Update on ash dieback, Phytothora sp, and Dothistroma NB

by Anna Brown

Transcript

1. Update on ash dieback, Phytophthora sp, and Dothistroma Needle Blight Anna Brown, Forest Research
2. Ash dieback in Europe – Chalara fraxinea ! " # $ " $ % & '
3. Ash dieback in Europe – Chalara fraxinea ( ) ! # * + ,-* $ . * / 0 11 + + . 2 , 3
4. 2012 2012 2012 2012
5. H. pseudoalbidus fruit bodies on fallen ash rachises produce ascospores Image Stina Bengtsson
6. ! Spore numbers at night Spore numbers at 5am Spore numbers at 7am Work of Halvor Solheim, Volkmar Timmermann & Isabella Berja, Skog og Landskap, Norway Early in the morning peaking between 6-8 am during summer
7. * 4 $ 5 ! # ! ( ' 3
8. ! ( - ' $ , 5
9. 6 - % % " - 7 ) 8 9 / 4 : ;11 / < $ , 3 ) $ $ ( = 6 $ $ * ! >? # "
10. ! " 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Belgium 30,000 7,800 11,000 400 0 15,000 47,200 32,500 136,000 279,900 France 155,125 7,000 400 22,200 0 0 700 0 1,000 186,425 Germany 553,600 500,700 81,000 196,500 374,500 396,750 0 400,400 250,750 2,754,200 Hungary 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,625 0 0 4,625 Ireland 0 0 0 27,000 180,600 98,600 162,825 500 0 469,525 Netherlands 0 0 196,500 323,300 205,050 461,607 141,100 50,100 172,375 1,550,032 Total 738,725 515,500 288,900 569,400 760,150 971,957 356,450 483,500 560,125 5,244,707 Number of UK imported ash plants (bare rooted) from EU Member States registered on the Forest Reproductive Material database indicates when disease reported from country
11. # ! $ ! @ ) A( / 1 ) B 1 C 3 1 * ! # 1 @ ) A 1 / > !11 % # @ / ) @ D , ' $ 2 EE1 1
12. % ! ! % ! ! ! ! / F # ! & ! ! ' ! (((() )
13. * @ ( ) $ +, +- ' ! ! ! $ +, . // 0 @ # $ +. & 1 ! +, . & 2 @ * +345 , . ! ! @ 7 ! G #
14. +6 $ ++$ 5 , +7 +- GB-wide rapid survey in early Nov 2012 By 19h August 2013 • 219 (11) in wider environment • 335 (93) recently planted sites • 24 (3) nurseries (not shown) • 578 Total • One SSSI site in Scotland (Stirling) has been identified • H $ 4 D 1
15. ' ! • D • B • + ! # • D 7 • 11 ! # Kirisits et al., 2012 J. Agr Ext Rural Devt. 4, 230-235
16. , - 4+, 45 , ++ Phytophthora ramorum P. ramorum – history • : ; @ 5 * & + 5 $ : ; ! @ ; @ $ 4 D @ I * @,
17. , - 4+, 45 , ++ ( C * H H $ % 1 * 1
18. !
19. 8 !
20. E Defoliating chestnut under larch Stem lesions, Hemlock under larch Bleeding lesions, Beech under larch Fresh infections, Rhododendron under larch Stem lesions, Douglas fir
21. * 9
22. # ! 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2010 2011 2012 2013 Affected area (ha) England Wales Scotland ( J9$ @ , J=$ K @ H $ " H *
23. European larch (Aug) Hybrid larch (May) Japanese larch (Oct) @ $ $ $ C @ * ! @ 1 0 @ 4 $ C $ @ ' / JL HL EL : ! !
24. EU2 EU1 EU1 EU1 EU1 EU1 @ % $ , 3 @ A C J J J @ , C , @ , , , , @ % , ,
25. Images: Alina Greslebin CIEFAP B 1 &
26. ! ' & ' & : ' ; 5 , ++ Root killing, lesions extending into lower stem girdling trees
27. • 5 I1 9 5 $ * 7 F • $ / B • ( * • ' B 4 D • < 4 D $ / 1 ( F • H
28. • ( ( & • - ) ; • 6 ( % H , * B K ) ; • & $ $ • / ' • 5 6 $ $ % *
29. • 6 $ • $ 6 * • / $ • ) ) ; D • ( D
30. # < Dothistroma septosporum (and D. pini)
31. Hosts and impact
32. / !
33. Impact Scots pine inc. Caledonian
34. Hosts and impact 86 pine and also 7 non pine species including 5 spruce affected
35. DNB + insect impact
36. = ' * . & > 7 0 5 > * . & 3 +7 5 -
37. Extensive survey results # * * * 5 .' > + D > 4 = = $ .* L > = ) > = - B > 9 % < 9 = * ) 9 L ' > H B I L + +, 3 6 7 +? > FES 27/08/2013 - 533 samples received Private sector/FR Scotland 27/08/2013 - 364 samples received 6 LP, 59 SP and 1 Cedrus alantica glauca
38. CPI 2013 survey Hosts and impact 1 + + % D 1 *M 5 ( >1 4 ( % H* * > ' 5 (;A 5 $ B $ ' $ * & $ $ 4 B 4
39. < Nursery update 9 4 D > + % D 4 D / F
40. Why now? 2 GJ L/ N 5 > ? ! ! ) * 9 4 D ; / ! D
41. Disease Impact factor
42. 4 • 5 $ " " 11 % O 7 • 2 / 7 2 / 3$ ? • C > 9 - B
43. * ! • + $ M • ! 7 #$ 7 • •
44. ! ! / /
45. Phytophthora lateralis. Lawson’s cypress Phytophthora ramorum. Larch Phytophthora pseudosyringae. Native heath, Nothofagus Phytophthora kernoviae. Native heath Pseudomonas syringae pv aesculi. Horse chestnut Phytophthora kernoviae. Beech, rhododendron etc Phytophthora ramorum. Beech, rhododendron etc Dothistroma septosporum. Pines Phytophthora alni. Alder Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Elm Phytophthora pseudosyringae. Beech, hornbeam Phytophthora austrocedrae. Native juniper Cryphonectria parasitica. Sweet chestnut < & ! " Chalara fraxinea. Ash
46. • Don’t succumb to the doctrine of despair! • Prevention is better than ‘cure’ – “awareness” • Pests and diseases can be managed and even ffcontained with good science and good practice
47. : ' : @ C H * < ! 5 #A 5 D $ B < $ D * * M 6 ! #P * 4 - ! # B D $ 3 ' $ - - $ D ! + ( .+ + B * * < $ * 4 $ - 1 Q 1 1 + $ 5 ' 1 Q 1 1 &