋ৽ͷ࢓૊ΈΛࣗલͰ؅ཧͨ͘͠ͳ͍ 
 ˝
    ϥΠϒϥϦ͔ΒϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΁ ҟͳΔཁ݅Ͱมಈ͢Δ6*ͱঢ়ଶΛ෼ׂͯ͠؅ཧ͍ͨ͠ 
 ˝
    ໋ྩత͔Βએݴతͳ6*΁
13. ʮએݴత6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʯͱ͸ʁ ιϦϡʔγϣϯʛ6*ͱঢ়ଶΛ෼཭͠ɺڞ௨ͷ࢓ֻ͚Ͱ݁߹ͤ͞Δ w 6*ͱঢ়ଶͷ෼཭
     Ծ૝%0.ʢৄࡉ͸ޙ΄Ͳʣ
    ‣ ࠓճ1ZUIPOͰ࣮૷ͨ͠෦෼
    w 6*ͱঢ়ଶͷ݁߹
     σʔλόΠϯσΟϯάʢ3FBDUJWF9΍1VC4VCͳͲʣ
    ‣ ༨ྗ͕ͳ࣮͘૷Ͱ͖͍ͯͳ͍😵💫 
14. (6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ੔ཧ 
15. 1ZUIPOͰ࢖͑Δ(6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ ˞ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫϥΠϒϥϦͷ۠෼͸ͪ͝Ό·ͥ  1Z2U
    
    1Z4JEF ENAML FUD 'MFYY &EJ fi DF XY1ZUIPO ,JWZ
16. 1ZUIPOͰ࢖͑Δ(6*ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ  ENAML 'MFYY &EJ fi DF FUD ໋ྩత6* XJUI
    2.- એݴత6* ෼཭ܕ ౷߹ܕ 1Z2U
    
    1Z4JEF XY1ZUIPO ,JWZ XJUI
    LW
17. 5LJOUFS एׯ͕ͤ͋͘Δ͕ࣗ༝౓ͷߴ͍ඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦ w ಺෦Ͱ5LͷίϚϯυΛݺͼग़͢ͷͰ 
 ඇৗʹखଓ͖త
    > pack .widget -side left w ͦͷͿΜॻ͖ํͷࣗ༝౓͕ߴ͍
    w 5DM5Lͷ࣮ߦ؀ڥͷ४උ΍ 
 QZUIPO࣮ߦ؀ڥͱͷ૬ੑͳͲ 
 ͓खܰʹݟ͑ͯएׯ͓खܰͰͳ͍  ໋ྩత6* class HelloApp(tk.Frame): def __init__(self): self.master = tk.Tk() super().__init__(self.master, width=300, height=300) self.master.title("Hello Tkinter") # 双⽅向データバインディング self.m_text = tk.StringVar() # ラベル self.label = tk.Label( self, textvariable=self.m_text ).pack(side="top") # 1⾏テキストボックス self.textbox = tk.Entry( self, textvariable=self.m_text ).pack(side="left") # ボタン self.button = tk.Button( self, text="Clear", command=lambda: self.m_text.set("") ).pack(side="left") self.pack()
18. XY1ZUIPO
    1IPFOJY 8JOEPXTϥΠΫʁͳ໋ྩత6*ϥΠϒϥϦ w 5LJOUFSʹࣅͨखଓ͖తهड़
    w 8JOEPXTͷ(6*πʔϧΩοτʹ 
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 1BTDBM$BTFͳͷ͕޷ΈͰ͸ͳ͍
     ࢲ͸🍎೿ͳͷͰΑ͘෼͔Γ·ͤΜ
    w ॻ͖ํΛؒҧ͑Δͱ༰қʹ 
 .&.03:@#"%@"$$&44ʹͳΔ  ໋ྩత6* class HelloFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self): wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, -1, 'Hello wxPython', size=(300, 300)) pnl = wx.Panel(self) # イベント駆動によるデータ更新 self.m_text = "" # ラベル self.st = wx.StaticText(pnl, label=self.m_text) # 1⾏テキストボックス self.tc = wx.TextCtrl(pnl) self.tc.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT, self.on_type) # ボタン self.bt = wx.Button(pnl, wx.ID_CLEAR, label="Clear") self.bt.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_clear) sizer = wx.GridBagSizer() sizer.Add(self.st, (0, 0), (1, 3), flag=wx.EXPAND) sizer.Add(self.tc, (1, 0), (1, 2), flag=wx.EXPAND) sizer.Add(self.bt, (1, 2), (1, 1), flag=wx.EXPAND) sizer.AddGrowableCol(1) pnl.SetSizer(sizer)
19. class HelloWidget(QWidget): def __init__(self): QWidget.__init__(self) # スロットによるイベント駆動 self.m_text = "" self.label = QLabel(self.m_text) self.label.alignment = Qt.AlignCenter self.text_entry = QLineEdit() self.text_entry.textChanged.connect(self.on_type) self.button = QPushButton("Clear") self.button.clicked.connect(self.on_clear) layout = QGridLayout() layout.add_widget(self.label, 0, 0) layout.add_widget(self.text_entry, 1, 0) layout.add_widget(self.button, 1, 1) self.set_layout(layout) @Slot() def on_type(self): self.label.text = self.text_entry.text @Slot() def on_clear(self): self.label.text = "" self.text_entry.text = "" w ڧྗͳ4JHOBM
    
    4MPU
     ΠϕϯτͷൃՐͱϩδοΫΛ 
 εϨουΛ௒͑ͯ෼཭Ͱ͖Δ
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20. # --- QML --- import QtQuick import QtQuick.Controls import QtQuick.Layouts ApplicationWindow { title: qsTr("Hello QML") width: 300 height: 300 visible: true ColumnLayout { Text { id: text text: "" } RowLayout { Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignHCenter | Qt.AlignBottom TextField { id: textfield text: "" Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignHCenter | Qt.AlignTop Layout.margins: 5 onTextChanged: { text.text = textfield.text } } Button { text: qsTr("Clear") onClicked: { text.text = "" w 2.-ͱ͍͏ϚʔΫΞοϓΛ༻͍ͯ 
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    2.- 2UΛએݴతʹѻ͏  એݴత6*
    
    ෼཭ܕ # --- Python --- if __name__ == "__main__": app = QApplication(sys.argv) engine = QQmlApplicationEngine() url = QUrl.fromLocalFile("view.qml") engine.load(url) if not engine.rootObjects(): sys.exit(-1) sys.exit(app.exec())
21. # --- 命令的UI --- from kivy.app import App from kivy.uix.button import Button class TestApp(App): def build(self): return Button(text='Hello World') TestApp().run() w ѻ͍΍͍͢.*5ϥΠηϯε
    w ΫϥεͱCVJMEϝιουͷ໭Γ஋Ͱ 
 ϏϡʔΛ૊ΈཱͯΔ ,JWZ ϞόΠϧʹ΋ରԠ͢ΔϑϨΩγϒϧͳϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ  ໋ྩత6* IUUQTLJWZPSHIPNF
22. <Controller>: label_wid: my_custom_label BoxLayout: orientation: 'vertical' padding: 20 Button: text: 'My controller info is: ' + root.info on_press: root.do_action() Label: id: my_custom_label text: 'My label before button press' w ϩδοΫ͸جຊతʹ1ZUIPOଆʹॻ͘
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    w 6*ͱঢ়ଶ͸Ϋϥε໊Ͱ݁߹ ,JWZ
    
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    ෼཭ܕ # --- 宣⾔的UI logic --- class Controller(FloatLayout): label_wid = ObjectProperty() info = StringProperty() def do_action(self): self.label_wid.text = 'My label after button press' self.info = 'New info text' class ControllerApp(App): def build(self): return Controller(info='Hello world') if __name__ == '__main__': ControllerApp().run() IUUQTLJWZPSHEPDTUBCMFHVJEFMBOHIUNMUIFMBZPVUHPFTJODPOUSPMMFSLW IUUQTLJWZPSHEPDTUBCMFHVJEFMBOHIUNMUIFDPEFHPFTJOQZ fi MFT
23. # person_view.enaml from enaml.widgets.api import ( Window, Form, Label, Field ) enamldef PersonView(Window): attr person title = 'Person View' Form: Label: text = 'First Name' Field: text := person.first_name Label: text = 'Last Name' Field: text := person.last_name w 1ZUIPOʹࣅͨߏจͰ6*Λهड़
     ಈతʹ6*ͱঢ়ଶΛ݁߹Ͱ͖Δ
    w 1ZUIPOJDͳߏจͰ͋Δ͚ͩʹ 
 FOBNMϑΝΠϧͰͳ͘ 
 QZϑΝΠϧʹॻ͖ͨ͘ͳΔ &/".- 2Uͳ6*Λ1ZUIPOJDͳߏจͰهड़Ͱ͖ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ  એݴత6*
    
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24. import edifice as ed from edifice import Label, TextInput, View class MyApp(ed.Component): def render(self): return View(layout="row")( Label("Measurement in meters:"), TextInput(""), Label("Measurement in feet:"), ) if __name__ == "__main__": ed.App(MyApp()).start() w 3FBDUΛ1ZUIPOʹϙʔτ͢Δͱ 
 ͜Μͳײ͡ɺΛ࣮ݱ͍ͯ͠Δ
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    w ࢠཁૉΛҾ਺Ͱ౉ͨ͢Ίɺ 
 ࢠཁૉͷมߋͷͨΊʹ͸ 
 ؔ਺νοΫͳ৚݅෼ذΛॻ͘
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25. 'MFYY 1ZUIPOίʔυ্Ͱ8FCϕʔεͷ6*Λهड़Ͱ͖ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ એݴత6*
    
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 ϏϡʔͷϏϧυ
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 ΊͪΌͪ͘Όࣅ͍ͯͨ😅
    w 8FCϕʔεͳͷͰಈ͔͢બ୒ࢶ͕ଟ͍
    w 8FCϕʔεͳͷͰ 
 αʔόʢ1ZUIPOʣଆͱ 
 ΫϥΠΞϯτʢ+BWB4DSJQUʣଆΛ 
 ͦΕͧΕߟ͑Δඞཁ͋Γ  from flexx import flx class Example(flx.Widget): def init(self): with flx.HSplit(): flx.Button(text='foo') with flx.VBox(): flx.Widget(style='background:red;', flex=1) flx.Widget(style='background:blue;', flex=1) if __name__ == "__main__": app = flx.App(Example) app.launch('app') flx.run() IUUQT fl FYYSFBEUIFEPDTJPFOTUBCMFHVJEFXJEHFU@CBTJDTIUNM IUUQT fl FYYSFBEUIFEPDTJPFOTUBCMFHVJEFSVOOJOHIUNM
26. Α͏΍͘ຊ୊ 
27. 
28.  ... with Body(clazz=["d-flex", ...]): with Header(clazz="mb-auto"): NavigationBar() # Component with Main(clazz=["container", ...]): with Division(clazz=["row", ...]): with Division(clazz=["col-sm-4"]): Image(clazz=["img-fluid"], src="/static/DeUI_logo.png") with Division(clazz=["col-sm-6"]): with Paragraph(clazz="h3"): Text(value="Declarative UI Wrapper Framework for Python") with Paragraph(): with Small(clazz="text-muted"): with Joined(): Text(value="The logo is inspired by ...") with Division(clazz=["row", "align-items-center"]): with Heading(level=1): Text(value="Register your account") with Paragraph(): Text(value="You have to make an account ...") Text(value="Please enter the form below ...") ...
29. 1ZUIPOʹΑΔԾ૝%0.ͷ࣮૷ 
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33. େࣄͳ͜ͱ͸͢΂ͯ 
 3FBDU͕ڭ͑ͯ͘ΕΔ 
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35. ࠩ෼ݕग़ݪཧͷίʔυ ΍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͸ඇৗʹγϯϓϧ w ϊʔυ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ͳΒ 
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36. NBHJD
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45. ࠷ޙʹ ͜Ε͔Βͷએݴత6*ͱϑϩϯτΤϯυͱ1ZUIPO w એݴత6*͸σʔληοτʹର͢Δႈ౳ੑ͕͋ΔͨΊ 
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