of Social and Emotional Skills https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264226159-en Today’s children will need a balanced set of cognitive, social and emotional skills in order to succeed in modern life. Their capacity to achieve goals, work effectively with others and manage emotions will be essential to meet the challenges of the 21st century. While everyone acknowledges the importance of socio-emotional skills such as perseverance, sociability and self-esteem, there is often insufficient awareness of “what works” to enhance these skills.
review and meta-analysis of effects of early life non-cognitive skills on academic, psychosocial, cognitive and health outcomes. Nature human behaviour, 2(11), 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0461-x 1. Attention(注意) 2. Cognitive flexibility(認知的柔軟性) 3. Conscientiousness(誠実性) 4. Delay of gratification(衝動制御) 5. Effortful control 6. Emotional reactivity(情動的反応性) 7. Emotional regulation(感情調節) 8. Executive function(実行機能) 9. Impulsivity(衝動性) 10. Inhibitory control(抑制) 11. Persistence(持続性) 12. Self-control(自己制御) 13. Self-regulation(自己調整) 14. Temperament(気質) 15. Working memory(ワーキングメモリ) Academic achievement Literacy Numeracy Psychosocial Internalizing Externalizing General behaviour problems Social skills Cognitive and language Performance IQ Expressive vocabulary Receptive vocabulary General language skills General cognitive development Physical health
Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(3), 492–511. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000102 15 Grit
(2014): rs = -.08—.21, College GPA Cross (2013): r = .09, Graduate GPA Davidson (2014): rs = -.031—.047, High school and college GPA Hogan (2013): rs = -.01—.24, Several types of GPA Sheehan (2014): rs = .02—.39, High school GPA ⚫ 弱い関連が見られた研究 参考:誠実性ー学業成績のメタ分析 平均効果量 r = .21-23
conscientiousness(誠実性) self-control(自己制御) Grit ? 弁別的妥当性 (discriminant validity)を示す 必要がある。 ⚫ 質問項目の類似 ファセット 定義 項目例 Grit: perseverance perseverance and passion for long-term goals I finish whatever I begin. I am a hard worker. Conscientiousness: self-discipline capacity to begin tasks and follow through to completion despite boredom or distractions I carry out my plans. Conscientiousnes: achievement striving need for personal achievement and sense of direction I work hard.