Research Methodology

How to identify Types of Research and few examples

Transcript

1. AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE AANAnBy By Mrs. P. A. Kadam
2. Learning Objectives • Define major types of research in simple terms. • Identify the research type from a short example or case. • Give a clear justification using the purpose, data, method, or setting. • Distinguish between commonly confused research types. • Apply the identification method to exam-style questions. 2
3. TYPES OF RESEARCH Identify the Type from Given Examples — with Justification Focus Level Outcome Example → Identify → Justify UG / PG Research Methodology Exam-ready practice
4. How to Identify the Type of Research 1. PURPOSE 2. DATA 3. METHOD 4. JUSTIFY Why is the study being conducted? What kind of evidence is used? How is evidence collected? Write the clue that proves your answer. Explore • Describe • Explain • Solve Numerical • Words • Both Experiment • Survey • Case study • Observation “Because the study…”, followed by the key feature. 3
5. Major Types Covered in This PPT Basic / Fundamental Applied Expands knowledge or theory Solves a practical problem Exploratory Descriptive Investigates a less-understood issue Describes characteristics or conditions Analytical Experimental Analyses existing information/data Tests cause-and-effect using controlled conditions Quantitative Qualitative Uses numerical measurement and statistical analysis Studies meanings, experiences, perceptions, context Mixed Methods Historical Combines quantitative + qualitative approaches Studies past events using historical evidence 4
6. Example 1 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A researcher develops a new mathematical theory without an immediate practical application. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Basic / Fundamental Research The main aim is to expand theoretical knowledge rather than solve an immediate practical problem. 5
7. Example 2 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A study develops a low-cost device to detect water contamination in rural areas. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Applied Research The research addresses a specific real-world problem and seeks a usable solution. 6
8. Example 3 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE Researchers interview first-year students to discover why many of them avoid using the digital library. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Exploratory Research The researchers are investigating possible reasons for an issue that is not yet well understood. 7
9. Example 4 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A survey reports the age, study habits, attendance, and internet usage of 500 college students. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Descriptive Research The study describes characteristics and current conditions; it does not manipulate variables. 8
10. Example 5 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A researcher analyses five years of hospital records to identify patterns in patient admissions. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Analytical Research Existing records/data are examined to identify patterns and draw interpretations. 9
11. Example 6 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE Two groups of students are taught using different methods, and their test scores are compared. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Experimental Research An intervention is introduced and outcomes are compared to examine a possible cause-and-effect relationship. 10
12. Example 7 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A researcher measures study hours, sleep duration, and examination scores and applies statistical tests. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Quantitative Research The variables are measured numerically and analysed statistically. 11
13. Example 8 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A researcher conducts in-depth interviews to understand teachers’ experiences with online teaching. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Qualitative Research The study focuses on experiences, perceptions, meanings, and detailed verbal responses. 12
14. Example 9 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A study measures student performance and also interviews students to understand why the results occurred. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Mixed Methods Research Numerical evidence and qualitative interview data are intentionally combined. 13
15. Example 10 Identify the type and justify your answer GIVEN EXAMPLE A researcher studies newspapers, government records, letters, and photographs to understand education in the 1950s. ANSWER JUSTIFICATION Historical Research The study investigates the past using documentary and other historical evidence. 14
16. Commonly Confused Types Exploratory vs Descriptive Basic vs Applied Exploratory → asks “What may be happening and why?” Basic → builds knowledge/theory. Descriptive → asks “What is happening / what are the characteristics?” Applied → uses knowledge to solve a practical problem. Quantitative vs Qualitative Quantitative → numbers, measurements, statistics. Qualitative → meanings, experiences, perceptions, words. 15
17. Practice: Identify the Research Type • A. A company tests whether a new training programme increases employee productivity. Ans: Experimental: a programme is introduced and its effect on productivity is tested. • B. A researcher observes village life to understand local beliefs and practices. Ans: Qualitative: observation is used to understand beliefs, practices, and context. • C. A study uses 1,000 questionnaires to calculate customer satisfaction levels. Ans: Quantitative: questionnaire responses are converted into numerical measurements/statistics. • D. A researcher investigates a newly emerging educational problem through interviews. Ans: Exploratory: interviews are used to investigate an emerging or insufficiently understood problem. • E. A scientist studies an old manuscript to reconstruct the history of a university. Ans: Historical: past information is reconstructed using historical evidence. 16
18. Exam Answer Formula STEP 1 — IDENTIFY Write the exact type of research. STEP 2 — CLUE Mention the strongest clue from the example. STEP 3 — JUSTIFY “Therefore, it is ___ research because ___.” 18
19. Quick Revision • Purpose is often the strongest clue:  knowledge → Basic;  practical solution → Applied.  New/unclear problem → Exploratory;  current status → Descriptive.  Intervention + comparison → Experimental.  Numbers + statistics → Quantitative;  meanings/experiences → Qualitative.  Both numerical and qualitative evidence → Mixed Methods.  Past events + historical sources → Historical. 19
20. Remember: Don’t identify research only by its topic. Identify it from its PURPOSE + DATA + METHOD. Thank You