Waste-to-protein pathways: Using agricultural waste to grow edible mushrooms and insects for nutrition. • Environmental and nutritional benefits: High protein, iron, and low carbon footprints. •Aquaponics & Biowaste Utilization: • Combining fish and vegetable production to boost micronutrient-rich vegetable and fish supply. • Sustainable use of food waste for protein production in insect farming.
edible mushrooms surpass conventional nutrient sources in terms of both micronutrient supply and global warming reduction. • These trends conform with existing literature, which positions edible insects and mushrooms as sustainable, high-value nutrient sources for achieving environmental–nutrition co-benefits.
biowaste for upcycling into nutrition-sensitive products. oPrograms like mushroom and insect farming show promise in combating malnutrition. •Challenges: oTechnological and investment gaps. oLack of consumer acceptance for biowaste- derived products (e.g., insect-based foods).
bioeconomy technologies. •Promote education and awareness on the benefits of nutrition-sensitive biowaste products. •Implement robust policy frameworks that support the scaling of circular bioeconomy pathways.