Physics - Make It Simple

This talk was given at the Saitama Prefectual Kumagaya High School (Kumagaya-city, Saitama pref.) in the context of the JSPS Science Dialogue program, organized by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (日本学術振興会) on the 2th of November 2013.

The purpose of the program is to:

* To make our students more interested in science
* To help our students realize the importance of learning English
* To help our students gain international understanding

During the talk, the students were encouraged to answer easy questions in English. To prevent losses in students attention due to the steep language barrier from Japanese to English, the students were provided with "please slow down"-signs to give them a simple possibility of feedback.

Transcript

1. ! Physics: Make It Simple! JSPS Science Dialogue Christoph B. M. Hörig RWTH Aachen University, Germany! ! JSPS fellowship (short-term) 09/2013 - 12/2013! Tokyo University, Prof. Ryotaro ARITA
2. During my Talk • ask me questions! ࣭໰͍ͯͩ͘͠͞!! ‣ stop me from speaking too fast! • I will ask you (easy!) questions! ‣ do not hesitate to answer
3. Who am I? Christoph B. M. Hörig German »Umlaut«! ä → ae,! ö → oe,! ü → ue ö sorry, crazy Germans ෕: Bernd ૆෕: Manfred B. M. multiple names common in Germany
4. Biography 1985: born in Leverkusen, Germany 1996 – 2005: middle and high school 2005 – 2011: study physics ෺ཧֶ! »Diploma« (bachelor ֶ࢜ + master ɹम࢜)! 2011 – now: PhD student in Aachen, Germany! ത࢜՝ఔ 2014: → continue in Utrecht, Netherlands PhD comics! (www.phdcomics.com) Miffy! (http://www.miffy.com)
5. Where is Germany? some numbers
6. France! ϑϥϯε Italy! ΠλϦΞ UK! ӳࠃ Poland! ϙʔϥϯυ Europa ΢ϩύ 600 km
7. ? France! ϑϥϯε Italy! ΠλϦΞ UK! ӳࠃ Poland! ϙʔϥϯυ Europa ΢ϩύ Germany υΠπ 600 km
8. ? ? France! ϑϥϯε Italy! ΠλϦΞ UK! ӳࠃ Poland! ϙʔϥϯυ Europa ΢ϩύ Germany υΠπ Japan ೔ຊ 600 km
9. France! ϑϥϯε Italy! ΠλϦΞ UK! ӳࠃ Poland! ϙʔϥϯυ Europa ΢ϩύ Germany υΠπ Japan ೔ຊ 357.121,41 km²! 80.523.746 ਓ! 225 ਓ / km² ☺️☺️☺️ 377.835 km²! 126.659.683 ਓ.! 337 ਓ / km² ☺️☺️☺️☺️ 600 km
10. Germany υΠπ North Rhine- Westphalia Bavaria Berlin 16 federal districts (भ) ϕϧϦϯभ όΠΤϧϯभ (NRW)
11. Munich ϛϡϯϔϯ • capital of Bavaria, largest district! • famous for »Lederhose« and »Weißbier«! • big industry like »BMW«! • often stereotypical Germany ☺️
12. Berlin ϕϧϦϯ • capital of Germany! • startup metropolis of Europa! • separated after world war II (4 country)! • united in 1990
13. Berlin ϕϧϦϯ • capital of Germany! • startup metropolis of Europa! • separated after world war II (4 country)! • united in 1990 What were the ruling countries?
14. Berlin ϕϧϦϯ • capital of Germany! • startup metropolis of Europa! • separated after world war II (4 country)! • united in 1990 #$% What were the ruling countries?
15. Aachen Ξʔϔϯ • ~1889 years old! • 240,086 people (2012) (10% students)! • borders with Netherlands and Belgium! • famous for »Printen«! • old cathedral »Aachener Dom«
16. Pictures my group at Aachen University and at ౦େ Theoretical physics group! (many particles and! statistical physics) Applied physics group at Tokyo University! (crystal and simulation)
17. Pictures my group at Aachen University and at ౦େ my boss me Theoretical physics group! (many particles and! statistical physics) Applied physics group at Tokyo University! (crystal and simulation) me my boss
18. Hobbies झຯ movies and TV series House of Cards Heroes Breaking Bad Dexter Lost Game of Thrones traveling & language • see different cultures! • talk & interact with local people • great way to improve your English! • long time same people → accents! • subtitles (for the easy start)
19. Hobbies झຯ movies and TV series House of Cards Heroes Breaking Bad Dexter Lost Game of Thrones traveling & language • see different cultures! • talk & interact with local people • great way to improve your English! • long time same people → accents! • subtitles (for the easy start)
20. Hobbies झຯ movies and TV series House of Cards Heroes Breaking Bad Dexter Lost Game of Thrones traveling & language • see different cultures! • talk & interact with local people • great way to improve your English! • long time same people → accents! • subtitles (for the easy start) Good (and easy to understand) Japanese TV series?
21. My Personal Struggle with English ֨ಆ or why the difference between »s« and »th« matters 1. new member of German coast guard: first day at work (in German, don’t bother) German Coast guard trainee! http://youtu.be/yR0lWICH3rY
22. My Personal Struggle with English ֨ಆ or why the difference between »s« and »th« matters 1. new member of German coast guard: first day at work 2. a call for SOS arrives: “Help, we are sinking!” 3. his response: “What are you thinking about?” (in German, don’t bother) German Coast guard trainee! http://youtu.be/yR0lWICH3rY
23. What Do You Know About Physics?! ෺ཧֶ ͱ͸ Կ Ͱ͔͢ɻ rhetorical question, must not been answered ;-)
24. Famous Physicists & 1949: Hideki Yukawa! 1965: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga! 2008: Yoichiro Nambu But who is who?! ୭͕୭Ͱ͔͢ʁ
25. Famous Physicists & 1949: Hideki Yukawa 1965: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga! 2008: Yoichiro Nambu “for his prediction of the existence of mesons” • special particles ཻࢠ, e.g. the Pion (1935)! • measured first 12 years after prediction ༧ݴ
26. Famous Physicists & 1949: Hideki Yukawa! 1965: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga 2008: Yoichiro Nambu “fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics” • quantum mechanics to electronic interaction! • with Feynman, very important physicist! ! ! → Feynman book & lectures (ྔࢠి࣓ؾֶ)
27. Famous Physicists & 1949: Hideki Yukawa! 1965: Sin-Itiro Tomonaga! 2008: Yoichiro Nambu “the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry“ • related to Higgs-mechanism (2013)! • »spontaneous« is difficult
28. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg! 2007: Peter Grünberg Can you guess…?! ୭͕୭Ͱ͔͢ʁ
29. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein 1932: Werner Heisenberg! 2007: Peter Grünberg “discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect” • not special relativity! ! → common mistake! • energy is discrete ħ~10-34 J/s! • solar cell e- e- e- e-
30. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein 1932: Werner Heisenberg! 2007: Peter Grünberg “discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect” • not special relativity! ! → common mistake! • energy is discrete ħ~10-34 J/s! • solar cell e- e- e- e-
31. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein 1932: Werner Heisenberg! 2007: Peter Grünberg “discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect” • not special relativity! ! → common mistake! • energy is discrete ħ~10-34 J/s! • solar cell e- Light e- e- e-
32. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein 1932: Werner Heisenberg! 2007: Peter Grünberg “discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect” • not special relativity! ! → common mistake! • energy is discrete ħ~10-34 J/s! • solar cell e- Light e- e- e-
33. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein 1932: Werner Heisenberg! 2007: Peter Grünberg “discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect” • not special relativity! ! → common mistake! • energy is discrete ħ~10-34 J/s! • solar cell e- Light e- e- e-
34. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg 2007: Peter Grünberg “for the creation of quantum mechanics”
35. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg 2007: Peter Grünberg “for the creation of quantum mechanics”
36. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg 2007: Peter Grünberg “for the creation of quantum mechanics” ???
37. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg 2007: Peter Grünberg “for the creation of quantum mechanics” ???
38. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg 2007: Peter Grünberg “for the creation of quantum mechanics” ???
39. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg 2007: Peter Grünberg “for the creation of quantum mechanics” Erwin Schrödinger (Austria )
40. Famous Physicists ' 1921: Albert Einstein! 1932: Werner Heisenberg! 2007: Peter Grünberg “for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance” • direct application in Hard Disk read sensors! • made large HDs available and cheap!! • from Jülich, Germany → close to Aachen (
41. Physics – all there is • basic foundation for all science! • complexity reduced to few elementary principles! • knowledge can be used in many future topics! • large field of theory and experiments theory ཧ࿦ experiment ࣮ݧ •make predictions! •use of mathematics and computation •measure system! •evaluate theory and give new directions chemistry! biology! life science! engineering
42. Parts of Physics CMS Simulation at CERN (http://cdsweb.cern.ch) •elemental particles! •high energies! •principles of physics single particle physics 175 m 8600 m •large international experiment Large Hardron Collider (LHC)! •found Higgs particle
43. me Parts of Physics CMS Simulation at CERN (http://cdsweb.cern.ch) Dan Russell (http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell) •elemental particles! •high energies! •principles of physics single particle physics many particles physics •many particles! •low temperatures •molecules, crystals, liquids! •hard discs, LCD, Graphen p p
44. me Parts of Physics CMS Simulation at CERN (http://cdsweb.cern.ch) Dan Russell (http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell) •elemental particles! •high energies! •principles of physics single particle physics many particles physics •many particles! •low temperatures! •real life materials (HD,…) •closely related to single particle physics! •how and why does the universe exist astrophysics p p
45. What is Left in Physics? motivations and solutions to physics
46. There is a Mystery e-
47. There is a Mystery e- Usually electron slows down during movement. Instead can move freely!
48. There is a Mystery • oh that’s strange… • does not fit in current understanding • how can we explain this?! e- Usually electron slows down during movement. Instead can move freely!
49. How to Solve • try to break with established pictures! • exchange (in English!) with int. researchers! • simulation, experiments, pen and paper
50. How to Solve • try to break with established pictures! • exchange (in English!) with int. researchers! • simulation, experiments, pen and paper
51. How to Solve • try to break with established pictures! • exchange (in English!) with int. researchers! • simulation, experiments, pen and paper
52. How to Solve • try to break with established pictures! • exchange (in English!) with int. researchers! • simulation, experiments, pen and paper
53. How to Solve • try to break with established pictures! • exchange (in English!) with int. researchers! • simulation, experiments, pen and paper new physics foundation for future
54. Making It Simple a real life example from my work e-
55. Making It Simple a real life example from my work
56. Making It Simple a real life example from my work
57. Simplifying a Square J, T •interacting particles only with nearest neighbors •at temperature T
58. Simplifying a Square J, T •interacting particles only with nearest neighbors •at temperature T
59. Simplifying a Square J, T •interacting particles only with nearest neighbors •at temperature T
60. Simplifying a Square J, T •interacting particles only with nearest neighbors •at temperature T •system described by function H(J, T)
61. Simplifying a Square J, T J’, T’ •interacting particles only with nearest neighbors •at temperature T •system described by function H(J, T) •now H(J’, T’), but less »particles« → easier
62. Simplifying a Square J, T J’, T’ •interacting particles only with nearest neighbors •at temperature T •system described by function H(J, T) •now H(J’, T’), but less »particles« → easier •H(J’’, T’’) and so on… J’’, T’’
63. Simplifying a Square J, T J’, T’ •interacting particles only with nearest neighbors •at temperature T •system described by function H(J, T) •now H(J’, T’), but less »particles« → easier •H(J’’, T’’) and so on… J, T J’, T’ J’’, T’’ ? ? simplification J’’, T’’
64. Thank you and…! ask me questions!! ! ࣭໰͍ͯͩ͘͠͞!